poi操作Excel相关对象属性介绍及中级应用
之前发布了一篇基于Servlet的poi实现Excel的读取,下载的文章,这里对poi中HSSF接口做详细的介绍;HSSF接口专门处理Excel的,在poi中应该算是比较成熟的一部分了;poi主要接口如下:
1.HSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel格式档案的功能。
2.XSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML格式档案的功能。
3.HWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word格式档案的功能。
4.HSLF - 提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。
5.HDGF - 提供读写Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能
反正就是当别人问到poi了就只知道处理excel就行;不说废话了,进入正题
HSSFWorkbook excell 文档对象介绍
HSSFSheet excell的表单
HSSFRow excell的行
HSSFCell excell的格子单元
HSSFFont excell字体
HSSFName 名称
HSSFDataFormat 日期格式
HSSFHeader sheet头
HSSFFooter sheet尾
HSSFCellStyle cell样式
HSSFDateUtil 日期
HSSFPrintSetup 打印
HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表
下面是初级应用代码(Java工程),导包就不说了,上篇文章有下载地址链接
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package com.wf.util;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
public class PoiTest {
/**
* 创建Excel
*/
public void createExcel(){
try {
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("My First Sheet");//创建工作区,名称
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);//第一行
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(0);//第一列
cell.setCellValue("Hello poi");//写入值
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("d:\test.xls");
wb.write(fileOut);
fileOut.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 读取excel,注意至少要有一行一列,否则无值
*/
public void readExcel(){
try {
POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls"));
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);//第一个工作区
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0);//第一行
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell(0);//第一列
String msg = cell.getStringCellValue();//值
System.out.println("cell'value="+msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 修改/写入值
*/
public void updateCellValue() {
try {
POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\test.xls"));
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);//第一个工作区
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0);
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell(0);
cell.setCellValue("a test");
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("d:\test.xls");
wb.write(fileOut);
fileOut.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
下面是中级应用:
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public void test1(){
try {
// load源文件
POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("filePath"));
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
for (int i = 0; i < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(i);
for (int j = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); j < sheet.getLastRowNum(); j ++) {
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
if (row != null) {
//....操作
}
}
}
//目标文件
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("objectPath");
//写文件
wb.write(fos);
fos.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
相关操作:
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1、得到列和单元格
HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short) j);
2、设置sheet名称和单元格内容为中文
wb.setSheetName(n, "中文",HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
cell.setEncoding(1);
cell.setCellValue("中文");
3、单元格内容未公式或数值,可以这样读写
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cell.getNumericCellValue()
4、设置列宽、行高
sheet.setColumnWidth(column,width);
row.setHeight(height);
5、添加区域,合并单元格
Region region = new Region(rowFrom,columnFrom,rowTo,columnTo);
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);
//得到所有区域
sheet.getNumMergedRegions()
6、根据单元格不同属性返回字符串数值
public String getCellStringValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String cellValue = "";
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
if(cellValue.trim().equals("")||cellValue.trim().length()<=0)
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
cellValue=" ";
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
break;
default:
break;
}
return cellValue;
}
7、常用单元格边框格式
虚线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOTTED
实线HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN
public static HSSFCellStyle getCellStyle( type){
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setBorderBottom(type);//下边框
style.setBorderLeft(type);//左边框
style.setBorderRight(type);//右边框
style.setBorderTop(type);//上边框
return style;
}
8、设置字体和内容位置
HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
f.setFontHeightInPoints( 11);//字号
f.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);//加粗
style.setFont(f);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//左右居中
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//上下居中
style.setRotation( rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
HSSFDataFormat df = wb.createDataFormat();
style1.setDataFormat(df.getFormat("0.00%"));//设置单元格数据格式
cell.setCellFormula(string);//给单元格设公式
style.setRotation( rotation);//单元格内容的旋转的角度
cell.setCellStyle(style);
9、插入图片
//先把读进来的图片放到一个ByteArrayOutputStream中,以便产生ByteArray
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
BufferedImage bufferImg = ImageIO.read(new File("ok.jpg"));
ImageIO.write(bufferImg,"jpg",byteArrayOut);
//读进一个excel模版
FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(filePathName+"/stencil.xlt");
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(fos);
//创建一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,255, 0,0,10,10);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor , wb.addPicture(byteArrayOut.toByteArray(),HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
10、设置列自动换行
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setWrapText(true);
sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle(0, cellStyle);
//设置列的宽度
sheet.setColumnWidth((short)0,(short)9000);
sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle((short)0, cellStyle);
//与
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short)70);冲突
只会换行 不会设置列宽
单元格复制操作
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package com.wf.test;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.Region;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
/**
* 将某SHEET页中的某几行复制到某SHEET页的某几行中。抱括被合并了的单元格。
*/
public class RowCopy {
/**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
* @throws FileNotFoundException
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("d:\\exlsample.xls"));
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
// source为源sheet 页,target为目标sheet页
copyRows(wb, "source", "target", 5, 6, 20);
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("d:\\exlsample.xls");
wb.write(fileOut);
fileOut.flush();
fileOut.close();
System.out.println("Operation finished");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param wb
* HSSFWorkbook
* @param pSourceSheetName
* 源sheet页名称
* @param pTargetSheetName
* 目标sheet页名称
* @param pStartRow
* 源sheet页中的起始行
* @param pEndRow
* 源sheet页中的结束行
* @param pPosition
* 目标sheet页中的开始行
*/
public static void copyRows(HSSFWorkbook wb, String pSourceSheetName,
String pTargetSheetName, int intStartRow, int intEndRow, int intPosition) {
// EXECL中的行是从1开始的,而POI中是从0开始的,所以这里要减1.
int pStartRow = intStartRow - 1;
int pEndRow = intEndRow - 1;
int pPosition = intPosition - 1;
HSSFRow sourceRow = null;
HSSFRow targetRow = null;
HSSFCell sourceCell = null;
HSSFCell targetCell = null;
HSSFSheet sourceSheet = null;
HSSFSheet targetSheet = null;
Region region = null;
int cType;
int i;
int j;
int targetRowFrom;
int targetRowTo;
if ((pStartRow == -1) || (pEndRow == -1)) {
return;
}
sourceSheet = wb.getSheet(pSourceSheetName);
targetSheet = wb.getSheet(pTargetSheetName);
System.out.println(sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions());
// 拷贝合并的单元格
for (i = 0; i < sourceSheet.getNumMergedRegions(); i++) {
region = sourceSheet.getMergedRegionAt(i);
if ((region.getRowFrom() >= pStartRow) && (region.getRowTo() <= pEndRow)) {
targetRowFrom = region.getRowFrom() - pStartRow + pPosition;
targetRowTo = region.getRowTo() - pStartRow + pPosition;
region.setRowFrom(targetRowFrom);
region.setRowTo(targetRowTo);
targetSheet.addMergedRegion(region);
}
}
// 设置列宽
for (i = pStartRow; i <= pEndRow; i++) {
sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i);
if (sourceRow != null) {
for (j = sourceRow.getLastCellNum(); j > sourceRow.getFirstCellNum(); j--) {
targetSheet.setColumnWidth(j, sourceSheet.getColumnWidth(j));
targetSheet.setColumnHidden(j, false);
}
break;
}
}
// 拷贝行并填充数据
for (; i <= pEndRow; i++) {
sourceRow = sourceSheet.getRow(i);
if (sourceRow == null) {
continue;
}
targetRow = targetSheet.createRow(i - pStartRow + pPosition);
targetRow.setHeight(sourceRow.getHeight());
for (j = sourceRow.getFirstCellNum(); j < sourceRow.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); j++) {
sourceCell = sourceRow.getCell(j);
if (sourceCell == null) {
continue;
}
targetCell = targetRow.createCell(j);
targetCell.setCellStyle(sourceCell.getCellStyle());
cType = sourceCell.getCellType();
targetCell.setCellType(cType);
switch (cType) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getBooleanCellValue());
System.out.println("--------TYPE_BOOLEAN:" + targetCell.getBooleanCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
targetCell.setCellErrorValue(sourceCell.getErrorCellValue());
System.out.println("--------TYPE_ERROR:" + targetCell.getErrorCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
// parseFormula这个函数的用途在后面说明
targetCell.setCellFormula(parseFormula(sourceCell.getCellFormula()));
System.out.println("--------TYPE_FORMULA:" + targetCell.getCellFormula());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getNumericCellValue());
System.out.println("--------TYPE_NUMERIC:" + targetCell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
targetCell.setCellValue(sourceCell.getRichStringCellValue());
System.out.println("--------TYPE_STRING:" + i + targetCell.getRichStringCellValue());
break;
}
}
}
}
/**
* POI对Excel公式的支持是相当好的,但是有一个问题,如果公式里面的函数不带参数,比如now()或today(),
* 那么你通过getCellFormula()取出来的值就是now(ATTR(semiVolatile))和today(ATTR(semiVolatile)),
* 这样的值写入Excel是会出错的,这也是我上面copyRow的函数在写入公式前要调用parseFormula的原因,
* parseFormula这个函数的功能很简单,就是把ATTR(semiVolatile)删掉。
* @param pPOIFormula
* @return
*/
private static String parseFormula(String pPOIFormula) {
final String cstReplaceString = "ATTR(semiVolatile)"; //$NON-NLS-1$
StringBuffer result = null;
int index;
result = new StringBuffer();
index = pPOIFormula.indexOf(cstReplaceString);
if (index >= 0) {
result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(0, index));
result.append(pPOIFormula.substring(index + cstReplaceString.length()));
} else {
result.append(pPOIFormula);
}
return result.toString();
}
}