[Asp.net 5] Localization-Asp.net运行时多语言
本节介绍的是Microsoft.AspNet.Localization工程。该工程是运行在Asp.net 5环境中的运行时多语言设置。
ASP.net 5中间件技术
在新的Asp.net 5中,可以将组件组册到asp.net环境中。注册是通过接口IApplicationBuilder的扩展方法实现的。
public static IApplicationBuilder UseMiddleware(this IApplicationBuilder builder, Type middleware, params object[] args)
[该扩展方法通过可变参数args传递所需要的参数以及外的RequestDelegate(delegate Task RequestDelegate(HttpContext context))类型(系统会在内部给该类型参数赋值)。创建Type(middleware)类型实例。之后调用Type(middleware)的Invoke方法,不过和构造函数不同的是,当Invoke方法参数大于一个时,参数全部来自于以来注入,而不是args]
通过IApplicationBuilder注入的中间件,必须有一个方法是Invoke,Invoke方法的参数是可变参数,长度不受限制,系统会从asp.net的反转控制中获取参数;系统之后会调用该Invoke方法。[此处有疑问:为啥不定义成包含invoke方法的接口,更加面向对象]
我们在Microsoft.AspNet.Localization工程中可以找到俩个类:
- IApplicationBuilderExtensions 中间注册方法,在Microsoft.AspNet.Localization工程中的实现。
- RequestLocalizationMiddleware 中间件类,是Microsoft.AspNet.Localization的入口。
public static class IApplicationBuilderExtensions { public static IApplicationBuilder UseRequestLocalization([NotNull] this IApplicationBuilder builder) { var options = new RequestLocalizationOptions(); return UseRequestLocalization(builder, options); } public static IApplicationBuilder UseRequestLocalization( [NotNull] this IApplicationBuilder builder, [NotNull] RequestLocalizationOptions options) => builder.UseMiddleware<RequestLocalizationMiddleware>(options); }
public class RequestLocalizationMiddleware { private readonly RequestDelegate _next; private readonly RequestLocalizationOptions _options; public RequestLocalizationMiddleware([NotNull] RequestDelegate next, [NotNull] RequestLocalizationOptions options) { _next = next; _options = options; } public async Task Invoke([NotNull] HttpContext context) { var requestCulture = _options.DefaultRequestCulture ?? new RequestCulture(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture); IRequestCultureProvider winningProvider = null; if (_options.RequestCultureProviders != null) { foreach (var provider in _options.RequestCultureProviders) { var result = await provider.DetermineRequestCulture(context); if (result != null) { requestCulture = result; winningProvider = provider; break; } } } context.SetFeature<IRequestCultureFeature>(new RequestCultureFeature(requestCulture, winningProvider)); SetCurrentThreadCulture(requestCulture); await _next(context); } private static void SetCurrentThreadCulture(RequestCulture requestCulture) { #if DNX451 Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = requestCulture.Culture; Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = requestCulture.UICulture; #else CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = requestCulture.Culture; CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture = requestCulture.UICulture; #endif } }
注册前的参数RequestLocalizationOptions
在IApplicationBuilderExtensions中,我们对于中间件RequestLocalizationMiddleware注册时,需要传入RequestLocalizationOptions类型的实例,大多数时候传入的都是默认的无参实例。
我们看RequestLocalizationOptions类只有4个属性,代码如下:
public class RequestLocalizationOptions { public RequestLocalizationOptions() { DefaultRequestCulture = new RequestCulture(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture); RequestCultureProviders = new List<IRequestCultureProvider> { new QueryStringRequestCultureProvider { Options = this }, new CookieRequestCultureProvider { Options = this }, new AcceptLanguageHeaderRequestCultureProvider { Options = this } }; } public RequestCulture DefaultRequestCulture { get; set; } public IList<CultureInfo> SupportedCultures { get; set; } public IList<CultureInfo> SupportedUICultures { get; set; } public IList<IRequestCultureProvider> RequestCultureProviders { get; set; } }
我们看到在无参的构造函数中,系统初始化了DefaultRequestCulture和RequestCultureProviders。系统会遍历RequestCultureProviders寻找适应的语言,当找不到合适的语言时,使用DefaultRequestCulture。
- RequestCultureProviders:默认初始化三种多语言提供源:queryString、cookie、acceptHeader。
- SupportedCultures:系统支持的语言
- SupportedUICultures:系统支持的UI语言
- DefaultRequestCulture:默认的语言源
[当我们需要自定义RequestCultureProvider时,我们有俩种方式,自定义类继承类RequestCultureProvider(或者直接继承接口IRequestCultureProvider),或者将CustomRequestCultureProvider注册到RequestCultureProviders中,并在CustomRequestCultureProvider类构造函数中注册Task<RequestCulture>方法]
注册时的顺序
系统是按照RequestLocalizationOptions中RequestCultureProviders的顺序获取合适的语言,如果没有则使用DefaultRequestCulture。默认情况,系统会根据queryString、cookie、acceptHeader(默认最多取前三项语言)的顺序读取<是短路算法>。
注册后的RequestCultureFeature
Asp.net5 的运行时环境Context可以注册不同类型的参数,所以系统最后注册了IRequestCultureFeature接口的实例。
context.SetFeature<IRequestCultureFeature>(new RequestCultureFeature(requestCulture, winningProvider));
整体结构
整个工程的文件可以用以下结构表示: