在 Ubuntu 18.04 安装 Tomcat 并添加到开机启动

目的：用最清晰的方式，添加 Tomcat 开机启动。

wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.41/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.41.tar.gz # 下载压缩包
sudo apt install -y default-jdk # 安装 JDK
sudo useradd -r -m -U -d /opt/tomcat -s /bin/false tomcat # 同时创建tomcat用户、tomcat用户组、/opt/tomcat文件夹
sudo tar -xf apache-tomcat-*.tar.gz -C /opt/tomcat --strip-components=1 # 解压
sudo chown -R tomcat: /opt/tomcat # 更改目录所有者和组，不要省略冒号
sudo sh -c 'chmod +x /opt/tomcat/bin/*.sh' # 添加执行权限

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service # 添加开机启动
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat servlet container
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat

Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java"
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.security.egd=file:///dev/urandom -Djava.awt.headless=true"
Environment="CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat"
Environment="CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat"
Environment="CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid"
Environment="CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC"

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start tomcat
sudo systemctl enable tomcat