thymeleaf学习
一.简单表达格式: thymeleaf的官方参考文档
1.变量的表达式：${...}
2.选择变量表达式：*{...}
3.信息表达:#{...}
4.链接URL表达式:@{...}
二.字面值
1.文本文字：'one text', 'Another one!',…
2.文字数量：0, 34, 3.0, 12.3,…
3.布尔型常量：true, false
4.空的文字：null
5.文字标记：one, sometext, main,…
四：文本处理
1.字符串并置：+
2.文字替换：|The name is ${name}|
五.表达基本对象
1.#ctx:上下文对象
2.#vars:上下文变量
3.#locale:上下文语言环境
4.#httpServletRequest:(只有在Web上下文)HttpServletRequest对象
5.#httpSession:(只有在Web上下文)HttpSession对象。
用法：
<span th:text="${#locale.country}">US</span>.
六.实用表达对象
#dates: java.util的实用方法。对象:日期格式、组件提取等.#calendars: 类似于#日期,但对于java.util。日历对象#numbers: 格式化数字对象的实用方法。#strings:字符串对象的实用方法:包含startsWith,将/附加等。#objects: 实用方法的对象。#bools: 布尔评价的实用方法。#arrays: 数组的实用方法。#lists: list集合。#sets:set集合。#maps: map集合。#aggregates: 实用程序方法用于创建聚集在数组或集合.#messages: 实用程序方法获取外部信息内部变量表达式,以同样的方式,因为他们将获得使用# {…}语法#ids: 实用程序方法来处理可能重复的id属性(例如,由于迭代)。Dates #dates : utility methods for java.util.Date objects: /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Dates * ====================================================================== */ /* * Null-safe toString() */ ${#strings.toString(obj)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Format date with the standard locale format * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#dates.format(date)} ${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray)} ${#dates.listFormat(datesList)} ${#dates.setFormat(datesSet)} /* * Format date with the specified pattern * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#dates.format(date, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} ${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} ${#dates.listFormat(datesList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} ${#dates.setFormat(datesSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} /* * Obtain date properties * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#dates.day(date)} // also arrayDay(...), listDay(...), etc. ${#dates.month(date)} // also arrayMonth(...), listMonth(...), etc. ${#dates.monthName(date)} // also arrayMonthName(...), listMonthName(...), etc. ${#dates.monthNameShort(date)} // also arrayMonthNameShort(...), listMonthNameShort(...), etc. ${#dates.year(date)} // also arrayYear(...), listYear(...), etc. ${#dates.dayOfWeek(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeek(...), listDayOfWeek(...), etc. ${#dates.dayOfWeekName(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekName(...), listDayOfWeekName(...), etc. ${#dates.dayOfWeekNameShort(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekNameShort(...), listDayOfWeekNameShort(...), etc. ${#dates.hour(date)} // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc. ${#dates.minute(date)} // also arrayMinute(...), listMinute(...), etc. ${#dates.second(date)} // also arraySecond(...), listSecond(...), etc. ${#dates.millisecond(date)} // also arrayMillisecond(...), listMillisecond(...), etc. /* * Create date (java.util.Date) objects from its components */ ${#dates.create(year,month,day)} ${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute)} ${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)} ${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond)} /* * Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date and time */ ${#dates.createNow()} /* * Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date (time set to 00:00) */ ${#dates.createToday()} Calendars #calendars : analogous to #dates, but for java.util.Calendar objects: /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Calendars * ====================================================================== */ /* * Format calendar with the standard locale format * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#calendars.format(cal)} ${#calendars.arrayFormat(calArray)} ${#calendars.listFormat(calList)} ${#calendars.setFormat(calSet)} /* * Format calendar with the specified pattern * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#calendars.format(cal, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} ${#calendars.arrayFormat(calArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} ${#calendars.listFormat(calList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} ${#calendars.setFormat(calSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')} /* * Obtain calendar properties * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#calendars.day(date)} // also arrayDay(...), listDay(...), etc. ${#calendars.month(date)} // also arrayMonth(...), listMonth(...), etc. ${#calendars.monthName(date)} // also arrayMonthName(...), listMonthName(...), etc. ${#calendars.monthNameShort(date)} // also arrayMonthNameShort(...), listMonthNameShort(...), etc. ${#calendars.year(date)} // also arrayYear(...), listYear(...), etc. ${#calendars.dayOfWeek(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeek(...), listDayOfWeek(...), etc. ${#calendars.dayOfWeekName(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekName(...), listDayOfWeekName(...), etc. ${#calendars.dayOfWeekNameShort(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekNameShort(...), listDayOfWeekNameShort(...), etc. ${#calendars.hour(date)} // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc. ${#calendars.minute(date)} // also arrayMinute(...), listMinute(...), etc. ${#calendars.second(date)} // also arraySecond(...), listSecond(...), etc. ${#calendars.millisecond(date)} // also arrayMillisecond(...), listMillisecond(...), etc. /* * Create calendar (java.util.Calendar) objects from its components */ ${#calendars.create(year,month,day)} ${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute)} ${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)} ${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond)} /* * Create a calendar (java.util.Calendar) object for the current date and time */ ${#calendars.createNow()} /* * Create a calendar (java.util.Calendar) object for the current date (time set to 00:00) */ ${#calendars.createToday()} Numbers #numbers : utility methods for number objects: /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Numbers * ====================================================================== */ /* * ========================== * Formatting integer numbers * ========================== */ /* * Set minimum integer digits. * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3)} ${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3)} ${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3)} ${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3)} /* * Set minimum integer digits and thousands separator: * 'POINT', 'COMMA', 'NONE' or 'DEFAULT' (by locale). * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3,'POINT')} ${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3,'POINT')} ${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3,'POINT')} ${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3,'POINT')} /* * ========================== * Formatting decimal numbers * ========================== */ /* * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits. * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2)} ${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2)} ${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2)} ${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2)} /* * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also decimal separator. * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2,'COMMA')} ${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2,'COMMA')} ${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2,'COMMA')} ${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2,'COMMA')} /* * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also thousands and * decimal separator. * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')} ${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')} ${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')} ${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')} /* * ========================== * Utility methods * ========================== */ /* * Create a sequence (array) of integer numbers going * from x to y */ ${#numbers.sequence(from,to)} ${#numbers.sequence(from,to,step)} Strings #strings : utility methods for String objects: /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Strings * ====================================================================== */ /* * Check whether a String is empty (or null). Performs a trim() operation before check * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.isEmpty(name)} ${#strings.arrayIsEmpty(nameArr)} ${#strings.listIsEmpty(nameList)} ${#strings.setIsEmpty(nameSet)} /* * Perform an 'isEmpty()' check on a string and return it if false, defaulting to * another specified string if true. * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.defaultString(text,default)} ${#strings.arrayDefaultString(textArr,default)} ${#strings.listDefaultString(textList,default)} ${#strings.setDefaultString(textSet,default)} /* * Check whether a fragment is contained in a String * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.contains(name,'ez')} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.containsIgnoreCase(name,'ez')} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Check whether a String starts or ends with a fragment * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.startsWith(name,'Don')} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.endsWith(name,endingFragment)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Substring-related operations * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.indexOf(name,frag)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.substring(name,3,5)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.substringAfter(name,prefix)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.substringBefore(name,suffix)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.replace(name,'las','ler')} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Append and prepend * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.prepend(str,prefix)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.append(str,suffix)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Change case * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.toUpperCase(name)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.toLowerCase(name)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Split and join */ ${#strings.arrayJoin(namesArray,',')} ${#strings.listJoin(namesList,',')} ${#strings.setJoin(namesSet,',')} ${#strings.arraySplit(namesStr,',')} // returns String[] ${#strings.listSplit(namesStr,',')} // returns List<String> ${#strings.setSplit(namesStr,',')} // returns Set<String> /* * Trim * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.trim(str)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Compute length * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.length(str)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Abbreviate text making it have a maximum size of n. If text is bigger, it * will be clipped and finished in "..." * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#strings.abbreviate(str,10)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Convert the first character to upper-case (and vice-versa) */ ${#strings.capitalize(str)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.unCapitalize(str)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Convert the first character of every word to upper-case */ ${#strings.capitalizeWords(str)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.capitalizeWords(str,delimiters)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Escape the string */ ${#strings.escapeXml(str)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.escapeJava(str)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.escapeJavaScript(str)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.unescapeJava(str)} // also array*, list* and set* ${#strings.unescapeJavaScript(str)} // also array*, list* and set* /* * Null-safe comparison and concatenation */ ${#strings.equals(str)} ${#strings.equalsIgnoreCase(str)} ${#strings.concat(str)} ${#strings.concatReplaceNulls(str)} /* * Random */ ${#strings.randomAlphanumeric(count)} Objects #objects : utility methods for objects in general /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Objects * ====================================================================== */ /* * Return obj if it is not null, and default otherwise * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#objects.nullSafe(obj,default)} ${#objects.arrayNullSafe(objArray,default)} ${#objects.listNullSafe(objList,default)} ${#objects.setNullSafe(objSet,default)} Booleans #bools : utility methods for boolean evaluation /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Bools * ====================================================================== */ /* * Evaluate a condition in the same way that it would be evaluated in a th:if tag * (see conditional evaluation chapter afterwards). * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#bools.isTrue(obj)} ${#bools.arrayIsTrue(objArray)} ${#bools.listIsTrue(objList)} ${#bools.setIsTrue(objSet)} /* * Evaluate with negation * Also works with arrays, lists or sets */ ${#bools.isFalse(cond)} ${#bools.arrayIsFalse(condArray)} ${#bools.listIsFalse(condList)} ${#bools.setIsFalse(condSet)} /* * Evaluate and apply AND operator * Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter */ ${#bools.arrayAnd(condArray)} ${#bools.listAnd(condList)} ${#bools.setAnd(condSet)} /* * Evaluate and apply OR operator * Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter */ ${#bools.arrayOr(condArray)} ${#bools.listOr(condList)} ${#bools.setOr(condSet)} Arrays #arrays : utility methods for arrays /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Arrays * ====================================================================== */ /* * Converts to array, trying to infer array component class. * Note that if resulting array is empty, or if the elements * of the target object are not all of the same class, * this method will return Object[]. */ ${#arrays.toArray(object)} /* * Convert to arrays of the specified component class. */ ${#arrays.toStringArray(object)} ${#arrays.toIntegerArray(object)} ${#arrays.toLongArray(object)} ${#arrays.toDoubleArray(object)} ${#arrays.toFloatArray(object)} ${#arrays.toBooleanArray(object)} /* * Compute length */ ${#arrays.length(array)} /* * Check whether array is empty */ ${#arrays.isEmpty(array)} /* * Check if element or elements are contained in array */ ${#arrays.contains(array, element)} ${#arrays.containsAll(array, elements)} Lists #lists : utility methods for lists /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Lists * ====================================================================== */ /* * Converts to list */ ${#lists.toList(object)} /* * Compute size */ ${#lists.size(list)} /* * Check whether list is empty */ ${#lists.isEmpty(list)} /* * Check if element or elements are contained in list */ ${#lists.contains(list, element)} ${#lists.containsAll(list, elements)} /* * Sort a copy of the given list. The members of the list must implement * comparable or you must define a comparator. */ ${#lists.sort(list)} ${#lists.sort(list, comparator)} Sets #sets : utility methods for sets /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Sets * ====================================================================== */ /* * Converts to set */ ${#sets.toSet(object)} /* * Compute size */ ${#sets.size(set)} /* * Check whether set is empty */ ${#sets.isEmpty(set)} /* * Check if element or elements are contained in set */ ${#sets.contains(set, element)} ${#sets.containsAll(set, elements)} Maps #maps : utility methods for maps /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Maps * ====================================================================== */ /* * Compute size */ ${#maps.size(map)} /* * Check whether map is empty */ ${#maps.isEmpty(map)} /* * Check if key/s or value/s are contained in maps */ ${#maps.containsKey(map, key)} ${#maps.containsAllKeys(map, keys)} ${#maps.containsValue(map, value)} ${#maps.containsAllValues(map, value)} Aggregates #aggregates : utility methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Aggregates * ====================================================================== */ /* * Compute sum. Returns null if array or collection is empty */ ${#aggregates.sum(array)} ${#aggregates.sum(collection)} /* * Compute average. Returns null if array or collection is empty */ ${#aggregates.avg(array)} ${#aggregates.avg(collection)} Messages #messages : utility methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{...} syntax. /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Messages * ====================================================================== */ /* * Obtain externalized messages. Can receive a single key, a key plus arguments, * or an array/list/set of keys (in which case it will return an array/list/set of * externalized messages). * If a message is not found, a default message (like '??msgKey??') is returned. */ ${#messages.msg('msgKey')} ${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1)} ${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1, param2)} ${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1, param2, param3)} ${#messages.msgWithParams('msgKey', new Object[] {param1, param2, param3, param4})} ${#messages.arrayMsg(messageKeyArray)} ${#messages.listMsg(messageKeyList)} ${#messages.setMsg(messageKeySet)} /* * Obtain externalized messages or null. Null is returned instead of a default * message if a message for the specified key is not found. */ ${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey')} ${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1)} ${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1, param2)} ${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1, param2, param3)} ${#messages.msgOrNullWithParams('msgKey', new Object[] {param1, param2, param3, param4})} ${#messages.arrayMsgOrNull(messageKeyArray)} ${#messages.listMsgOrNull(messageKeyList)} ${#messages.setMsgOrNull(messageKeySet)} IDs #ids : utility methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration). /* * ====================================================================== * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Ids * ====================================================================== */ /* * Normally used in th:id attributes, for appending a counter to the id attribute value * so that it remains unique even when involved in an iteration process. */ ${#ids.seq('someId')} /* * Normally used in th:for attributes in <label> tags, so that these labels can refer to Ids * generated by means if the #ids.seq(...) function. * * Depending on whether the <label> goes before or after the element with the #ids.seq(...) * function, the "next" (label goes before "seq") or the "prev" function (label goes after * "seq") function should be called. */ ${#ids.next('someId')} ${#ids.prev('someId')}
七.thymeleaf的$和*的区别:
<div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div>
这等同于如下方式：
<div> <p>Name: <span th:text="${session.user.firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="${session.user.lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="${session.user.nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div>
也可以混用,如下:
<div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="${session.user.lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div>
当一个对象的选择,选择的对象将也可用美元作为#对象表达变量表达式：
<div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="${#object.firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="${session.user.lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div>
如果没有执行对象选择,美元和星号语法是完全等价的:
<div> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{session.user.name}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{session.user.surname}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{session.user.nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div>
