1)#service postgresql start
2)#/etc/init.d/postgresql start
3)#su postgresql
$ pg_ctl start
PostgreSQL的进程号:1210、1207、
服务启动：
1)#service mysqld start
2)#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
3)#safe_mysqld&
第一次进入数据库：
#su – postgres
$createdb （建名为postgres的数据库）
$psql
第一次进入数据库：
#mysql
mysql> (出现这个提示符说明成功)
创建用户：(用户Ajian，密码：123)
#su – postgres
$ psql
=#create user ajian with password ‘123’
创建用户：(用户Ajian，密码：123)
#grant all privileges on *.* to ajian@"%" identified by "123"
(注意：同还可以分配权限，这里是ALL)
创建数据库(My)：
#su – postgres
$psql
=#create database My with owner = ajian template = template1 encoding=’UNICODE’;
创建数据库(My)：
1)#mysql
Mysql>create database My;
2)#mysqladmin create My
查看用户和数据库：
#su – postgres
$ psql
=#\l (查看数据库)
=#\du (查看用户)
查看用户和数据库：
1)#mysql
Mysql>show databases; (看数据库)
2)#mysqlshow
新建用户登录：
（首先修改配置文件）
# vi /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf(在最后加)
host all all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 md5
再重启服务：#service postgresql restart
登录：#psql –h 127.0.0.1 –U ajian My
Password:
新建用户登录：
1)#mysql –u ajian –p (带口令登录)
2)#mysql
Mysql>use My;
(不带口令登录一般用于本机)
创建表(employee)：
=#create table employee(
(#employee_id int primary key,
(#name char(8),
(#sex char(2));
创建表：
>create table employee(
->employee_id int primary key,
->name char(8),
->sex char(2));
查看表：
=#\dt
查看表：
>show tables;
查看表的结构：
=#\d employee
查看表的结构：
>sescribe employee;
向表中添加数据：
=#insert into employee values
-#(‘1’,’zhang’,’F’);
-#(‘2’,’chen’,’M’,);
向表中添加数据：
>insert into employee values
->(‘1’,’zhang’,’F’);
->(‘2’,’chen’,’M’,);
查看表的数据：
=#select * from emlpoyee
查看表的数据：
>select * from emlpoyee;
创建索引(IN_employee)：
=#create index IN_employee on employee(name);
查看索引：
=#\di
删除索引：
=#drop index IN_employee on employee;
重建索引：
=#reindex table employee;(重建employee所有的)
=#reindex index IN_employee;(重建指定的)
创建索引(IN_employee)：
1)>create index IN_employee on employee(name);
2)>alter table employee add index IN_employee(name);
查看索引：
>show index from employee;
删除索引：
1)>drop index IN_employee on employee;
2)>alter table emlpoyee drop index IN_employee;
=#drop table employee;
删除表：
>drop table employee;
删除数据库：(注意命令前面的标志)
1)=#drop database ajian;
2)$dropdb ajian
删除数据库：(注意命令前面的标志)
1）>drop database ajian;
2)#mysqladmin drop ajian
最近学习PGSQL。来比较一下他和MYSQL自增字段的不同点。
1、自增序列。MYSQL从最后一个ID自增。
测试数据。
1, I love this girl.
2, I hate this girl.
3, She is my girl.
4, She is your girl.
MYSQL：
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> create table t(id int not null auto_increment primary key,
-> username char(20) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> load data infile '/tmp/test.sql' into table t fields terminated by ',';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t;
+----+-------------------+
| id | username |
+----+-------------------+
| 1 | I love this girl. |
| 2 | I hate this girl. |
| 3 | She is my girl. |
| 4 | She is your girl. |
+----+-------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t values (6,'This is inserted');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t(username) values('This is last');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t;
+----+-------------------+
| id | username |
+----+-------------------+
| 1 | I love this girl. |
| 2 | I hate this girl. |
| 3 | She is my girl. |
| 4 | She is your girl. |
| 6 | This is inserted |
| 7 | This is last |
+----+-------------------+
mysql> truncate table t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t(username) values('This is last');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t(username) values('This is last');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t(username) values('This is last');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t;
+----+--------------+
| id | username |
+----+--------------+
| 1 | This is last |
| 2 | This is last |
| 3 | This is last |
+----+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PGSQL从1开始逐个尝试。
[root@localhost ~]# psql -Upostgres -hlocalhost
。。。
postgres=# create database test;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c test
You are now connected to database "test".
test=# create table t(id serial not null,username char(20) not null);
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "t_id_seq" for serial column "t.id"
CREATE TABLE
test=# \d t;
Table "public.t"
Column | Type | Modifiers
----------+---------------+------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('t_id_seq'::regclass)
username | character(20) | not null
test=# copy t from '/tmp/test.sql' with csv;
COPY 4
test=# select * from t;
id | username
----+----------------------
1 | I love this girl.
2 | I hate this girl.
3 | She is my girl.
4 | She is your girl.
(4 rows)
test=# insert into t values (6,'This is inserted');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
ID1重复
ERROR: duplicate key violates unique constraint "t_pkey"
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
ID2重复
ERROR: duplicate key violates unique constraint "t_pkey"
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
。。。
ID5没有。插入
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
ID6又重复
ERROR: duplicate key violates unique constraint "t_pkey"
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
...
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# select * from t;
id | username
----+----------------------
1 | I love this girl.
2 | I hate this girl.
3 | She is my girl.
4 | She is your girl.
6 | This is inserted
5 | This is last
7 | This is last
8 | This is last
9 | This is last
(9 rows)
看一下DELETE操作。
test=# delete from t;
DELETE 9
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# select * from t;
id | username
----+----------------------
10 | This is last
11 | This is last
12 | This is last
(3 rows)
这个和MYSQL一样的。
TRUNCATE虽然和MYSQL一样可以快速清空表数据。可是ID还是从最后一个开始增加的，如果想从１开始的话，就得用setval函数来设置。
test=# truncate table t;
TRUNCATE TABLE
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is last');
INSERT 0 1
test=# select * from t;
id | username
----+----------------------
13 | This is last
14 | This is last
15 | This is last
(3 rows)
至于怎么从1重新开始。还在学习中。。。
2、得到刚刚插入的自增ID。
在MYSQL里面：
mysql> truncate table t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t(username) values('This is last');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select last_insert_id();
+------------------+
| last_insert_id() |
+------------------+
| 1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在POSTGRESQL里面：
test=# drop table t
test-# ;
DROP TABLE
test=# create table t(id serial not null primary key,username char(20) not null);
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "t_id_seq" for serial column "t.id"
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "t_pkey" for table "t"
CREATE TABLE
test=# \d t
Table "public.t"
Column | Type | Modifiers
----------+---------------+------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('t_id_seq'::regclass)
username | character(20) | not null
Indexes:
"t_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
test=# insert into t(username) values('This is test name');
INSERT 0 1
test=# select * from t;
id | username
----+----------------------
1 | This is test name
(1 row)
test=# select currval('t_id_seq');
currval
---------
1
(1 row)
test=#
3、设置自增ID的开始值。
MYSQL:
mysql> alter table t auto_increment = 3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> insert into t(username) values('This is last');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t;
+----+--------------+
| id | username |
+----+--------------+
| 1 | This is last |
| 3 | This is last |
+----+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
POSTGRESQL:
t_girl=# select setval('t_id_seq',1,false);
setval
--------
1
(1 row)
Time: 19.554 ms
t_girl=# insert into t(username) values('wangwei'),('meimei');
INSERT 0 2
Time: 1.882 ms
t_girl=# select * from t;
id | username
----+----------------------
1 | wangwei
2 | meimei
(2 rows)
Time: 0.598 ms
