Android图片缓存之Bitmap详解

前言:

      最近准备研究一下图片缓存框架,基于这个想法觉得还是先了解有关图片缓存的基础知识,今天重点学习一下Bitmap、BitmapFactory这两个类。

     图片缓存相关博客地址:

Bitmap:

     Bitmap是Android系统中的图像处理的最重要类之一。用它可以获取图像文件信息,进行图像剪切、旋转、缩放等操作,并可以指定格式保存图像文件。

 重要函数

  •  public void recycle() // 回收位图占用的内存空间,把位图标记为Dead

  •  public final boolean isRecycled() //判断位图内存是否已释放  

  •  public final int getWidth()//获取位图的宽度 

  •  public final int getHeight()//获取位图的高度

  •  public final boolean isMutable()//图片是否可修改 

  •  public int getScaledWidth(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的宽度 

  •  public int getScaledHeight(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的高度 

  • public boolean compress(CompressFormat format, int quality, OutputStream stream)//按指定的图片格式以及画质,将图片转换为输出流。 

    format:Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG或Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG 

    quality:画质,0-100.0表示最低画质压缩,100以最高画质压缩。对于PNG等无损格式的图片,会忽略此项设置。

  • public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap src) //以src为原图生成不可变得新图像 

  • public static Bitmap createScaledBitmap(Bitmap src, int dstWidth, int dstHeight, boolean filter)//以src为原图,创建新的图像,指定新图像的高宽以及是否可变。 

  • public static Bitmap createBitmap(int width, int height, Config config)——创建指定格式、大小的位图 

  • public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap source, int x, int y, int width, int height)以source为原图,创建新的图片,指定起始坐标以及新图像的高宽。

BitmapFactory工厂类:

    Option 参数类:
  • public boolean inJustDecodeBounds//如果设置为true,不获取图片,不分配内存,但会返回图片的高度宽度信息。

  • public int inSampleSize//图片缩放的倍数

  • public int outWidth//获取图片的宽度值

  • public int outHeight//获取图片的高度值 

  • public int inDensity//用于位图的像素压缩比 

  • public int inTargetDensity//用于目标位图的像素压缩比(要生成的位图) 

  • public byte[] inTempStorage //创建临时文件,将图片存储

  • public boolean inScaled//设置为true时进行图片压缩,从inDensity到inTargetDensity

  • public boolean inDither //如果为true,解码器尝试抖动解码

  • public Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig //设置解码器

  • public String outMimeType //设置解码图像

  • public boolean inPurgeable//当存储Pixel的内存空间在系统内存不足时是否可以被回收

  • public boolean inInputShareable //inPurgeable为true情况下才生效,是否可以共享一个InputStream

  • public boolean inPreferQualityOverSpeed  //为true则优先保证Bitmap质量其次是解码速度

  • public boolean inMutable //配置Bitmap是否可以更改,比如:在Bitmap上隔几个像素加一条线段

  • public int inScreenDensity //当前屏幕的像素密度

  工厂方法:
  • public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName, Options opts) //从文件读取图片 

  • public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName)

  • public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is) //从输入流读取图片

  • public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is, Rect outPadding, Options opts)

  • public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id) //从资源文件读取图片

  • public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id, Options opts) 

  • public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length) //从数组读取图片

  • public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length, Options opts)

  • public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd)//从文件读取文件 与decodeFile不同的是这个直接调用JNI函数进行读取 效率比较高

  • public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd, Rect outPadding, Options opts)

  Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig :

     枚举变量 (位图位数越高代表其可以存储的颜色信息越多,图像越逼真,占用内存越大)

  • public static final Bitmap.Config ALPHA_8 //代表8位Alpha位图        每个像素占用1byte内存
  • public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_4444 //代表16位ARGB位图  每个像素占用2byte内存
  • public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_8888 //代表32位ARGB位图  每个像素占用4byte内存
  • public static final Bitmap.Config RGB_565 //代表8位RGB位图          每个像素占用2byte内存
     Android中一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存主要和以下几个因数有关:图片长度,图片宽度,单位像素占用的字节数。一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存=图片长度*图片宽度*单位像素占用的字节数

图片读取实例:

   1.)从文件读取方式一
   /**
     * 获取缩放后的本地图片
     *
     * @param filePath 文件路径
     * @param width    宽
     * @param height   高
     * @return
     */
    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromFile(String filePath, int width, int height) {
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;
        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
            } else {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
            }
        }

        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;

        return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
    }
 2.)从文件读取方式二 效率高于方式一
/**
     * 获取缩放后的本地图片
     *
     * @param filePath 文件路径
     * @param width    宽
     * @param height   高
     * @return
     */
    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromFileDescriptor(String filePath, int width, int height) {
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
            BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
            BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(), null, options);
            float srcWidth = options.outWidth;
            float srcHeight = options.outHeight;
            int inSampleSize = 1;

            if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
                if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {
                    inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
                } else {
                    inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
                }
            }

            options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
            options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;

            return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(), null, options);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
        }
        return null;
    }

测试同样生成10张图片两种方式耗时比较 cpu使用以及内存占用两者相差无几 第二种方式效率高一点 所以建议优先采用第二种方式

      start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
            BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromFile(filePath, 400, 400);
        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeFile--time-->" + (end - start));

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
           BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromFileDescriptor(filePath, 400, 400);
        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeFileDescriptor--time-->" + (end - start));

3.)从输入流中读取文件
  /**
     * 获取缩放后的本地图片
     *
     * @param ins    输入流
     * @param width  宽
     * @param height 高
     * @return
     */
    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromInputStream(InputStream ins, int width, int height) {
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);
        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;
        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
            } else {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
            }
        }

        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;

        return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);
    }
4.)从资源文件中读取文件 
    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromResource(Resources resources, int resourcesId, int width, int height) {
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);
        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;
        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
            } else {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
            }
        }

        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;

        return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);
    }

 此种方式相当的耗费内存 建议采用decodeStream代替decodeResource 可以如下形式

    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromResource(Resources resources, int resourcesId, int width, int height) {
        InputStream ins = resources.openRawResource(resourcesId);
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);
        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;
        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
            } else {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
            }
        }

        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;

        return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);
    }

decodeStream、decodeResource占用内存对比:

 start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
            BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner, 400, 400);
            Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeResource--num-->" + i);
        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeResource--time-->" + (end - start));

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
            BitmapUtils.readBitmapFromResource1(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner, 400, 400);
            Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeStream--num-->" + i);
        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory decodeStream--time-->" + (end - start));

BitmapFactory.decodeResource 加载的图片可能会经过缩放,该缩放目前是放在 java 层做的,效率比较低,而且需要消耗 java 层的内存。因此,如果大量使用该接口加载图片,容易导致OOM错误

BitmapFactory.decodeStream 不会对所加载的图片进行缩放,相比之下占用内存少,效率更高。

这两个接口各有用处,如果对性能要求较高,则应该使用 decodeStream;如果对性能要求不高,且需要 Android 自带的图片自适应缩放功能,则可以使用 decodeResource。

5. )从二进制数据读取图片
public static Bitmap readBitmapFromByteArray(byte[] data, int width, int height) {
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);
        float srcWidth = options.outWidth;
        float srcHeight = options.outHeight;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {
            if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);
            } else {
                inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);
            }
        }

        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;

        return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);
    }
6.)从assets文件读取图片
  /**
     * 获取缩放后的本地图片
     *
     * @param filePath 文件路径
     * @return
     */
    public static Bitmap readBitmapFromAssetsFile(Context context, String filePath) {
        Bitmap image = null;
        AssetManager am = context.getResources().getAssets();
        try {
            InputStream is = am.open(filePath);
            image = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
            is.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return image;
    }

图片保存文件:

    public static void writeBitmapToFile(String filePath, Bitmap b, int quality) {
        try {
            File desFile = new File(filePath);
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(desFile);
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            b.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, quality, bos);
            bos.flush();
            bos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

图片压缩:

    private static Bitmap compressImage(Bitmap image) {
        if (image == null) {
            return null;
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos);
            byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
            ByteArrayInputStream isBm = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(isBm);
            return bitmap;
        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
        } finally {
            try {
                if (baos != null) {
                    baos.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

图片缩放:

    /**
     * 根据scale生成一张图片
     *
     * @param bitmap
     * @param scale  等比缩放值
     * @return
     */
    public static Bitmap bitmapScale(Bitmap bitmap, float scale) {
        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
        matrix.postScale(scale, scale); // 长和宽放大缩小的比例
        Bitmap resizeBmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), matrix, true);
        return resizeBmp;
    }

获取图片旋转角度:

 /**
     * 读取照片exif信息中的旋转角度
     *
     * @param path 照片路径
     * @return角度
     */
    private static int readPictureDegree(String path) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
            return 0;
        }
        int degree = 0;
        try {
            ExifInterface exifInterface = new ExifInterface(path);
            int orientation = exifInterface.getAttributeInt(ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION, ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_NORMAL);
            switch (orientation) {
                case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90:
                    degree = 90;
                    break;
                case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180:
                    degree = 180;
                    break;
                case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270:
                    degree = 270;
                    break;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        return degree;
    }

图片旋转角度:

    private static Bitmap rotateBitmap(Bitmap b, float rotateDegree) {
        if (b == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
        matrix.postRotate(rotateDegree);
        Bitmap rotaBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(b, 0, 0, b.getWidth(), b.getHeight(), matrix, true);
        return rotaBitmap;
    }

图片转二进制:

    public byte[] bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm) {
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, baos);
        return baos.toByteArray();
    }

Bitmap转Drawable

  public static Drawable bitmapToDrawable(Resources resources, Bitmap bm) {
        Drawable drawable = new BitmapDrawable(resources, bm);
        return drawable;
    }

Drawable转Bitmap

    public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable) {
        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());
        drawable.draw(canvas);
        return bitmap;
    }

Drawable、Bitmap占用内存探讨

之前一直使用过Afinal 和Xutils 熟悉这两框架的都知道,两者出自同一人,Xutils是Afina的升级版,AFinal中的图片内存缓存使用的是Bitmap 而后来为何Xutils将内存缓存的对象改成了Drawable了呢?我们一探究竟

写个测试程序:

        List<Bitmap> bitmaps = new ArrayList<>();
        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapUtils.readBitMap(this, R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner);
            bitmaps.add(bitmap);
            Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Bitmap--num-->" + i);
        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Bitmap--time-->" + (end - start));

        List<Drawable> drawables = new ArrayList<>();
        
        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {
            Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner);
            drawables.add(drawable);
            Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Drawable--num-->" + i);
        }
        end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Drawable--time-->" + (end - start));

测试数据1000 同一张图片

 Bitmap 直接70条数据的时候挂掉

Drawable 轻松1000条数据通过

从测试说明Drawable 相对Bitmap有很大的内存占用优势。这也是为啥现在主流的图片缓存框架内存缓存那一层采用Drawable作为缓存对象的原因。

小结:

    图片处理就暂时学习到这里,以后再做补充。

posted on 2016-05-31 22:07  总李写代码  阅读(24576)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报