用命令测试安装好的OpenStack环境
OpenStack三个节点icehouse-gre模式部署一文部署了一套OpenStack环境，接下来使用命令测试一遍。
首先要明确几个概念：
外网：可分配floating ip绑定到虚拟机，外部就可以访问虚拟机。
虚拟网络（内部网络，私有网络）：虚拟机的虚拟网卡所在的私有网络。
子网：用户创建的每个网络至少要有一个子网（也可以有多个子网）
路由：用户创建的每个网络至少有一个路由，该路由的接口要关联这个网络
fixed ip:虚拟机网卡在虚拟网络上的ip
floating ip:虚拟网络对应的外部网络上的ip
interface:一个网络接口
端口：子网有多个端口（一般会有MAC地址和IP地址），在GRE模式中子网中一般会有qdhcp端口，qrouter端口和为虚拟机实例分配的端口，它们的ip地址属于这个子网
一、查看nova和neutron服务，确保都是笑脸
#nova-manage service list
root@controller:~# nova-manage service list Binary Host Zone Status State Updated_At nova-cert controller internal enabled :-) 2015-01-12 00:39:05 nova-consoleauth controller internal enabled :-) 2015-01-12 00:38:59 nova-scheduler controller internal enabled :-) 2015-01-12 00:39:00 nova-conductor controller internal enabled :-) 2015-01-12 00:39:03 nova-compute compute1 nova enabled :-) 2015-01-12 00:39:03
#neutron agent-list
root@controller:~# neutron agent-list +--------------------------------------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------------+ | id | agent_type | host | alive | admin_state_up | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------------+ | 7a1f9910-62d8-4461-b31d-1a562bd0b76e | DHCP agent | network | :-) | True | | 86d1c916-8b05-4840-965c-e9152388e0c2 | Open vSwitch agent | compute1 | :-) | True | | 8809b0e3-010d-4d2f-b552-10be24002684 | Open vSwitch agent | network | :-) | True | | aca01734-7522-427a-b3f2-45400d22121c | Metadata agent | network | :-) | True | | e964a21a-4b8d-403b-9c81-2a95f387285e | L3 agent | network | :-) | True | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------------+
二、创建租户和用户
创建租户
# keystone tenant-create --name TenantA
root@controller:~# keystone tenant-create --name TenantA WARNING: Bypassing authentication using a token & endpoint (authentication credentials are being ignored). +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | | | enabled | True | | id | 60a10cd7a61b493d910eabd353c07567 | | name | TenantA | +-------------+----------------------------------+
创建用户
# keystone user-create --name=UserA --pass=password --tenant-id TenantA --email=usera@test.com
root@controller:~# keystone user-create --name=UserA --pass=password --tenant-id TenantA --email=usera@test.com WARNING: Bypassing authentication using a token & endpoint (authentication credentials are being ignored). +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | usera@test.com | | enabled | True | | id | be1db0d2fd134025accd2654cfc66056 | | name | UserA | | tenantId | 60a10cd7a61b493d910eabd353c07567 | | username | UserA | +----------+----------------------------------+
为租户添加用户
#keystone user-role-add --tenant TenantA --user UserA --role Member
root@controller:~# keystone user-role-add --tenant TenantA --user UserA --role Member WARNING: Bypassing authentication using a token & endpoint (authentication credentials are being ignored).
三、准备neutron网络
创建外网
# neutron net-create Ext-Net --provider:network_type gre --provider:segmentation_id 1 --router:external true
root@controller:~# neutron net-create Ext-Net --provider:network_type gre --provider:segmentation_id 1 --router:external true Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | id | c8699820-7c6d-4441-9602-3425f2c630ec | | name | Ext-Net | | provider:network_type | gre | | provider:physical_network | | | provider:segmentation_id | 1 | | router:external | True | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tenant_id | c91d0723aaea4985a77801a15ef66438 | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
创建外网的子网
# neutron subnet-create --allocation-pool start=10.1.101.80,end=10.1.101.100 --gateway 10.1.101.254 Ext-Net 10.1.101.0/24 --enable_dhcp=False
root@controller:~# neutron subnet-create --allocation-pool start=10.1.101.80,end=10.1.101.100 --gateway 10.1.101.254 Ext-Net 10.1.101.0/24 --enable_dhcp=False Created a new subnet: +------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "10.1.101.80", "end": "10.1.101.100"} | | cidr | 10.1.101.0/24 | | dns_nameservers | | | enable_dhcp | False | | gateway_ip | 10.1.101.254 | | host_routes | | | id | 2c4155c9-5a2e-471c-a4d8-40a86b45ab0a | | ip_version | 4 | | name | | | network_id | c8699820-7c6d-4441-9602-3425f2c630ec | | tenant_id | c91d0723aaea4985a77801a15ef66438 | +------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
接下来创建租户的子网和虚拟路由
创建租户网络
# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 net-create tenantA-Net
root@controller:~# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 net-create tenantA-Net Created a new network: +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | id | 7c22bbd9-166c-4610-9a3d-3b8b92c77518 | | name | tenantA-Net | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tenant_id | 60a10cd7a61b493d910eabd353c07567 | +----------------+--------------------------------------+
创建租户子网
# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 subnet-create tenantA-Net 10.0.0.0/24
root@controller:~# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 subnet-create tenantA-Net 10.0.0.0/24 Created a new subnet: +------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "10.0.0.2", "end": "10.0.0.254"} | | cidr | 10.0.0.0/24 | | dns_nameservers | | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 10.0.0.1 | | host_routes | | | id | c37d8ed0-372e-4b24-9ba2-897c38c6ddbf | | ip_version | 4 | | name | | | network_id | 7c22bbd9-166c-4610-9a3d-3b8b92c77518 | | tenant_id | 60a10cd7a61b493d910eabd353c07567 | +------------------+--------------------------------------------+
创建租户虚拟路由
neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 router-create tenant-R1
root@controller:~# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 router-create tenant-R1 Created a new router: +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | external_gateway_info | | | id | 680944ad-679c-4fe8-ae4b-258cd8ac337f | | name | tenant-R1 | | status | ACTIVE | | tenant_id | 60a10cd7a61b493d910eabd353c07567 | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+
增加路由接口
(替换${subnet_id}为子网ID)
neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 router-interface-add tenant-R1 ${subnet_id}
root@controller:~# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 router-interface-add tenant-R1 c37d8ed0-372e-4b24-9ba2-897c38c6ddbf Added interface 81388454-30e0-45e4-b3dd-b7b2e8dbf067 to router tenant-R1.
给路由增加网关
# neutron router-gateway-set tenant-R1 Ext-Net
root@controller:~# neutron router-gateway-set tenant-R1 Ext-Net Set gateway for router tenant-R1
到此为止UserA看到的网络拓扑如下：
四、安全组规则
安全组规则会影响到外面ping虚拟机和ssh登录虚拟机，所以在controller节点中为openstack设置好ICMP和TCP规则。
这里设置安全组规则相当于打开防火墙端口，允许ssh和ping虚拟机，这是个重点，不设置这个将无法访问虚拟机。
获得TenantA的default安全组规则
# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 security-group-list
root@controller:~# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 security-group-list +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+ | id | name | description | +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+ | 8bd8fb6b-7141-4900-8321-390cc1a5d999 | default | default | +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
默认default规则：
设置nova中default的 ICMP/TCP/UDP安全组规则
# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 secgroup-add-rule default tcp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 secgroup-add-rule default tcp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0 +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | IP Protocol | From Port | To Port | IP Range | Source Group | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | tcp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 secgroup-add-rule default udp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 secgroup-add-rule default udp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0 +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | IP Protocol | From Port | To Port | IP Range | Source Group | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | udp | 1 | 65535 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0 +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | IP Protocol | From Port | To Port | IP Range | Source Group | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+ | icmp | -1 | -1 | 0.0.0.0/0 | | +-------------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------+
五、起虚拟机
查看镜像：
# glance index
root@controller:~# glance index ID Name Disk Format Container Format Size ------------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------- -------------------- -------------- a1de861a-be9c-4223-9a7a-cf5917489ce9 cirros-0.3.2-x86_64 qcow2 bare 13167616
起虚拟机，替换{the cirros ID from Glance}为镜像ID
#root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 boot --flavor 1 --image{the cirros ID from Glance} vm001
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 boot --flavor 1 --image a1de861a-be9c-4223-9a7a-cf5917489ce9 vm001 +--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | - | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | - | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | adminPass | sCekd6U9PcvU | | config_drive | | | created | 2015-01-12T01:18:27Z | | flavor | m1.tiny (1) | | hostId | | | id | d4a05267-b610-4c61-86e0-542ae9a7d93f | | image | cirros-0.3.2-x86_64 (a1de861a-be9c-4223-9a7a-cf5917489ce9) | | key_name | - | | metadata | {} | | name | vm001 | | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] | | progress | 0 | | security_groups | default | | status | BUILD | | tenant_id | 60a10cd7a61b493d910eabd353c07567 | | updated | 2015-01-12T01:18:28Z | | user_id | be1db0d2fd134025accd2654cfc66056 | +--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
检查虚拟机状态为ACTIVE
# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 list
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 list +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+----------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+----------------------+ | d4a05267-b610-4c61-86e0-542ae9a7d93f | vm001 | ACTIVE | - | Running | tenantA-Net=10.0.0.2 | +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+----------------------+
六、为虚拟机分配浮动IP
创建一个浮动IP
# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 floatingip-create Ext-Net
root@controller:~# neutron --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 floatingip-create Ext-Net Created a new floatingip: +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | fixed_ip_address | | | floating_ip_address | 10.1.101.81 | | floating_network_id | c8699820-7c6d-4441-9602-3425f2c630ec | | id | 0482a808-e92b-4ae0-a830-6f149d310c30 | | port_id | | | router_id | | | status | DOWN | | tenant_id | 60a10cd7a61b493d910eabd353c07567 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
查看floating-ip
# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 floating-ip-list
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 floating-ip-list +-------------+-----------+----------+---------+ | Ip | Server Id | Fixed Ip | Pool | +-------------+-----------+----------+---------+ | 10.1.101.81 | | - | Ext-Net | +-------------+-----------+----------+---------+
我创建了一个新的浮动IP10.1.101.82，分配的是10.1.101.82
分配浮动IP给虚拟机，替换{the vm id}为虚拟机ID
# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 floating-ip-associate {the vm id} 10.1.101.82
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 floating-ip-associate d4a05267-b610-4c61-86e0-542ae9a7d93f 10.1.101.82
检查虚拟机状态，现在就可以看到浮动ip了。
# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 list
root@controller:~# nova --os-tenant-name TenantA --os-username UserA --os-password password --os-auth-url=http://localhost:5000/v2.0 list +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------------------+ | d4a05267-b610-4c61-86e0-542ae9a7d93f | vm001 | ACTIVE | - | Running | tenantA-Net=10.0.0.2, 10.1.101.82 | +--------------------------------------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-----------------------------------+
七、SSH到虚拟机（虚拟机状态为ACTIVE，密码是cubswin:)）
替换{put_floating_ip_here}为虚拟机的浮动IP
ssh cirros@{put_floating_ip_here}
root@controller:~# ssh cirros@10.1.101.82 The authenticity of host '10.1.101.82 (10.1.101.82)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is da:a3:1a:60:f1:e9:3a:e2:a7:6c:35:cb:f8:9b:b7:65. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.1.101.82' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. cirros@10.1.101.82's password: $ $ $ $ ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: seq=3 ttl=35 time=295.980 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: seq=7 ttl=35 time=299.047 ms
八、上传镜像
查看镜像
root@sc-disk01:~/image# glance --os-username admin --os-password windawnKey --os-tenant-name admin --os-auth-url=http://10.0.101.11:35357/v2.0 image-list +--------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+----------+--------+ | ID | Name | Disk Format | Container Format | Size | Status | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+----------+--------+ | ae63b964-230f-4ff8-bcf9-524d44b6980b | cirros-0.3.2-x86_64 | qcow2 | bare | 13167616 | active | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------+------------------+----------+--------+
上传镜像
root@sc-disk01:~# cd image/ root@sc-disk01:~/image# ls app_2013_1127 devstack_201407171353 root@sc-disk01:~/image# glance image-create --name="app_2013_1127" --is-public=True --disk-format=qcow2 --container-format=bare < ./app_2013_1127 +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | checksum | f741693bf9297714917e27ce18394dbb | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2015-03-16T01:53:23 | | deleted | False | | deleted_at | None | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | 0391cd63-59da-48e2-929d-6a35a43c9bfc | | is_public | True | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | app_2013_1127 | | owner | 49b72345ae0046e284f61503f047b587 | | protected | False | | size | 5299503104 | | status | active | | updated_at | 2015-03-16T01:57:13 | | virtual_size | None | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ root@sc-disk01:~/image#
上传镜像截图
或者用以下命令上传
root@sc-disk01:~/image# glance image-create --name="app_2014_0124_1604" --is-public=True --disk-format=qcow2 --container-format=bare --file ./app_2014_0124_1604 --progress +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | checksum | bb39bb3b5fa5996aecfa512dc178b5d6 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2015-03-16T02:04:12 | | deleted | False | | deleted_at | None | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | 02111d11-42db-432d-a840-6945794587c0 | | is_public | True | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | app_2014_0124_1604 | | owner | 49b72345ae0046e284f61503f047b587 | | protected | False | | size | 5308547072 | | status | active | | updated_at | 2015-03-16T02:10:09 | | virtual_size | None | +------------------+--------------------------------------+
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