Android图片缓存之Lru算法
前言:
上篇我们总结了Bitmap的处理,同时对比了各种处理的效率以及对内存占用大小。我们得知一个应用如果使用大量图片就会导致OOM(out of memory),那该如何处理才能近可能的降低oom发生的概率呢?之前我们一直在使用SoftReference软引用,SoftReference是一种现在已经不再推荐使用的方式,因为从 Android 2.3 (API Level 9)开始,垃圾回收器会更倾向于回收持有软引用或弱引用的对象,这让软引用变得不再可靠,所以今天我们来认识一种新的缓存处理算法Lru,然后学习一下基于Lru的Lrucache、DiskLruCache 实现我们的图片缓存。
图片缓存相关博客地址:
Lru:
LRU是Least Recently Used 的缩写,翻译过来就是“最近最少使用”,LRU缓存就是使用这种原理实现,简单的说就是缓存一定量的数据,当超过设定的阈值时就把一些过期的数据删除掉,比如我们缓存10000条数据,当数据小于10000时可以随意添加,当超过10000时就需要把新的数据添加进来,同时要把过期数据删除,以确保我们最大缓存10000条,那怎么确定删除哪条过期数据呢,采用LRU算法实现的话就是将最老的数据删掉。
基于LruCache实现内存缓存:
1.)初始化MemoryCache
这里内存缓存的是Drawable 而不是Bitmap 理由是Drawable相对Bitmap来说有很大的内存优势
int maxMemory = (int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();//获取系统分配给应用的总内存大小 int mCacheSize = maxMemory / 8;//设置图片内存缓存占用八分之一 mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Drawable>(mCacheSize) { //必须重写此方法,来测量Bitmap的大小 @Override protected int sizeOf(String key, Drawable value) { if (value instanceof BitmapDrawable) { Bitmap bitmap = ((BitmapDrawable) value).getBitmap(); return bitmap == null ? 0 : bitmap.getByteCount(); } return super.sizeOf(key, value); } };
2.)添加一个Drawable到内存缓存
/** * 添加Drawable到内存缓存 * * @param key * @param drawable */ private void addDrawableToMemoryCache(String key, Drawable drawable) { if (getDrawableFromMemCache(key) == null && drawable != null) { mMemoryCache.put(key, drawable); } }
3.)从内存缓存中获取一个Drawable
/** * 从内存缓存中获取一个Drawable * * @param key * @return */ public Drawable getDrawableFromMemCache(String key) { return mMemoryCache.get(key); }
4.)从内存缓存中移除一个Drawable
/** * 从内存缓存中移除 * * @param key */ public void removeCacheFromMemory(String key) { mMemoryCache.remove(key); }
5.)清空内存缓存
/** * 清理内存缓存 */ public void cleanMemoryCCache() { mMemoryCache.evictAll(); }
其实Lru缓存机制本质上就是存储在一个LinkedHashMap存储,为了保障插入的数据顺序,方便清理。
基于DiskLruCache实现磁盘缓存:
DiskLruCache类并不是谷歌官方实现,需要自行下载,下载地址:https://github.com/JakeWharton/DiskLruCache
1.)初始化DiskLruCache
File cacheDir = context.getCacheDir();//指定的是数据的缓存地址 long diskCacheSize = 1024 * 1024 * 30;//最多可以缓存多少字节的数据 int appVersion = DiskLruUtils.getAppVersion(context);//指定当前应用程序的版本号 int valueCount = 1;//指定同一个key可以对应多少个缓存文件 try { mDiskCache = DiskLruCache.open(cacheDir, appVersion, valueCount, diskCacheSize); } catch (Exception ex) { }
2.)写入一个文件到磁盘缓存
/** * 添加Bitmap到磁盘缓存 * * @param key * @param value */ private void addBitmapToDiskCache(String key, byte[] value) { OutputStream out = null; try { DiskLruCache.Editor editor = mDiskCache.edit(key); if (editor != null) { out = editor.newOutputStream(0); if (value != null && value.length > 0) { out.write(value); out.flush(); editor.commit(); } else { editor.abort(); } } mDiskCache.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { DiskLruUtils.closeQuietly(out); } }
3.)从磁盘缓存中读取Drawable
/** * 从磁盘缓存中获取一个Drawable * * @param key * @return */ public Drawable getDrawableFromDiskCache(String key) { try { DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapShot = mDiskCache.get(key); if (snapShot != null) { InputStream is = snapShot.getInputStream(0); Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is); Drawable drawable = DiskLruUtils.bitmap2Drawable(bitmap); //从磁盘中读取到之后 加入内存缓存 addDrawableToMemoryCache(key, drawable); return drawable; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }
4.)从磁盘缓存中移除
/** * 从磁盘缓存中移除 * * @param key */ public void removeCacheFromDisk(String key) { try { mDiskCache.remove(key); } catch (Exception e) { } }
5.)清空磁盘缓存
/** * 清理磁盘缓存 */ public void cleanDiskCache() { try { mDiskCache.delete(); } catch (Exception e) { } }
图片下载过程:
接下来实例中用到了一点RxJava的知识有不了解RxJava的请自行了解一下。
1.)采用异步方式操作磁盘缓存和网络下载, 内存缓存可以在主线程中操作
public void disPlay(final ImageView imageView, String imageUrl) { //生成唯一key final String key = DiskLruUtils.hashKeyForDisk(imageUrl); //先从内存中读取 Drawable drawableFromMemCache = getDrawableFromMemCache(key); if (drawableFromMemCache != null) { imageView.setImageDrawable(drawableFromMemCache); return; } Observable.just(imageUrl) .map(new Func1<String, Drawable>() { @Override public Drawable call(String imageUrl) { // 参数类型 String //从磁盘中读取 Drawable drawableFromDiskCache = getDrawableFromDiskCache(key); if (drawableFromDiskCache != null) { return drawableFromDiskCache; } //网络下载 return download(imageUrl); // 返回类型 Drawable } }) .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) // 指定 subscribe() 发生在 IO 线程 .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) // 指定 Subscriber 的回调发生在主线程 .subscribe(new Action1<Drawable>() { @Override public void call(Drawable drawable) { // 参数类型 Drawable imageView.setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); }
2.)下载图片过程以及处理
private Drawable download(String imageUrl) { HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null; ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null; InputStream ins = null; try { final URL url = new URL(imageUrl); urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); ins = urlConnection.getInputStream(); bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int b; while ((b = ins.read()) != -1) { bos.write(b); } bos.flush(); byte[] bytes = bos.toByteArray(); Bitmap bitmap = DiskLruUtils.bytes2Bitmap(bytes); String key = DiskLruUtils.hashKeyForDisk(imageUrl); Drawable drawable = DiskLruUtils.bitmap2Drawable(bitmap); //加入内存缓存 addDrawableToMemoryCache(key, drawable); //加入磁盘缓存 addBitmapToDiskCache(key, bytes); return drawable; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (urlConnection != null) { urlConnection.disconnect(); } DiskLruUtils.closeQuietly(bos); DiskLruUtils.closeQuietly(ins); } return null; }
附上最终图片缓存单例简单实现全部代码以及DiskLruUtils工具类代码
ImageLoadManager.java
public class ImageLoadManager { private LruCache<String, Drawable> mMemoryCache;//内存缓存 private DiskLruCache mDiskCache;//磁盘缓存 private static ImageLoadManager mInstance;//获取图片下载单例引用 /** * 构造器 * * @param context */ private ImageLoadManager(Context context) { int maxMemory = (int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();//获取系统分配给应用的总内存大小 int mCacheSize = maxMemory / 8;//设置图片内存缓存占用八分之一 mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Drawable>(mCacheSize) { //必须重写此方法,来测量Bitmap的大小 @Override protected int sizeOf(String key, Drawable value) { if (value instanceof BitmapDrawable) { Bitmap bitmap = ((BitmapDrawable) value).getBitmap(); return bitmap == null ? 0 : bitmap.getByteCount(); } return super.sizeOf(key, value); } }; File cacheDir = context.getCacheDir();//指定的是数据的缓存地址 long diskCacheSize = 1024 * 1024 * 30;//最多可以缓存多少字节的数据 int appVersion = DiskLruUtils.getAppVersion(context);//指定当前应用程序的版本号 int valueCount = 1;//指定同一个key可以对应多少个缓存文件 try { mDiskCache = DiskLruCache.open(cacheDir, appVersion, valueCount, diskCacheSize); } catch (Exception ex) { } } /** * 获取单例引用 * * @return */ public static ImageLoadManager getInstance(Context context) { ImageLoadManager inst = mInstance; if (inst == null) { synchronized (RequestManager.class) { inst = mInstance; if (inst == null) { inst = new ImageLoadManager(context.getApplicationContext()); mInstance = inst; } } } return inst; } public void disPlay(final ImageView imageView, String imageUrl) { //生成唯一key final String key = DiskLruUtils.hashKeyForDisk(imageUrl); //先从内存中读取 Drawable drawableFromMemCache = getDrawableFromMemCache(key); if (drawableFromMemCache != null) { imageView.setImageDrawable(drawableFromMemCache); return; } Observable.just(imageUrl) .map(new Func1<String, Drawable>() { @Override public Drawable call(String imageUrl) { // 参数类型 String //从磁盘中读取 Drawable drawableFromDiskCache = getDrawableFromDiskCache(key); if (drawableFromDiskCache != null) { return drawableFromDiskCache; } //网络下载 return download(imageUrl); // 返回类型 Drawable } }) .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) // 指定 subscribe() 发生在 IO 线程 .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) // 指定 Subscriber 的回调发生在主线程 .subscribe(new Action1<Drawable>() { @Override public void call(Drawable drawable) { // 参数类型 Drawable imageView.setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } /** * 添加Drawable到内存缓存 * * @param key * @param drawable */ private void addDrawableToMemoryCache(String key, Drawable drawable) { if (getDrawableFromMemCache(key) == null && drawable != null) { mMemoryCache.put(key, drawable); } } /** * 从内存缓存中获取一个Drawable * * @param key * @return */ public Drawable getDrawableFromMemCache(String key) { return mMemoryCache.get(key); } /** * 从磁盘缓存中获取一个Drawable * * @param key * @return */ public Drawable getDrawableFromDiskCache(String key) { try { DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapShot = mDiskCache.get(key); if (snapShot != null) { InputStream is = snapShot.getInputStream(0); Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is); Drawable drawable = DiskLruUtils.bitmap2Drawable(bitmap); //从磁盘中读取到之后 加入内存缓存 addDrawableToMemoryCache(key, drawable); return drawable; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * 添加Bitmap到磁盘缓存 * * @param key * @param value */ private void addBitmapToDiskCache(String key, byte[] value) { OutputStream out = null; try { DiskLruCache.Editor editor = mDiskCache.edit(key); if (editor != null) { out = editor.newOutputStream(0); if (value != null && value.length > 0) { out.write(value); out.flush(); editor.commit(); } else { editor.abort(); } } mDiskCache.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { DiskLruUtils.closeQuietly(out); } } private Drawable download(String imageUrl) { HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null; ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null; InputStream ins = null; try { final URL url = new URL(imageUrl); urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); ins = urlConnection.getInputStream(); bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int b; while ((b = ins.read()) != -1) { bos.write(b); } bos.flush(); byte[] bytes = bos.toByteArray(); Bitmap bitmap = DiskLruUtils.bytes2Bitmap(bytes); String key = DiskLruUtils.hashKeyForDisk(imageUrl); Drawable drawable = DiskLruUtils.bitmap2Drawable(bitmap); //加入内存缓存 // addDrawableToMemoryCache(key, drawable); //加入磁盘缓存 addBitmapToDiskCache(key, bytes); return drawable; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (urlConnection != null) { urlConnection.disconnect(); } DiskLruUtils.closeQuietly(bos); DiskLruUtils.closeQuietly(ins); } return null; } /** * 从缓存中移除 * * @param key */ public void removeCache(String key) { removeCacheFromMemory(key); removeCacheFromDisk(key); } /** * 从内存缓存中移除 * * @param key */ public void removeCacheFromMemory(String key) { mMemoryCache.remove(key); } /** * 从磁盘缓存中移除 * * @param key */ public void removeCacheFromDisk(String key) { try { mDiskCache.remove(key); } catch (Exception e) { } } /** * 磁盘缓存大小 * * @return */ public long diskCacheSize() { return mDiskCache.size(); } /** * 内存缓存大小 * * @return */ public long memoryCacheSize() { return mMemoryCache.size(); } /** * 关闭磁盘缓存 */ public void closeDiskCache() { try { mDiskCache.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } } /** * 清理缓存 */ public void cleanCache() { cleanMemoryCCache(); cleanDiskCache(); } /** * 清理磁盘缓存 */ public void cleanDiskCache() { try { mDiskCache.delete(); } catch (Exception e) { } } /** * 清理内存缓存 */ public void cleanMemoryCCache() { mMemoryCache.evictAll(); } }
DiskLruUtils.java
final class DiskLruUtils { /** * 关闭输入输出流 */ public static void closeQuietly(/*Auto*/Closeable closeable) { if (closeable != null) { try { closeable.close(); } catch (RuntimeException rethrown) { throw rethrown; } catch (Exception ignored) { } } } /** * 获取versionCode */ public static int getAppVersion(Context context) { try { PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0); return info.versionCode; } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return 1; } public static String hashKeyForDisk(String key) { String cacheKey; try { final MessageDigest mDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); mDigest.update(key.getBytes()); cacheKey = bytesToHexString(mDigest.digest()); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { cacheKey = String.valueOf(key.hashCode()); } return cacheKey; } public static String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) { String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & bytes[i]); if (hex.length() == 1) { sb.append('0'); } sb.append(hex); } return sb.toString(); } /** * Bitmap → bytes */ public static byte[] bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm) { if (bm == null) { return null; } ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, baos); return baos.toByteArray(); } /** * bytes → Bitmap */ public static Bitmap bytes2Bitmap(byte[] bytes) { return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length); } /** * Drawable → Bitmap */ public static Bitmap drawable2Bitmap(Drawable drawable) { if (drawable == null) { return null; } // 取 drawable 的长宽 int w = drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(); int h = drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(); // 取 drawable 的颜色格式 Bitmap.Config config = drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565; // 建立对应 bitmap Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, config); // 建立对应 bitmap 的画布 Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap); drawable.setBounds(0, 0, w, h); // 把 drawable 内容画到画布中 drawable.draw(canvas); return bitmap; } /* * Bitmap → Drawable */ public static Drawable bitmap2Drawable(Bitmap bm) { if (bm == null) { return null; } BitmapDrawable bd = new BitmapDrawable(bm); bd.setTargetDensity(bm.getDensity()); return new BitmapDrawable(bm); } }
总结:
以上就是基于Lru图片缓存简单实现