Python之struct

struct是Python中的内建模块,用来在C语言中的结构体与Python中的字符串之间进行转换,数据一般来自文件或网络

1. 功能

  (1) 按照指定格式将Python数据转换为字符串(该字符串为字节流)

  (2) 按照指定格式将字节流转换为Python指定的数据类型

  (3) 处理二进制数据,如果用struct来处理文件的话,需要用‘wb’/'rb'以二进制写,读的方式来处理文件

  (4) 处理C语言中的结构体

2. struct常用方法

  (1) pack(fmt, v1, v2, ...) -> bytes

       按照给定的格式将数据转换成字符串(字节流)

  (2) pack_into(fmt, buffer, offset, v1, v2, ...)

       按照给定的格式将数据转换成字符串(字节流),并将字节流写入以offset开始的buffer中

  (3) unpack(fmt, buffer) -> (v1, v2, ...)

       按照给定的格式解析字节流并返回结果

  (4) unpack_from(fmt, buffer, offset=0) -> (v1, v2, ...)

       按照指定的格式解析以offset开始的缓冲区并返回解析结果

  (5) calcsize(fmt) -> integer

       计算给定的格式占多少字节的内存,注意对齐方式

3. 格式符

  格式化字符串:指定数据类型、控制字节顺序、大小和对齐方式

  下面2张表来自官网

CharacterByte orderSizeAlignment
@ native native 凑够4字节
= native standard 按原字节数
< little-endian standard 按原字节数
> big-endian standard 按原字节数
! network (= big-endian) standard 按原字节数
FormatC TypePython typeStandard sizeNotes
x pad byte no value    
c char string of length 1 1  
b signed char integer 1 (3)
B unsigned char integer 1 (3)
? _Bool bool 1 (1)
h short integer 2 (3)
H unsigned short integer 2 (3)
i int integer 4 (3)
I unsigned int integer 4 (3)
l long integer 4 (3)
L unsigned long integer 4 (3)
q long long integer 8 (2), (3)
Q unsigned long long integer 8 (2), (3)
f float float 4 (4)
d double float 8 (4)
s char[] string    
p char[] string    
P void * integer   (5), (3)

4. 示例

#coding=utf-8
''' struct实现二进制文件的读写 '''

import sys
import struct

def writefile(path):
    name = b"zhanglin"
    age = 30
    sex = b"female"
    profession = b"IT"

    try:
        with open(path, "wb") as pf:
            text = struct.pack(">8si6s2s", name,age,sex,profession)
            pf.write(text)
            print ("write file success!")
    except Exception as e:
        print ("write file faild!:",e)

def readfile(path):
    text = None
    try:
        with open(path, "rb") as pf:
            text = pf.read()
            print ("read file success!")
            print (text)
            print (struct.unpack(">8si6s2s", text))
    except Exception as e:
        print ("read file faild!:",e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    path = sys.argv[1]
    writefile(path)
    readfile(path)

输出结果:
  
>>> D:\Pystu>python struct_test.py struct_test.txt
  >>> write file success!
  >>> read file success!
  >>> b'zhanglin\x00\x00\x00\x1efemaleIT'
  >>> (b'zhanglin', 30, b'female', b'IT')
 

 

posted @ 2018-02-27 17:58  Fate0729  阅读(746)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报