Django——路由系统，视图（接收文件等）

Django请求生命周期

-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 返回用户字符串
-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 打开一个HTML文件，读取内容（其实也是字符串）

路由系统（URL）

1、FBV形式（参见上一篇博客）、CBV形式

url(r'^index/', views.index),    #FBV形式，function base view
url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()),	#CBV形式，class base view

views.py

Django.view.View里的

urls.py

 1 urls.py
 2 
 3 from app01 import views
 4 urlpatterns = [
 5     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
 6     url(r'^home', views.Home.as_view()),
 7 ]
 8 
 9 
10 views.py
11 
12 from django.shortcuts import render
13 from django.views import View
14 class Home(View):
15     def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
16         print("start")    #可以在这里面做一些操作
17         result = super(Home,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
18         print("end")
19         return result
20 
21     def get(self,request):
22         print(request.method)
23         return render(request,"login.html")
24     def post(self,request):
25         print(request.method)
26         return render(request, "login.html")
27     
28     
29 login.html
30 
31 <!DOCTYPE html>
32 <html lang="en">
33 <head>
34     <meta charset="UTF-8">
35     <title>Title</title>
36 </head>
37 <body>
38     <form action="/home" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
39         <p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" /></p>
40         <p><input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码" /></p>
41         <p>
42             男：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" />
43             女：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2" />
44             张扬：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="3" />
45         </p>
46         <p>
47             男：<input type="checkbox" name="fav" value="1" />
48             女：<input type="checkbox" name="fav" value="2" />
49             张扬：<input type="checkbox" name="fav" value="3" />
50         </p>
51         <p>
52             <select name="city">
53                 <option value="bj">北京</option>
54                 <option value="sh">上海</option>
55                 <option value="tj">天津</option>
56             </select>
57         </p>
58         <p>
59             <input type="file" name="fff">
60         </p>
61 
62         <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
63     </form>
64 </body>
65 </html>
CBV形式

2、正则匹配

url(r'^detail-(\d+).html', views.detail),  	#正则匹配
url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail)	#正则表达式分组，***　　

views端对应的两种写法

url(r'^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail)

#http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/1-3.html
def func(request,nid,uid):
    print(nid,uid)
    return ...

>>1,3

def func(request, *args，**kwargs):
    args=(1,3)    #元组形式


url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html', views.detail)    #这种方式，是将nid，uid的数据绑定了

#http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/1-3.html
def func(request,nid,uid):    #so这块的nid和uid的顺序无所吊谓
    print(nid,uid)
    return ...

>>1,3

def func(request, *args,**kwargs):
    kwargs = {'nid': 1, 'uid': 3}    #字典形式

3、为URL路由关系进行命名（name='abc'） *** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL（生成自定义的URL） ***

小Tips：

request.path_info：当前的URL

request.get_full_path()：获取完整地址(有参数)

 url(r'^abc/', views.index, name='i1')　　#与urls.py里的域名相绑定

#方式1，模板语言

<from action="{% url 'i1' %}" method="post">　　#url里面啥样，这里就啥样
	...
</form>

#方式二，Django内置方法

from django.urls import reverse

def index(request,*args,**kwargs):
	v = reverse('i1')
	return render(request,'home.html',{'turn':v})
	
html端

<from action={{ turn }} method = "post">
	...
</from>

url(r'^bcd/(\d+)/(\d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),　　#生成想让他跳转的页面

#方式1，模板语言

<from action="{% url 'i1' 1 3 %}" method="post">	#生成==>http://127.0.0.1:8000/1/3
	...
</form>

#方式二，Django内置方法

from django.urls import reverse

def index(request,*args,**kwargs):
	v = reverse('i1',args=(90,92，))	#这是个元组，一定要打逗号
	return render(request,'home.html',{'turn':v})
	
html端

<from action={{ turn }} method = "post">
	...
</from>

访问方式：http://127.0.0.1:8000/89/86

url(r'^efg/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),　　#同理，生成想让他跳转的页面　　

#方式1，模板语言

<from action="{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %}" method="post">	#生成http://127.0.0.1:8000/1/9
	...
</form>

#方式二，Django内置方法

from django.urls import reverse

def index(request,*args,**kwargs):
	v = reverse('i3', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9})	#字典格式
	return render(request,'home.html',{'turn':v})
	
html端

<from action={{ turn }} method = "post">
	...
</from>

访问方式：http://127.0.0.1:8000/89/86　　#一样

4.多级路由

project/urls.py
	from django.conf.urls import url,include
	from django.contrib import admin

	urlpatterns = [
		url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")),
		url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")),
	]
	
app01/urls.py
	from django.conf.urls import url,include
	from django.contrib import admin
	from app01 import views

	urlpatterns = [
		url(r'^login/', views.login),
	]
	
app02/urls.py
	from django.conf.urls import url,include
	from django.contrib import admin
	from app02 import views

	urlpatterns = [
		url(r'^login/', views.login),
	]
	
	
访问方式：http://127.0.0.1:8000/cmdb/login
　　　　　http://127.0.0.1:8000/monitor/login

　

5、默认值，命名空间

默认值
	url(r'^index/', views.index, {'name': 'root'}),

	def index(request,name):	#向函数传递默认值
		print(name)
		return HttpResponse('OK')

命名空间    #听说从来都没用过

	#最外层url
	/crm1/    include('app01.urls',namespace='m1')
	/crm2/      include('app01.urls',namespace='m')
	
	app01.urls
	/index/    name = 'n1'
	
	reverser('m1:n1')	#自动生成域名views

视图（views）

之前学的request基本操作

def func(request):
	request.POST.get(xxx,None)	
	request.GET
	request.FILES
	request.getlist
	request.method
	request.path_info	#获取当前url
	
	return render,HttpResponse,redirect		#返回的三种方式new

request.environ

from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest	#要引入这个模块

def index(request):
    for k,v in request.environ.items():		# request.environ封装了所有的用户请求信息
        print(k,v)
    print(request.environ['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])
	# HTTP_USER_AGENT ==> 获取请求头（可以控制用什么**端登录）
	
    return HttpResponse('OK')muban

装饰器

　　-FBV

def auth(func):
    def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
        v = request.COOKIES.get('username111')
        if not v:
            return redirect('/login/')
        return func(request, *args,**kwargs)
    return inner

@auth
def index(request):
    # 获取当前已经登录的用户
    v = requst.COOKIES.get('username111')
    return render(request,'index.html',{'current_user': v})

　　-CBV

from django import views
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator

@method_decorator(auth,name='dispatch')
class Order(views.View):

    # @method_decorator(auth)    #也可以在dispatch上写装饰器
    # def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    #     return super(Order,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self,reqeust):
        v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')
        return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})

    def post(self,reqeust):
        v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')
        return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})

def order(reqeust):
    # 获取当前已经登录的用户
    v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')
    return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})

接受文件+多选的内容

 1 views.py
 2 
 3 def login(request):
 4     if request.method == "POST":
 5         u = request.POST.get('user')
 6         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
 7         print(u,p)
 8         g = request.POST.get('gender')
 9         print(g)
10         f = request.POST.getlist('fav')
11         print(f)
12         obj = request.FILES.get('fff')
13         f = open(obj.name,'wb')
14         for i in obj.chunks():
15             f.write(i)
16         f.close()
17 
18     return render(request,'login.html')
19 
20 home.htm
21 
22 <!DOCTYPE html>
23 <html lang="en">
24 <head>
25     <meta charset="UTF-8">
26     <title>Title</title>
27 </head>
28 <body>
29     <form action="/home" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">   //这就是那所谓的特殊的操作
30         <p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" /></p>
31         <p><input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码" /></p>
32         <p>
33             男：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" />
34             女：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2" />
35         </p>
36         <p>
37             男：<input type="checkbox" name="fav" value="1" />
38             女：<input type="checkbox" name="fav" value="2" />
39         </p>
40         <p>
41             <select name="city">
42                 <option value="bj">北京</option>
43                 <option value="sh">上海</option>
44                 <option value="tj">天津</option>
45             </select>
46         </p>
47         <p>
48             <input type="file" name="fff">
49         </p>
50 
51         <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
52     </form>
53 </body>
54 </html>
函数 + html

 

posted @ 2017-11-04 20:17  想54256  阅读(337)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报