[Android]如何导入已有的外部数据库
我们平时见到的android数据库操作一般都是在程序开始时创建一个空的数据库,然后再进行相关操作。如果我们需要使用一个已有数据的数据库怎么办呢?
我们都知道android系统下数据库应该存放在 /data/data/com.*.*(package name)/ 目录下,所以我们需要做的是把已有的数据库传入那个目录下。操作方法是用FileInputStream读取原数据库,再用FileOutputStream把读取到的东西写入到那个目录。
操作方法:1. 把原数据库包括在项目源码的 res/raw 目录下,然后建立一个DBManager类,代码如下:
package com.android.ImportDatabase; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import android.content.Context; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.os.Environment; import android.util.Log; public class DBManager { private final int BUFFER_SIZE = 400000; public static final String DB_NAME = "countries.db"; //保存的数据库文件名 public static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.ImportDatabase"; public static final String DB_PATH = "/data" + Environment.getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/" + PACKAGE_NAME; //在手机里存放数据库的位置 private SQLiteDatabase database; private Context context; DBManager(Context context) { this.context = context; } public void openDatabase() { this.database = this.openDatabase(DB_PATH + "/" + DB_NAME); } private SQLiteDatabase openDatabase(String dbfile) { try { if (!(new File(dbfile).exists())) { //判断数据库文件是否存在,若不存在则执行导入,否则直接打开数据库 InputStream is = this.context.getResources().openRawResource( R.raw.countries); //欲导入的数据库 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(dbfile); byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; int count = 0; while ((count = is.read(buffer)) > 0) { fos.write(buffer, 0, count); } fos.close(); is.close(); } SQLiteDatabase db = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(dbfile, null); return db; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { Log.e("Database", "File not found"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("Database", "IO exception"); e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }
//do something else here
public void closeDatabase() { this.database.close(); } }
然后在程序的首个Activity中示例化一个DBManager对象,然后对其执行openDatabase方法就可以完成导入了,可以把一些要对数据库进行的操作写在DBManager类里,然后通过DBManager类的对象调用;也可以在完成导入之后通过一个SQliteDatabase类的对象打开数据库,并执行操作。
我的做法是 在程序的首个Activity中导入数据库:
package com.android.ImportDatabase; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; public class RootView extends Activity { public DBManager dbHelper;
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); dbHelper = new DBManager(this); dbHelper.openDatabase(); dbHelper.closeDatabase(); } }
此时在DDMS中可以查看到,外部数据库已经成功导入
在需要使用数据库的类里:
package com.android.ImportDatabase; import java.util.ArrayList; import android.app.Activity; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.os.Bundle; public class TaxiActivity extends Activity { private SQLiteDatabase database; ArrayList<CityClass> CITY; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); database = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(DBManager.DB_PATH + "/" + DBManager.DB_NAME, null); CITY = getCity(); // do something with CITY database.close(); } private ArrayList<CityClass> getCity() { Cursor cur = database.rawQuery("SELECT city.id_city, city.name FROM taxi, city WHERE city.id_city = taxi.id_city GROUP BY city.id_city", null); if (cur != null) { int NUM_CITY = cur.getCount(); ArrayList<CityClass> taxicity = new ArrayList<CityClass>(NUM_CITY); if (cur.moveToFirst()) { do { String name = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex("name")); int id = cur.getInt(cur.getColumnIndex("id_city")); CityClass city = new CityClass("", 0); System.out.println(name); //额外添加一句,把select到的信息输出到Logcat city.city_name = name; city.city_id = id; taxicity.add(city); } while (cur.moveToNext()); } return taxicity; } else { return null; } } }
查看输出的结果:
如果导入的数据库大小有问题,或使用InputStream读取出错了,请看此贴 [iPhone/Android] 导入程序的数据库大小与原数据库大小不一致怎么办?