oracle学习笔记(六) JDBC使用
JDBC使用
1. 导包
直接使用IDEA导入依赖包即可
新建一个lib,把jar包放在这里
2. 加载驱动
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
3. 创建Connection对象
连接数据库,从而获得Connection对象
String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:ORCL";//具体的实例名可以查看自己的服务管理,有个
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"scott","tiger");//后面的两个参数分别为连接数据库的用户名和密码
PS:查看实例名
- 开始->运行->输入
services.msc
- 找到服务
- 后面的就是我们的oracle数据库的实例名
4. 创建Statement对象
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
- Statement: 普通语句类型,只能执行一条完整的语句
- PreparedStatement: 预编译语句,它支持占位符“?”, 如:select * from emp WHERE ename LIKE ? and sal>?
- CallableStatement: 支持存储过程的调用
PreparedStatement
和CallableStatement
都是继承Statement
,比Statement
要强大
补充链接:
PreparedStatement的使用
CallableStatement的使用(待补充)
5. 执行SQL语句
//执行查询语句,会返回有个结果集ResultSet
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from student");
6. 使用ResultSet获取数据库数据
//遍历结果集, 每次调用next方法时会使结集的游标后移,最初游标位于第一行之前
//Student累是我们写的一个bean类,就是把数据库中的每一条数据当作为一个对象,每一列都当作为Student类的属性
while (rs.next()){
//第循环一次封装一条记录
Student student = new Student();
student.setNum(rs.getInt("num"));
student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
//获取其它字段rs.getXxx("列名") Xxx表示相应的数据类型
//或者也可以re.getXxx(int columnNum) 参数为第几列
//如果不知道列的具体类型,也可以使用rs.getObject
}
oracle与java的类型对应
oracle | java |
---|---|
varchar/varchar(2) | String |
int | int |
number | double |
date | date |
7. 关闭
依次关闭ResultSet
Statement
Connection
补充
-
一般将连接方法和关闭方法封装为静态方法调用,连接方法和关闭方法封装在JdbcUtil工具类中
-
开启数据库链接的三个参数一般我们不会更改,所以我们直接写死在资源文件里面
-
设置编码UTF-8,使用中文字符就会自动转为Unicode
-
ResourceBundle文件一般要在src同目录,否则会出现java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError异常,代码如下
jdbc.url = jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:ORCL jdbc.driver = oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver jdbc.username = stars jdbc.password = stars
ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("资源文件名"); String s = bundle.getString("keyName");//getString("username").. }
-
-
写一个Dao类,其中有update,save,delete,find等方法,从而实现对数据库的增删改查
JdbcUtil工具类:
package homework;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
/**
* @author StarsOne
* @date Create in 2019/4/24 0024 22:18
* @description
*/
class JdbcUtil {
private static final String DRIVER = getValue("jdbc.driver");
private static final String URL = getValue("jdbc.url");
private static final String USERNAME = getValue("jdbc.username");
private static final String PASSWORD = getValue("jdbc.password");
static{
try {
//注册数据库驱动程序
Class.forName(DRIVER);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.err.println("注册数据库驱动程序失败。" + e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* 获取数据库连接
* @return 一个Connection
*/
public static Connection getConnection() {
try {
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
return conn;
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.err.println("a获得数据连接失败。" + e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
/**
* 关闭
* @param conn
* @param stmt
* @param rs
*/
public static void close(Connection conn, Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) {
try {
//关闭数据库的资源的顺序最好与使用的顺序相反
if(rs != null){
rs.close();
}
if(stmt != null){
stmt.close();
}
if(conn != null){
conn.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 读取属性文件中的信息
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
private static String getValue(String key) {
// 资源包绑定
ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
return bundle.getString(key);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(getValue("jdbc.driver"));
System.out.println(getConnection());
}
}
StudentDao.java
我的代码还没有补全,使用的Statement
语句
package homework;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author StarsOne
* @date Create in 2019/4/24 0024 22:24
* @description
*/
class StudentDao {
/**
* 添加一个
* @param student
*/
public void save(Student student) {
String name = student.getName();
int num = student.getNum();
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
try {
connection = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
statement = connection.createStatement();
//拼接SQL语句,把数据插入到数据库中
statement.execute("insert into STUDENT value(" + num + "," + name + ") ");
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(connection, statement, null);
}
}
public void update(Student student) {
}
/**
* 删除指定编号的学生
* @param num
*/
public void delete(Integer num) {
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
try {
connection = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
statement = connection.createStatement();
//拼接SQL语句,把数据插入到数据库中
boolean flag = statement.execute("delete from STUDENT where num = " + num);
if (flag) {
System.out.println("删除成功!");
} else {
System.out.println("删除失败!");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(connection, statement, null);
}
}
/**
* 主键查询
* @param number
*/
public void findByPK(Integer number) {
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet=null;
try {
connection = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
statement = connection.createStatement();
//查询query,返回一个数据集
resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select * from STUDENT where num =" + number);
while (resultSet.next()) {
int num = resultSet.getInt("num");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
Date birthdate = resultSet.getDate("birthdate");
double grade = resultSet.getDouble("grade");
//新建一个对象
new Student(num, age, grade, name, sex, birthdate);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(connection, statement, resultSet);
}
}
/**
* 查询全部
* @return
*/
public List<Student> findAll() {
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet=null;
try {
connection = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
statement = connection.createStatement();
//查询query,返回一个数据集
resultSet = statement.executeQuery("select * from STUDENT" );
while (resultSet.next()) {
int num = resultSet.getInt("num");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
Date birthdate = resultSet.getDate("birthdate");
double grade = resultSet.getDouble("grade");
//新建一个对象
list.add(new Student(num, age, grade, name, sex, birthdate));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(connection, statement, resultSet);
}
return list;
}
}