代码改变世界

$.ajax 跨域请求 Web Api

2014-08-23 10:18  stoneniqiu  阅读(4802)  评论(8编辑  收藏  举报

      WepApi确实方便好用,没有配置文件,一个apicontroller直接可以干活了。但今天用$.ajax跨域请求的时候总是获取不到数据,用fiddler一看确实抓到了数据,但回到$.ajax函数中,直接触发了error,没有触发success,即使状态码是200。用apiclient或者浏览器直接访问都是ok的。搜罗一番。最终在这篇文章上面找到答案 。http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/windowsdesktop/Implementing-CORS-support-a677ab5d

原因

     在默认情况下,为防止CSRF跨站伪造攻击,一个网页从另外一个域的网页获取数据的时候就会受到限制。有一些方法可以突破这个限制,JSONP就是其一。它使用<script> 标签加一个回调函数。但JSONP 只支持Get方法。而CORS(Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) 跨域资源共享,是一种新的header规范,可以让服务器端放松跨域的限制,可以根据header来切换限制或不限制跨域请求。它支持所有的Http请求方式。跨域的资源请求带有一个Http header:Origin,如果服务器支持CORS,响应就会带有一个header:Access-Control-Allow-Origin ,也有一些特殊的请求。采用 HTTP “OPTIONS” 的方式,hearder中带有Access-Control-Request-Method或Access-Control-Request-Headers,服务器响应的hearder中需要带有Access-Control-Allow-Methods,Access-Control-Allow-Headers才行。

实现 

    那怎么实现CORS呢,这用到了Message Handler。它可以在管道中拦截并修改Request,代码如下:

 public class CorsHandler : DelegatingHandler
    {
        const string Origin = "Origin";
        const string AccessControlRequestMethod = "Access-Control-Request-Method";
        const string AccessControlRequestHeaders = "Access-Control-Request-Headers";
        const string AccessControlAllowOrigin = "Access-Control-Allow-Origin";
        const string AccessControlAllowMethods = "Access-Control-Allow-Methods";
        const string AccessControlAllowHeaders = "Access-Control-Allow-Headers";

        protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            bool isCorsRequest = request.Headers.Contains(Origin);
            bool isPreflightRequest = request.Method == HttpMethod.Options;
            if (isCorsRequest)
            {
                if (isPreflightRequest)
                {
                    return Task.Factory.StartNew<HttpResponseMessage>(() =>
                    {
                        HttpResponseMessage response = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK);
                        response.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowOrigin, request.Headers.GetValues(Origin).First());

                        string accessControlRequestMethod = request.Headers.GetValues(AccessControlRequestMethod).FirstOrDefault();
                        if (accessControlRequestMethod != null)
                        {
                            response.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowMethods, accessControlRequestMethod);
                        }

                        string requestedHeaders = string.Join(", ", request.Headers.GetValues(AccessControlRequestHeaders));
                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(requestedHeaders))
                        {
                            response.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowHeaders, requestedHeaders);
                        }

                        return response;
                    }, cancellationToken);
                }
                else
                {
                    return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken).ContinueWith<HttpResponseMessage>(t =>
                    {
                        HttpResponseMessage resp = t.Result;
                        resp.Headers.Add(AccessControlAllowOrigin, request.Headers.GetValues(Origin).First());
                        return resp;
                    });
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
            }
        }
    }

然后在Global中加入:

 protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
             GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.MessageHandlers.Add(new CorsHandler());
             WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
        }

脚本:

  $.ajax({
               // url: "http://localhost:11576/api/Values",
               url: "http://localhost:39959/api/user/login?name=niqiu&pwd=123456",
               type: "GET",
               //contentType: "application/json;",
                success: function(result) {
                    alert(result.status);
                },
                error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
                    alert("出错!XMLHttpRequest:" + XMLHttpRequest.status);
                }
            });

 这样访问就ok了。