框架----Django内置Admin
Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:
1 依赖APP: 2 django.contrib.auth 3 django.contrib.contenttypes 4 django.contrib.messages 5 django.contrib.sessions 6 7 模板的context_processors: 8 django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth 9 django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages 10 11 中间件: 12 django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware 13 django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
一、配置路由
1 urlpatterns = [ 2 url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), 3 ]
当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:
/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/
/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/
二、定制Admin
在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:
1 admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:
1 方式一: 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) 4 5 admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表 6 7 8 方式二: 9 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表 10 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 11 list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如
1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') 4 5 def xxxxx(self, obj): 6 return "xxxxx"
2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') 4 list_display_links = ('pwd',)
3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。
1 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ 2 3 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 4 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 5 list_display = ('user', 'pwd') 6 7 class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter): 8 title = _('decade born') 9 parameter_name = 'xxxxxx' 10 11 def lookups(self, request, model_admin): 12 """ 13 显示筛选选项 14 :param request: 15 :param model_admin: 16 :return: 17 """ 18 return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title') 19 20 def queryset(self, request, queryset): 21 """ 22 点击查询时,进行筛选 23 :param request: 24 :param queryset: 25 :return: 26 """ 27 v = self.value() 28 return queryset.filter(ug=v) 29 30 list_filter = ('user',Ugg,)
4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related
5. 分页相关
1 # 分页,每页显示条数 2 list_per_page = 100 3 4 # 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部) 5 list_max_show_all = 200 6 7 # 分页插件 8 paginator = Paginator
6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',) 4 list_editable = ('ug',)
7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 4 search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')
8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 4 date_hierarchy = 'ctime'
9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件
10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”
11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑
1 save_as_continue = True 2 3 # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。 4 # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。 5 6 New in Django 1.10.
12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮
13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
1 class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline 2 extra = 0 3 model = models.UserInfo 4 5 6 class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin): 7 list_display = ('id', 'title',) 8 inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]
14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 4 # 定制Action行为具体方法 5 def func(self, request, queryset): 6 print(self, request, queryset) 7 print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action')) 8 9 func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions" 10 actions = [func, ] 11 12 # Action选项都是在页面上方显示 13 actions_on_top = True 14 # Action选项都是在页面下方显示 15 actions_on_bottom = False 16 17 # 是否显示选择个数 18 actions_selection_counter = True
15. 定制HTML模板
1 add_form_template = None 2 change_form_template = None 3 change_list_template = None 4 delete_confirmation_template = None 5 delete_selected_confirmation_template = None 6 object_history_template = None
16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 4 raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)
17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 fields = ('user',)
18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 exclude = ('user',)
19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 readonly_fields = ('user',)
20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 fieldsets = ( 4 ('基本数据', { 5 'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',) 6 }), 7 ('其他', { 8 'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty' 9 'fields': ('user', 'pwd'), 10 }), 11 )
21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)
22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 ordering = ('-id',) 4 或 5 def get_ordering(self, request): 6 return ['-id', ]
23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
1 view_on_site = False 2 或 3 def view_on_site(self, obj): 4 return 'https://www.baidu.com'
24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
1 2 radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL
25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total) 4 # show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all) 5 search_fields = ('user',)
26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件
1 from django.forms import widgets 2 from django.utils.html import format_html 3 4 class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget): 5 def __init__(self, attrs=None): 6 # Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box 7 default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'} 8 if attrs: 9 default_attrs.update(attrs) 10 super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs) 11 12 def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): 13 if value is None: 14 value = '' 15 final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) 16 return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value) 17 18 19 20 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 21 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 22 23 formfield_overrides = { 24 models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea}, 25 }
27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 4 prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}
PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充
28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
1 from app01 import models 2 from django.forms import ModelForm 3 from django.forms import fields 4 5 6 class MyForm(ModelForm): 7 others = fields.CharField() 8 9 class Meta: 10 model = models = models.UserInfo 11 fields = "__all__" 12 13 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 14 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 15 16 form = MyForm
29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
1 @admin.register(models.UserInfo) 2 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): 3 empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示" 4 5 list_display = ('user','pwd','up') 6 7 def up(self,obj): 8 return obj.user 9 up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"