PHP反射

说到反射,实际上包含两个概念:

  • 检视 introspection 判断类、方法是否存在,父子类关系,调用关系等,检视的函数文档
  • 反射 Reflection 获取类里的方法、属性,注释等,反射类的文档

PHP官方文档写得很清晰了,下面我就说一下具体的应用。
1.参数检测
有时候需要在函数里需要判断传入的参数类型是否合法。
这时可以使用is_a、is_subclass_of来检测。或者结合反射,做更多检测。
2.动态调用
在依赖注入中,常见到这种用法,比如Laravel5.5中的Container.php

public function build($concrete)
    {
        // If the concrete type is actually a Closure, we will just execute it and
        // hand back the results of the functions, which allows functions to be
        // used as resolvers for more fine-tuned resolution of these objects.
        if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
            return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride());
        }
        $reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);
        // If the type is not instantiable, the developer is attempting to resolve
        // an abstract type such as an Interface of Abstract Class and there is
        // no binding registered for the abstractions so we need to bail out.
        if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) {
            return $this->notInstantiable($concrete);
        }
        $this->buildStack[] = $concrete;
        $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();
        // If there are no constructors, that means there are no dependencies then
        // we can just resolve the instances of the objects right away, without
        // resolving any other types or dependencies out of these containers.
        if (is_null($constructor)) {
            array_pop($this->buildStack);
            return new $concrete;
        }
        $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();
        // Once we have all the constructor's parameters we can create each of the
        // dependency instances and then use the reflection instances to make a
        // new instance of this class, injecting the created dependencies in.
        $instances = $this->resolveDependencies(
            $dependencies
        );
        array_pop($this->buildStack);
        return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances);
    }

上述代码先判断是否是闭包,如果是,直接返回。不是则通过new ReflectionClass($concrete);
生成反射类的实例,然后获取这个类的构造函数和参数,进行初始化的过程。
注意
反射里一个比较重要的用法invoke
当已知这个类的时候,可以通过构造ReflectionMethod来直接调用,如:

class HelloWorld {

    public function sayHelloTo($name) {
        return 'Hello ' . $name;
    }

}

$reflectionMethod = new ReflectionMethod('HelloWorld', 'sayHelloTo');
echo $reflectionMethod->invoke(new HelloWorld(), 'Mike');

当不知道这个类时,知道类的对象,可以用ReflectionObject获取ReflectionMethod后调用,如:

class HelloWorld {

    public function sayHelloTo($name) {
        return 'Hello ' . $name;
    }

}

$hello = new HelloWorld();

$refObj = new ReflectionObject($hello);
$refMethod = $refObj->getMethod('sayHelloTo');
echo $refMethod->invoke($hello,'Mike');

调用流程一般就是获取反射类ReflectionClass/反射对象ReflectionObject的实例,然后获取ReflectionMethod后,invoke。

3.获取注释,生成文档
比如PHPDoc

4.注解,增强版的注释,符合一定的规则
比如某些框架的路由,便是通过注解实现的。

5.不要为了反射而反射
PHP是一门动态语言,其实可以直接通过字符串来调用类或函数,如下:

class HelloWorld {

    public function sayHelloTo($name) {
        return 'Hello ' . $name;
    }

}

$hello = 'HelloWorld';
$helloSay = 'sayHelloTo';
$helloIntance = new $hello;
echo $helloIntance->$helloSay('Mike');

那么为什么还需要反射呢?

  • 功能更强大
  • 更安全,防止直接调用没有暴露的内部方法
  • 可维护,直接写字符串是硬编码
posted @ 2018-02-03 14:13  半山th  阅读(497)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报