背水一战 Windows 10 (4) - UI: 多窗口
背水一战 Windows 10 (4) - UI: 多窗口
作者：webabcd
介绍
背水一战 Windows 10 之 UI
- 多窗口
示例
1、自定义帮助类，用于简化 SecondaryView 的管理
UI/MultipleViews/SecondaryViewHelper.cs
/* * SecondaryViewHelper - 自定义的一个帮助类，用于简化 SecondaryView 的管理 */ using System; using System.ComponentModel; using Windows.UI.Core; using Windows.UI.ViewManagement; namespace Windows10.UI.MultipleViews { public class SecondaryViewHelper : INotifyPropertyChanged { // for INotifyPropertyChanged public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; // 当前 SecondaryView 的 CoreDispatcher private CoreDispatcher _dispatcher; // 当前 SecondaryView 的 ApplicationView private ApplicationView _applicationView; // 当前 SecondaryView 的标题 private string _title; // 当前 SecondaryView 的窗口标识 private int _viewId; // 当前 SecondaryView 被引用的次数 private int _refCount = 0; // 当前 SecondaryView 是否已经被释放 private bool _released = false; // 禁止通过 new 实例化 private SecondaryViewHelper(CoreWindow newWindow) { _dispatcher = newWindow.Dispatcher; _viewId = ApplicationView.GetApplicationViewIdForWindow(newWindow); _applicationView = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView(); RegisterForEvents(); } // 实例化 SecondaryViewHelper public static SecondaryViewHelper CreateForCurrentView() { /* * CoreWindow.GetForCurrentThread() - 获取当前窗口的 CoreWindow */ return new SecondaryViewHelper(CoreWindow.GetForCurrentThread()); } private void RegisterForEvents() { /* * ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView() - 获取当前窗口的 ApplicationView * ApplicationView.Consolidated - 当前 app 存活着两个或两个以上的窗口时，此窗口关闭后触发的事件 */ ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().Consolidated += SecondaryViewHelper_Consolidated; } private void UnregisterForEvents() { ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().Consolidated -= SecondaryViewHelper_Consolidated; } private void SecondaryViewHelper_Consolidated(ApplicationView sender, ApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs args) { StopViewInUse(); } // 当前 SecondaryView 开始使用了（与 StopViewInUse() 成对） // 因为每一个窗口都可以被同 app 的别的窗口调用，而每一个窗口又都是一个独立的线程，所以要做好线程处理 public int StartViewInUse() { bool releasedCopy = false; int refCountCopy = 0; lock (this) { releasedCopy =_released; if (!_released) { refCountCopy = ++_refCount; } } if (releasedCopy) { throw new InvalidOperationException("this view is being disposed"); } return refCountCopy; } // 当前 SecondaryView 结束使用了（与 StartViewInUse() 成对） // 因为每一个窗口都可以被同 app 的别的窗口调用，而每一个窗口又都是一个独立的线程，所以要做好线程处理 public int StopViewInUse() { int refCountCopy = 0; bool releasedCopy = false; lock (this) { releasedCopy = _released; if (!_released) { refCountCopy = --_refCount; if (refCountCopy == 0) { // 当前 SecondaryView 不再被任何人需要了，清理之 var task = _dispatcher.RunAsync(CoreDispatcherPriority.Low, FinalizeRelease); } } } if (releasedCopy) { throw new InvalidOperationException("this view is being disposed"); } return refCountCopy; } // 清理当前 SecondaryView private void FinalizeRelease() { bool justReleased = false; lock (this) { if (_refCount == 0) { justReleased = true; _released = true; } } if (justReleased) { UnregisterForEvents(); // 触发 Released 事件 OnReleased(EventArgs.Empty); } } // 定义 Released 事件 public event EventHandler<EventArgs> Released; protected virtual void OnReleased(EventArgs e) { EventHandler<EventArgs> handler = Released; if (handler != null) handler(this, e); } public int Id { get { return _viewId; } } public string Title { get { return _title; } set { if (_title != value) { _title = value; if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(Title))); } } } } public bool IsReleased { get { return _released; } } public ApplicationView ApplicationView { get { return _applicationView; } } } }
2、扩展 Application 对象，定义一些需要用到的全局变量
UI/MultipleViews/AppPartial.cs
/* * 扩展 Application 对象，定义一些需要用到的全局变量 */ using Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation; using Windows.UI.Core; using Windows.UI.ViewManagement; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10 { public partial class App { // PrimaryView 的 CoreDispatcher private CoreDispatcher _mainDispatcher; // PrimaryView 的窗口标识 private int _mainViewId; // partial method，实现了 App.xaml.cs 中的声明 partial void OnLaunched_MultipleViews(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args) { _mainDispatcher = Window.Current.Dispatcher; _mainViewId = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().Id; } public CoreDispatcher MainDispatcher { get { return _mainDispatcher; } } public int MainViewId { get { return _mainViewId; } } } }
3、用于演示 SecondaryView 的示例
UI/MultipleViews/SecondaryViewPage.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.UI.MultipleViews.SecondaryViewPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI.MultipleViews" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> <Button Name="btnGoToMain" Content="切换到主窗口" Click="btnGoToMain_Click" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> <Button Name="btnGoToMainAndHideThisView" Content="切换到主窗口，并关闭此窗口" Click="btnGoToMainAndHideThisView_Click" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
UI/MultipleViews/SecondaryViewPage.xaml.cs
/* * 演示“多窗口”相关知识点。本页是 SecondaryView */ using System; using System.ComponentModel; using Windows.ApplicationModel.Core; using Windows.UI.Core; using Windows.UI.ViewManagement; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation; namespace Windows10.UI.MultipleViews { public sealed partial class SecondaryViewPage : Page { private SecondaryViewHelper _secondaryViewHelper; public SecondaryViewPage() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e) { _secondaryViewHelper = (SecondaryViewHelper)e.Parameter; _secondaryViewHelper.Released += _secondaryViewHelper_Released; // 设置当前窗口的 Title ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().Title = _secondaryViewHelper.Title; _secondaryViewHelper.PropertyChanged += _secondaryViewHelper_PropertyChanged; } private void _secondaryViewHelper_PropertyChanged(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e) { if (e.PropertyName == nameof(_secondaryViewHelper.Title)) { _secondaryViewHelper.ApplicationView.Title = _secondaryViewHelper.Title; } } private async void _secondaryViewHelper_Released(object sender, EventArgs e) { ((SecondaryViewHelper)sender).Released -= _secondaryViewHelper_Released; await ((App)App.Current).MainDispatcher.RunAsync(CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () => { // 调用主窗口线程，执行逻辑 }); Window.Current.Close(); } private async void btnGoToMain_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { _secondaryViewHelper.StartViewInUse(); /* * ApplicationViewSwitcher.SwitchAsync() - 切换到指定的窗口 */ await ApplicationViewSwitcher.SwitchAsync ( ((App)App.Current).MainViewId // 准备显示的窗口的 id ); _secondaryViewHelper.StopViewInUse(); } private async void btnGoToMainAndHideThisView_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { _secondaryViewHelper.StartViewInUse(); /* * ApplicationViewSwitcher.SwitchAsync() - 切换到指定的窗口 */ await ApplicationViewSwitcher.SwitchAsync ( ((App)App.Current).MainViewId, // 准备显示的窗口的 id ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().Id, // 调用者的窗口 id ApplicationViewSwitchingOptions.ConsolidateViews // 切换行为选项（Default - 标准动画切换; SkipAnimation - 不使用动画切换; ConsolidateViews - 切换后关闭调用者窗口） ); _secondaryViewHelper.StopViewInUse(); } } }
4、用于演示 PrimaryView 的示例
UI/MultipleViews/Demo.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.UI.MultipleViews.Demo" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI.MultipleViews" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> <Button Name="btnShow" Content="创建并显示一个新的窗口" Click="btnShow_Click" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> <Button Name="btnChangeLastSecondaryViewTitle" Content="修改最近一个被我打开的 SecondaryView 的 Title" Click="btnChangeLastSecondaryViewTitle_Click" Margin="0 10 0 0" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
UI/MultipleViews/Demo.xaml.cs
/* * 演示“多窗口”相关知识点。本页是 PrimaryView * * * 解释一下本例中用于说明的几个名词：PrimaryView - 主窗口; SecondaryView - 新开窗口 */ using System; using Windows.ApplicationModel.Core; using Windows.UI.Core; using Windows.UI.ViewManagement; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.UI.MultipleViews { public sealed partial class Demo : Page { // 自定义的用于简化 SecondaryView 管理的帮助类 SecondaryViewHelper _secondaryViewHelper = null; public Demo() { this.InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += Demo_Loaded; } private void Demo_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { ApplicationView.PreferredLaunchWindowingMode = ApplicationViewWindowingMode.Auto; } private async void btnShow_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { /* * CoreApplication.CreateNewView() - 创建一个新的 SecondaryView（只是新建一个 SecondaryView 实例，并不会显示出来） */ await CoreApplication.CreateNewView().Dispatcher.RunAsync(CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () => { _secondaryViewHelper = SecondaryViewHelper.CreateForCurrentView(); _secondaryViewHelper.Title = "i am secondary view"; _secondaryViewHelper.StartViewInUse(); var frame = new Frame(); frame.Navigate(typeof(SecondaryViewPage), _secondaryViewHelper); Window.Current.Content = frame; Window.Current.Activate(); // 这里通过 ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView() 获取到的是新开窗口的 ApplicationView 对象 ApplicationView secondaryView = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView(); }); try { _secondaryViewHelper.StartViewInUse(); /* * ApplicationViewSwitcher.TryShowAsStandaloneAsync() - 在当前窗口的相邻位置显示另一个窗口 */ ApplicationViewSwitcher.DisableShowingMainViewOnActivation(); var viewShown = await ApplicationViewSwitcher.TryShowAsStandaloneAsync ( _secondaryViewHelper.Id, // 需要显示的 SecondaryView 的窗口 id ViewSizePreference.Default, // 需要显示的 SecondaryView 的尺寸首选项（经测试，此参数无效） ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().Id, // 调用者的窗口 id ViewSizePreference.Default // 调用者的尺寸首选项（经测试，此参数无效） ); if (!viewShown) { lblMsg.Text = "显示 SecondaryView 失败"; } _secondaryViewHelper.StopViewInUse(); } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text = ex.ToString(); } } // 修改最近一个被我打开的 SecondaryView 的 Title private void btnChangeLastSecondaryViewTitle_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (_secondaryViewHelper != null && !_secondaryViewHelper.IsReleased) _secondaryViewHelper.Title = new Random().Next().ToString(); } } }
OK
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