从LFS官方文档构建完整Linux系统
这不是新手教程！！！
- Parallels Desktop (为防止找不到网卡 NIC Type设成Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT)。
- kali-linux-2.0-amd64(i386).iso (该liveCD编译工具算完整，liveCD启动另外安装bison、gawk，直接apt-get install 安装即可)。需要多次编译的包，先删掉，再重新解压，编译，否则会造成不可扭转的错误。
- 其它虚拟机硬件按个人需求设置。建议IDE硬盘，DOS分区。
- 宿主系统所需工具检测
library-check.sh
#!/bin/bash
for lib in lib{gmp,mpfr,mpc}.la; do
echo $lib: $(if find /usr/lib* -name $lib|
grep -q $lib;then :;else echo not;fi) found
done
unset lib
编译安装 GMP、MPFR、MPC
version-check.sh
1 #!/bin/bash
2 # Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
3
4 export LC_ALL=C
5 bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
6 echo "/bin/sh -> `readlink -f /bin/sh`"
7 echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
8 bison --version | head -n1
9 if [ -e /usr/bin/yacc ];
10 then echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
11 else echo "yacc not found"; fi
12
13 bzip2 --version 2>&1 < /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
14 echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
15 diff --version | head -n1
16 find --version | head -n1
17 gawk --version | head -n1
18 if [ -e /usr/bin/awk ];
19 then echo "/usr/bin/awk -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
20 else echo "awk not found"; fi
21
22 gcc --version | head -n1
23 ldd --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2- # glibc version
24 grep --version | head -n1
25 gzip --version | head -n1
26 cat /proc/version
27 m4 --version | head -n1
28 make --version | head -n1
29 patch --version | head -n1
30 echo Perl `perl -V:version`
31 sed --version | head -n1
32 tar --version | head -n1
33 echo "Texinfo: `makeinfo --version | head -n1`"
34 xz --version | head -n1
35
36 echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c && gcc -o dummy dummy.c
37 if [ -x dummy ]
38 then echo "gcc compilation OK";
39 else echo "gcc compilation failed"; fi
40 rm -f dummy.c dummy
41
42 echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c && g++ -o dummy dummy.c
43 if [ -x dummy ]
44 then echo "g++ compilation OK";
45 else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
46 rm -f dummy.c dummy
- 构建方法按官方文档一步步来，只是复制粘贴而已。下面说些要注意的地方。（构建完tools，进入chroot后）
编译安装GCC时，可以不要check，但一定执行以下命令
1 install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
2
3 ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/5.2.0/liblto_plugin.so /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/
否则后续编译软件的时候出现找不到类库和头文件的问题。如果不放心，每次安装完一个软件ldconfig一下。
- 安装完软件后（编译内核和安装GRUB前）可以不按照文档的方法配置相关文件。安装下面方法配置基本系统所需的文件，可满足系统的基本运行，和连接网络。
时间设置（Configuring the setclock Script） cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF" # Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock UTC=1 # End /etc/sysconfig/clock EOF bash /lib/udev/init-net-rules.sh cat > /etc/udev/rules.d/83-duplicate_devs.rules << "EOF" # Persistent symlinks for webcam and tuner KERNEL=="video*", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1910", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0d81", \ SYMLINK+="webcam" KERNEL=="video*", ATTRS{device}=="0x036f", ATTRS{vendor}=="0x109e", \ SYMLINK+="tvtuner" EOF cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF" # Begin /etc/inittab id:3:initdefault: si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0 l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1 l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2 l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3 l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4 l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5 l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6 ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600 # End /etc/inittab EOF cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF" # Begin /etc/sysconfig/console FONT="lat2a-16 -m 8859-2" # End /etc/sysconfig/console EOF cat > /etc/shells << "EOF" # Begin /etc/shells /bin/sh /bin/bash # End /etc/shells EOF 设置bash下的键盘功能键设置 cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF" set horizontal-scroll-mode Off set meta-flag On set input-meta On set convert-meta Off set output-meta On set bell-style none "\eOd": backward-word "\eOc": forward-word "\e[1~": beginning-of-line "\e[4~": end-of-line "\e[5~": beginning-of-history "\e[6~": end-of-history "\e[3~": delete-char "\e[2~": quoted-insert "\eOH": beginning-of-line "\eOF": end-of-line "\e[H": beginning-of-line "\e[F": end-of-line EOF 设置Bash Shell启动文件（The Bash Shell Startup Files） cat > /etc/profile << "EOF" # Begin /etc/profile export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 export LANGUAGE=en_US:en export LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8 export LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc alias ls="ls --color" export PS1='\u:\w\$ ' # End /etc/profile EOF 设置本地网络名 echo "HOSTNAME=SCoreLFS" > /etc/sysconfig/network 设置hosts文件 cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" # Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version) 127.0.0.1 SCoreLFS localhost # End /etc/hosts (no network card version) EOF 设置网络的静态地址 cd /etc/sysconfig/ cat > ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF" ONBOOT=yes
IFACE=eth0 SERVICE=ipv4-static IP=10.211.55.49 GATEWAY=10.211.55.1 BROADCAST=10.211.55.255 EOF 设置DNS cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 10.211.55.1 nameserver 8.8.8.8 # End /etc/resolv.conf EOF 建立fstab文件 cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF" # Begin /etc/fstab # file system mount-point type options dump fsck # order /dev/sda1 / ext4 defaults 1 1 /dev/sda2 swap swap pri=1 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=4,mode=620 0 0 #shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 # End /etc/fstab EOF install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true # End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf EOF
- 编译内核时选择下面基本的项
-> Device Drivers -> SCSI device support - > SCSI disk support -> Device Drivers -> SCSI device support -> SCSI low-level drivers -> BusLogic SCSI support -> Device Drivers -> Fusion MPT device support -> Fusion MPT (base + ScsiHost) drivers -> Device Drivers -> Networking support -> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) -> AMD PCnet32 PCI support -> Device Drivers -> USB support -> Support for Host-side USB -> EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support -> UHCI HCD (most Intel and VIA) support -> USB Mass Storage support E100/E1000、ext4 相关项
- logout到宿主系统前记得passwd设置一下root密码。
为了后续安装软件和使用方便，建议根据blfs文档安装openssh、openssl和wget。至于ssh的配置可以按照下面方法，可以解决root登录和权限问题
1 vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config 添加下面代码 2 3 PasswordAuthentication yes 4 PermitRootLogin yes
- 问题：安装完系统虚拟机的磁盘占空间过大，达10几G。而在LFS系统内查询的结果，加swap分区也不过2G。而且无法释放。这个问题很困惑，找了很久没找到方法。如果谁知道的，在评论里面回复。谢谢！！！
