LightOJ1348 树链剖分

 简单题，看题目就懂。

#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#define INF 99999999
#define ll __int64
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 30010;
struct node
{
    int to;
    int v;
    int next;
}edge[MAXN*3];
int pre[MAXN],ind,top[MAXN],fa[MAXN],son[MAXN],w[MAXN],deq[MAXN],siz[MAXN],fn;
int tree[MAXN<<2],val[MAXN],n;
void add(int x,int y)
{
    edge[ind].to = y;
    edge[ind].next = pre[x];
    pre[x] = ind++;
}

//第一次搜索找出siz[],son[],deq[],fa[]
void dfs1(int rt,int pa,int d)
{
    deq[rt] = d;
    son[rt] = 0;
    fa[rt] = pa;
    siz[rt] = 1;
    int i;
    for(i=pre[rt]; i!=-1; i=edge[i].next){
        int t = edge[i].to;
        if(t != fa[rt]){
            dfs1(t,rt,d+1);
            siz[rt] += siz[t];
            if(siz[son[rt]] < siz[t]){//如果父节点的son[rt]的iz[]小于子节点的siz[]更新son[]
                son[rt] = t;
            }
        }
    }
}

//第二次搜索找到w[],top[]
void dfs2(int rt,int tp)
{
    top[rt] = tp;
    w[rt] = ++fn;

    if(son[rt] != 0)
        dfs2(son[rt],tp);//如果当前父节点纯在son 那么为了让链在线段树中连续 先对son[]进行搜索，并且重边顶端的点相同。

    for(int i=pre[rt]; i!=-1; i=edge[i].next){
        int t = edge[i].to;
        if(t != fa[rt] && son[rt] != t){
            dfs2(t,t);
        }
    }
}

/******************************/

void pushup(int rt)
{
    tree[rt] = tree[rt<<1]+tree[rt<<1|1];
}
void Insert(int p,int v,int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if(l == r){
        tree[rt] = v;
        return ;
    }
    int m = (l+r)/2;
    if(m >= p){
        Insert(p,v,lson);
    }
    else{
        Insert(p,v,rson);
    }
    pushup(rt);
}
void updata(int p,int v,int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if(l == r){
        tree[rt] = v;
        return ;
    }
    int m = (l+r)/2;
    if(m >= p){
        updata(p,v,lson);
    }
    else {
        updata(p,v,rson);
    }
    pushup(rt);
}
int query(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if(L<=l && r<=R){
        return tree[rt];
    }
    int m = (l+r)/2;
    int ans = 0;
    if(m >= L){
        ans += query(L,R,lson);
    }
    if(m < R){
        ans += query(L,R,rson);
    }
    return ans;
}
int lca(int x,int y)
{
    int ans = 0;
    while(top[x] != top[y])
    {
        if(deq[top[x]] < deq[top[y]]){
            swap(x,y);
        }
        ans += query(w[top[x]],w[x],1,fn,1);

        x = fa[top[x]];
    }

    //注意线段和点之间的差别

    if(deq[x] < deq[y]){
        swap(x,y);
    }
    return ans+query(w[y],w[x],1,fn,1);
}
int main()
{
    int i,j,t,ff = 0;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        scanf("%d",&n);
        for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
            scanf("%d",&val[i]);
        }
        ind = 1;
        memset(pre,-1,sizeof(pre));
        for(i=1; i<n; i++){

            int x,y;
            scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
            add(x+1,y+1);
            add(y+1,x+1);
        }
        memset(tree,0,sizeof(tree));
        dfs1(1,1,1);
        fn = 0;
        dfs2(1,1);

        for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
            Insert(w[i],val[i],1,fn,1);
        }

        int ft;
        scanf("%d",&ft);
        printf("Case %d:\n",++ff);
        while(ft--)
        {
            int flag;
            scanf("%d",&flag);
            if(flag == 1){
                int x,y;
                scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
                x++;
                updata(w[x],y,1,fn,1);
            }
            else {
                int x,y;
                scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
                x++;
                y++;
                printf("%d\n",lca(x,y));
            }
        }
    }
}