Java 线程 — ThreadPoolExecutor
线程池
线程池处理流程
- 核心线程池:创建新线程执行任务,需要获取全局锁
- 队列:将新来的任务加入队列
- 线程池:大于corePoolSize,并且队列已满,小于maxPoolSize,创建新的worker执行任务
- 线程池已满(达到max)处理策略:大于线程最大处理能力,大于maxPoolSize,选择拒绝策略
尽可能避免获取全局锁,corePoolSize就是这个作用,线程池开始处理任务,预热达到corePoolSize之后,将新来的任务放入队列
execute
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
// ctl是一个AtomInteger,低29为表示线程数workerCount,高3位表示线程池运行状态runState
int c = ctl.get();
// 当前前程数小于核心线程数corePoolSize,新建核心线程处理任务
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
// 第二个参数为true表示新建的核心线程
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
// 如果超过核心线程数,则尝试放入队列中
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
// 如果放入队列失败(队列已满),则新建线程处理任务,第二个参数为false表示新建的是非核心线程
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
// 如果已经超过最大线程数,采取相应的拒绝策略
reject(command);
}
// 第一个参数是需要运行的任务
// 第二个参数是为了区分核心线程和非核心线程,用来确定线程池的边界是corePoolSize还是maxPoolSize
// 本方法的作用就是新建一个worker线程并启动
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
firstTask == null &&
! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
// 循环确保CAS操作成功
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
// 成功增加workerCount则跳出外层循环,开始新建线程
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
}
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
// 新建worker线程
w = new Worker(firstTask);
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
// 可重入锁,加锁
mainLock.lock();
try {
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
// 将新建的线程放入线程池中,其实就是一个HashSet
workers.add(w);
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
if (workerAdded) {
// 如果成功加入线程池则启动线程
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (! workerStarted)
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
// 返回线程是否启动成功
return workerStarted;
}
创建线程
// 在addWorker中新建线程
w = new Worker(firstTask);
// Worker的构造方法
Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
this.firstTask = firstTask;
this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
}
// 这里以ThreadFactory的一个实现DefaultThreadFactory为例
DefaultThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
// 新建一个线程组,线程池中所有线程都由线程组统一管理
group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "pool-" +
poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
"-thread-";
}
// 新建线程
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
// 新建的线程属于线程组group,r为Worker对象
Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
0);
if (t.isDaemon())
t.setDaemon(false);
if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
return t;
}
线程池中的worker线程执行任务
// 在addWorker中会启动worker线程
if (workerAdded) {
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
// 线程启动之后会执行worker的run方法
// 调用外部类ThreadPoolExecutor的runWorker方法
public void run() {
runWorker(this);
}
// runWorker,worker线程循环执行来自workerQueue的任务(除firstTask外)
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
// 新建线程以后会执行第一个任务,新建Worker线程的时候传入的任务
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
// worker不断从workerQueue中getTask执行,
// 如果没有获取任务并且返回,则while循环结束,worker线程结束
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
w.lock();
// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This
// requires a recheck in second case to deal with
// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
// 调用run方法执行
task.run();
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}
// 从workerQueue中获取task,workerQueue是BlockingQueue
// 如果返回null,则会导致worker线程结束
private Runnable getTask() {
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
decrementWorkerCount();
return null;
}
// 决定没有任务的时候线程是结束还是等待任务
boolean timed; // Are workers subject to culling?
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
// 当allowCoreThreadTimeOut为true或者当前线程数大于核心线程数的时候timed为true
// allowCoreThreadTimeOut为true:允许线程没有任务的时候超时退出
// wc > corePoolSize:表示当前线程数足够,可以结束,以维持核心线程数
timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
if (wc <= maximumPoolSize && ! (timedOut && timed))
break;
if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
return null;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
try {
// workQueue.poll:等待keepAliveTime纳秒之后,如果获取到则返回任务,否则返回null
// workQueue.take:如果没有获取到任务,线程会一直阻塞,直到被唤醒(什么时候会被唤醒:新加入task的时候,poll后队列中元素数依然大于1个,队列中元素数等于capacity),所以take如果返回的话一定是非空的
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
workQueue.take();
if (r != null)
return r;
timedOut = true;
} catch (InterruptedException retry) {
timedOut = false;
}
}
}
线程池满之后的拒绝策略
CallerRunsPolicy
直接在调用线程池所在的线程运行(调用)
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
// 直接调用run方法
r.run();
}
}
AbortPolicy
throw Exception
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
" rejected from " +
e.toString());
}
DiscardPolicy
直接丢弃,不做任何操作
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
}
DiscardOldestPolicy
丢弃最老任务的策略
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
// 移除第一个任务,也就是最老(最先进来的)任务
e.getQueue().poll();
// 执行当前传入的任务
e.execute(r);
}
}
问题
线程池的“池”体现在哪里
- 平时使用线程都是直接继承Thread然后,调用start,然后Thread.start通过native调用创建新的线程并回调自己定义的run方法,所以每次调用一次run方法都需要新建一个线程
- 线程池就是,启动一个线程(Worker)调用完一个run(直接调用,不再通过Thread.start)方法之后并不会立即退出,会运行在队列中等待的其他run方法(这里是循环,从队列中获取),如果队列中没有需要继续运行的线程则当前worker线程会休眠