modal verbs(一)
什么是modal verb?翻译成中文就是情态动词。
modal的意思是模式的,情态的,形式的。Bootstrap中的模态框就是这个词modal。
情态动词翻译挺准确的,就是表达说话人的情绪,态度或语气的词,本身就有一定的意义。我们中国有句话叫“听话听音”,在英语中也要听这个音,而掌握了情态动词就能有效帮你听懂英语中的语言,语调,言外之意。
英语中情态动词总共就那么几个:can , could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, used to ,ought to, dare, need.
- need和dare既可以做情态动词也可以做实义动词,所以容易提到情态动词不太容易想到这两个。
- have (has,had) to , used to是具有情态动词特征的动词。
一、modal verb的formulation
接下来看看modal verb的formulation公式,也就是它的一些feature.
- They are always follwed by the 'infinitive without to' 后面加不带to的动词不定式
- They are same for all the pronouns. 所有的代词都用同样的modal verb,没有什么单三之类的。
- They do not need auxiliaries. They take direct negative and question forms.modal verb不需要助动词,它直接加not就是否定形式。比如want“想要”,表达“不想要”我们需要助动词do的否定形式我们会说do not want;但是情态动词can 直接就是can not。
- They never combine with another modal verb.
接下来分别介绍一下。
二、can
1,Ability or lack of ability in the present or future.
这种用的最多,表达能力或者客观的可能性。其实能力也是一种可能性嘛,你会,你可以就是你100%的成功可能性。不会就是0%,不太会,会一点都是可能性。
- They can't dance.
- Man can not live without air.
表示能力的can也可以被be able to 代替。
2,Giving / not giving permission
- You can use my office.
- You can't smoke here.
下面的算是一些高级用法。
3,表示惊异,怀疑,不相信的态度(用在否定句,疑问句或惊叹句)
- Can this be true?
- How can you be so careless!
- This cannot be done by him.
4,can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定
- He cannot have been to that town.
- Can he have got the book?
5,cannot```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"
- You cannot be too careful to cross the street.
- I can not thank enough for your kindness.我再怎么感谢你的好意也不为过。(我应该好好感谢你。)
三、could
1,Ability or lack of ability in the past
- I could read without glasses last year.去年我还可以不戴眼镜看书,言外之意就是今年就不可以啦,我老啦之类的.
- I could not sleep last night.
2,在疑问句中making a request时候用
- Could you repeat that please?
- Could we have a break please?
could表示请求语气很委婉。用的非常多,记得要多用,记得回答用can.
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
- Yes, you can.
- No, I'm afraid not.
3,用在肯定句中Making a suggestion
记得是only in the affirmative.
What do you suggest we have for dinner? We could have fish.
本文作者starof,因知识本身在变化,作者也在不断学习成长,文章内容也不定时更新,为避免误导读者,方便追根溯源,请诸位转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/7549860.html有问题欢迎与我讨论,共同进步。
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