asp.net MVC 权限设计(续)
asp.net MVC 权限设计一文中没有demo放出来,应大家的要求,这里补充上文并放出demo。
几点说明:
1、基于将角色与controller、action相关联来判断用户是否有权
2、通过自定义AuthorizeAttribute实现
3、demo 仅供参考,一些规则可以根据实际情况重新定义
简明需求
1、可以对每个action实现权限控制,并且可以在数据库动态配置
2、权限分为允许所有人访问、允许注册用户访问、允许\禁止特定角色人访问
数据库设计
在demo里不使用数据库,这里给出表对应的类
/// /// 控制器和Action /// public class ControllerAction { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } /// /// IsController是指是否是controller,如果为false, /// 表示是action,那么controllerName字段就派上用场了 /// public bool IsController { get; set; } /// /// 控制器名称 /// 如果IsController为false,该项不能为空 /// public string ControllName { get; set; } /// /// 是指是否允许没有权限的人访问 /// public bool IsAllowedNoneRoles { get; set; } /// /// 是否允许有角色的人访问 /// public bool IsAllowedAllRoles { get; set; } } /// /// 用户与角色的关联表 /// public class ControllerActionRole { public int Id { get; set; } /// /// 对应的ControllerAction编号 /// public int ControllerActioId { get; set; } /// /// 对应的角色编号 /// public int RoleId { get; set; } /// /// IsAllowed表示包含RoleId的用户是否有权限访问ControllerActioId /// public bool IsAllowed { get; set; } } /// /// 角色 /// public class Role { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Description { get; set; } } /// /// 用户 /// public class User { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } /// /// 用户与角色的关联表 /// public class UserRole { public int Id { get; set; } public int UserId { get; set; } public int RoleId { get; set; } }
核心流程
我们见一个Database类来模拟数据库
/// /// /// 模拟数据库 /// public class Database { public static List Users; public static List Roles; public static List UserRoles; public static List ControllerActions; public static List ControllerActionRoles; static Database() { // 初始化用户 Users = new List() { new User(){Id=1,Name="Admin"}, new User(){Id=2,Name ="User"}, new User(){Id=3,Name="Guest"} }; Roles = new List() { new Role() {Id=1,Name="Administrator"}, new Role() {Id=2,Name="User"} }; UserRoles = new List() { new UserRole(){Id=1,RoleId=1,UserId=1}, //管理员 new UserRole(){Id=2,RoleId=2,UserId=2} //用户 }; ControllerActions = new List() { new ControllerAction(){Id=1,Name="Index",IsController=true,IsAllowedNoneRoles=true,IsAllowedAllRoles=true}, // /Home 允许所有人访问 new ControllerAction(){Id=2,ControllName="Home",Name="Admin",IsController=false,IsAllowedNoneRoles=false,IsAllowedAllRoles = false}, // /Home/Admin 管理员才能访问 new ControllerAction(){Id=3,ControllName="Home",Name="User",IsController=false,IsAllowedNoneRoles=false,IsAllowedAllRoles = true}, // /Home/User 有角色的人才能访问 new ControllerAction(){Id=4,ControllName="Home",Name="UserOnly",IsController=false,IsAllowedNoneRoles=false,IsAllowedAllRoles = false}, // /Home/UserOnly 用户才能访问 }; ControllerActionRoles = new List() { new ControllerActionRole(){ Id=1,ControllerActioId = 2,RoleId = 1,IsAllowed = true }, // 管理员才能访问 new ControllerActionRole(){ Id=2,ControllerActioId = 4,RoleId = 2,IsAllowed = true } // USER才能访问 }; } }
来看我们的主要代码
/// /// 自定义AuthorizeAttribute /// public class UserAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute { public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext) { var user = filterContext.HttpContext.Session["CurrentUser"] as User; // 用户为空,赋予Guest if (user == null) { user = Database.Users.Find(u => u.Name == "Guest"); } var controller = filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString(); var action = filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString(); var isAllowed = this.IsAllowed(user, controller, action); if (!isAllowed) { filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Response.Write("无权访问"); filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Response.End(); } } /// /// 判断是否允许访问 /// /// 用户 /// 控制器 /// action /// 是否允许访问 public bool IsAllowed(User user, string controller, string action) { // 找controllerAction var controllerAction = Database.ControllerActions.Find(ca => ca.IsController == false && ca.Name == action && ca.ControllName == controller); //action无记录,找controller if (controllerAction == null) { controllerAction = Database.ControllerActions.Find(ca => ca.IsController && ca.Name == controller); } // 无规则 if (controllerAction == null) { return true; } // 允许没有角色的:也就是说允许所有人,包括没有登录的用户 if (controllerAction.IsAllowedNoneRoles) { return true; } // 允许所有角色:只要有角色,就可以访问 if (controllerAction.IsAllowedAllRoles) { var roles = Database.UserRoles.FindAll(ur => ur.UserId == user.Id); if (roles.Count > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } // 选出action对应的角色 var actionRoles = Database.ControllerActionRoles.FindAll(ca => ca.ControllerActioId == controllerAction.Id).ToList(); if (actionRoles.Count == 0) { // 角色数量为0,也就是说没有定义访问规则,默认允许访问 return true; } var userHavedRolesids = Database.UserRoles.FindAll(ur => ur.UserId == user.Id).Select(ca => ca.RoleId).ToList(); // 查找禁止的角色 var notAllowedRoles = actionRoles.FindAll(r => !r.IsAllowed).Select(ca => ca.RoleId).ToList(); if (notAllowedRoles.Count > 0) { foreach (int roleId in notAllowedRoles) { // 用户的角色在禁止访问列表中,不允许访问 if (userHavedRolesids.Contains(roleId)) { return false; } } } // 查找允许访问的角色列表 var allowRoles = actionRoles.FindAll(r => r.IsAllowed).Select(ca => ca.RoleId).ToList(); if (allowRoles.Count > 0) { foreach (int roleId in allowRoles) { // 用户的角色在访问的角色列表 if (userHavedRolesids.Contains(roleId)) { return true; } } } // 默认禁止访问 return false; } }
测试
[HandleError] [UserAuthorize] public class HomeController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { ViewData["Message"] = "欢迎使用 ASP.NET MVC!"; return View(); } public ActionResult Admin() { ViewData["Message"] = "只有管理员才能访问!"; return View("Index"); } public ActionResult User() { ViewData["Message"] = "只要是注册用户就能访问!"; return View("Index"); } public ActionResult UserOnly() { ViewData["Message"] = "只能是User才能能访问!"; return View("Index"); } public ActionResult Login(string user) { Session["CurrentUser"] = Database.Users.Find(u => u.Name == user); if (Session["CurrentUser"] != null) { ViewData["Message"] = "你已登录为" + user; } return View("Index"); } public ActionResult About() { return View(); } }
1、登录为Admin
访问Admin
访问User
访问UserOnly
2、登录为User
访问Admin
访问User
访问UserOnly