【译】MVC3 20个秘方-(12)改变图片的大小生成缩略图
问题
你允许用户上传一个图片,但是传统的来说,这个图片一般是从一个camera输出的,这个图片太大。所以你想展现一个简单的图片或者缩略图。在你的网站允许用户在他看到完整图片之前先预览缩略图(译者:这是一个很好的用户体验)。
解决方案
使用以下几个类去更新现有的文件上传功能去调整图片:FileStream, Image, Bitmap,和Graphics 类去指定宽度和高度。
讨论
在下面的例子,以前创建的FileUpload类将得到更新和重组。创建一个新的功能,称为ResizeImage执行调整图片大小。调整大小后的图像将被保存在以前的文件夹的子文件夹中,名为(thumbnail)缩略图。 DeleteFile函数也被更新,同时删除缩略图和原始图像,并创建一个新的函数,并调用了两次删除功能
为了避免重复代码。下面是FileUpload类的代码:
译者:下边标红的代码是我加上去的。这样我们可以把图片和缩略图存到我们项目的文件夹下。否则他会存到:C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\DevServer\10.0\目录下。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
namespace MvcApplication.Utils
{
public static class FileUpload
{
public static char DirSeparator = Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
public static string FilesPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(string.Format("Content{0}Uploads{1}", DirSeparator, DirSeparator));
public static string UploadFile(HttpPostedFileBase file)
{
// Check if we have a file
if (null == file) return "";
// Make sure the file has content
if (!(file.ContentLength > 0)) return "";
string fileName = file.FileName;
string fileExt = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName);
// Make sure we were able to determine a proper
// extension
if (null == fileExt) return "";
// Check if the directory we are saving to exists
if (!Directory.Exists(FilesPath))
{
// If it doesn't exist, create the directory
Directory.CreateDirectory(FilesPath);
}
// Set our full path for saving
string path = FilesPath + DirSeparator + fileName;
// Save our file
file.SaveAs(Path.GetFullPath(path));
// Save our thumbnail as well
ResizeImage(file, 150, 100);
// Return the filename
return fileName;
}
public static void DeleteFile(string fileName)
{
// Don't do anything if there is no name
if (fileName.Length == 0) return;
// Set our full path for deleting
string path = FilesPath + DirSeparator + fileName;
string thumbPath = FilesPath + DirSeparator +
"Thumbnails" + DirSeparator + fileName;
RemoveFile(path);
RemoveFile(thumbPath);
}
private static void RemoveFile(string path)
{
// Check if our file exists
if (File.Exists(Path.GetFullPath(path)))
{
// Delete our file
File.Delete(Path.GetFullPath(path));
}
}
public static void ResizeImage(HttpPostedFileBase file, int width, int height)
{
string thumbnailDirectory =
String.Format(@"{0}{1}{2}", FilesPath,
DirSeparator, "Thumbnails");
// Check if the directory we are saving to exists
if (!Directory.Exists(thumbnailDirectory))
{
// If it doesn't exist, create the directory
Directory.CreateDirectory(thumbnailDirectory);
}
// Final path we will save our thumbnail
string imagePath =
String.Format(@"{0}{1}{2}", thumbnailDirectory,
DirSeparator, file.FileName);
// Create a stream to save the file to when we're
// done resizing
FileStream stream = new FileStream(Path.GetFullPath(
imagePath), FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
// Convert our uploaded file to an image
Image OrigImage = Image.FromStream(file.InputStream);
// Create a new bitmap with the size of our
// thumbnail
Bitmap TempBitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
// Create a new image that contains quality
// information
Graphics NewImage = Graphics.FromImage(TempBitmap);
NewImage.CompositingQuality =
CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
NewImage.SmoothingMode =
SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
NewImage.InterpolationMode =
InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
// Create a rectangle and draw the image
Rectangle imageRectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0,
width, height);
NewImage.DrawImage(OrigImage, imageRectangle);
// Save the final file
TempBitmap.Save(stream, OrigImage.RawFormat);
// Clean up the resources
NewImage.Dispose();
TempBitmap.Dispose();
OrigImage.Dispose();
stream.Close();
stream.Dispose();
}
}
}
上边的例子做了很多事,特别是在ResizeImage函数。
首先,如果缩略图目录不存在,它将被创建。接下来,一个新的FileStream会根据缩略图存放的完整路径被创建用于编辑。
原上传的图像根据uploaded的InputStream被转换为Image类的对象。一个新的位图会被根据图图像的宽度和高度创建。接下来用这个位图去创建一个新的Graphics对象。Graphics对象,NewImage,用于设置和定义质量,表面光滑,插补模式。如果没有这些设置,缩略图会不会好看非常像素化和调整笨拙。
一旦都设置好了,一个新的矩形被创建并且原始图像被画到Graphics中。这是执行实际的调整大小。最后保存位图和所有创建的对象的处置,以释放资源。
另请参见
FileStream, Image, Bitmap, and Graphics