Hamcrest、Mockito 专题
UT中需要的jar
Junit4.1X.jar
hamcrest-library-1.x.jar
hamcrest-core-l.x.jar
mockito-all-1.10.x.jar
Junit 使用hamcrest的Matcher找不到的问题(比如greaterThan)
问题:
用junit在进行单元测试的时候,使用assertThat方法,发现hamcrest的greaterThan等方法无法识别【说是没有定义】,而且无法静态引用到Matchers类【import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;】
junit版本: 4.12
hamcrest版本:hamcrest-core-1.3
原因:
后来发现原因是因为junit默认只会依赖hamcrest-core-1.3包【我用maven构建的项目管理的jar包】,而实际上hamcrest还有一个hamcrest-library.jar用来放置很多工具
解决:
显式引入hamcrest-library-1.3.jar包
import org.junit.Test; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*; import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals; import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat; public class HamcrestDemo { @Test public void testAdd() { int actual = 3; int expected = 3; // 一般匹配符 assertEquals(expected, actual); // allOf:所有条件必须都成立,测试才通过 assertThat(actual, allOf(greaterThan(1), lessThan(4))); // anyOf:只要有一个条件成立,测试就通过 assertThat(actual, anyOf(greaterThan(5), lessThan(4))); // anything:无论什么条件,测试都通过 assertThat(actual, anything()); // is:变量的值等于指定值时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, is(3)); // not:和is相反,变量的值不等于指定值时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, not(1)); } @Test public void testDiv() { // 数值匹配符 double divResult = 10.0 / 3; System.out.println(divResult); // closeTo:浮点型变量的值在3.0±0.5范围内,测试通过 assertThat(divResult, closeTo(3.0, 0.5)); // greaterThan:变量的值大于指定值时,测试通过 assertThat(divResult, greaterThan(2.9)); // lessThan:变量的值小于指定值时,测通过 assertThat(divResult, lessThan(3.5)); // greaterThanOrEqualTo:变量的值大于等于指定值时,测试通过 assertThat(divResult, greaterThanOrEqualTo(3.3)); // lessThanOrEqualTo:变量的值小于等于指定值时,测试通过 assertThat(divResult, lessThanOrEqualTo(3.4)); } @Test public void testGetName() { // 字符串匹配符 String actual = "Magci"; // containsString:字符串变量中包含指定字符串时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, containsString("ci")); // startsWith:字符串变量以指定字符串开头时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, startsWith("Ma")); // endsWith:字符串变量以指定字符串结尾时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, endsWith("i")); // euqalTo:字符串变量等于指定字符串时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, equalTo("Magci")); // equalToIgnoringCase:字符串变量在忽略大小写的情况下等于指定字符串时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, equalToIgnoringCase("magci")); // equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace:字符串变量在忽略头尾任意空格的情况下等于指定字符串时,测试通过 assertThat(actual, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(" Magci ")); } @Test public void testGetList() { // 集合匹配符 List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); list.add("Magci"); // hasItem:Iterable变量中含有指定元素时,测试通过 assertThat(list, hasItem("Magci")); } @Test public void testGetMap() { Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("1key", "1value"); map.put("2key", "2value"); map.put("3key", "3value"); map.put("4key", "4value"); // hasEntry:Map变量中含有指定键值对时,测试通过 assertThat(map, hasEntry("4key", "4value")); // hasKey:Map变量中含有指定键时,测试通过 assertThat(map, hasKey(anyOf(equalTo("1key"), equalTo("2key"), equalTo("3key"), equalTo("4key")))); // hasValue:Map变量中含有指定值时,测试通过 assertThat(map, hasValue(anyOf(equalTo("xvalue"), equalTo("1value")))); } }
assertThat详解 ---来自 http://www.cnblogs.com/Firefly727/archive/2011/07/05/2098625.html
㈠ 一般匹配符
1、allOf
匹配符表明如果接下来的所有条件必须都成立测试才通过,相当于“与”(&&) assertThat( testedNumber, allOf( greaterThan(8), lessThan(16) ) );
2、anyOf
匹配符表明如果接下来的所有条件只要有一个成立则测试通过,相当于“或”(||) assertThat( testedNumber, anyOf( greaterThan(16), lessThan(8) ) );
3、anything
匹配符表明无论什么条件,永远为true assertThat( testedNumber, anything() );
4、is
匹配符表明如果前面待测的object等于后面给出的object,则测试通过 assertThat( testedString, is( "developerWorks" ) ); 5、not
匹配符和is匹配符正好相反,表明如果前面待测的object不等于后面给出的object,则测试通过 assertThat( testedString, not( "developerWorks" ) );
㈡ 字符串相关匹配符
1、containsString
匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString 包含 子字符串"developerWorks"则测试通过 assertThat( testedString, containsString( "developerWorks" ) );
2、endsWith
匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString以子字符串"developerWorks"结尾则测试通过 assertThat( testedString, endsWith( "developerWorks" ) );
3、startsWith
匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString以子字符串"developerWorks"开始则测试通过 assertThat( testedString, startsWith( "developerWorks" ) );
4、equalTo
匹配符表明如果测试的testedValue等于expectedValue则测试通过,equalTo可以测试数值之间,字符串
之间和对象之间是否相等,相当于Object的equals方法 assertThat( testedValue, equalTo( expectedValue ) );
5、equalToIgnoringCase
匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString在忽略大小写的情况下等于"developerWorks"则测试通过 assertThat( testedString, equalToIgnoringCase( "developerWorks" ) ); 6、equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace
匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于"developerWorks"则
测试通过,注意:字符串中的空格不能被忽略 assertThat( testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace( "developerWorks" ) );
㈢ 数值相关匹配符
1、closeTo
匹配符表明如果所测试的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0±0.5范围之内则测试通过 assertThat( testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ) );
2、greaterThan
匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber大于16.0则测试通过 assertThat( testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0) );
3、lessThan
匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber小于16.0则测试通过 assertThat( testedNumber, lessThan (16.0) );
4、greaterThanOrEqualTo
匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0则测试通过 assertThat( testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0) );
5、lessThanOrEqualTo
匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber小于等于16.0则测试通过 assertThat( testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0) );
㈣ collection相关匹配符
1、hasEntry
匹配符表明如果测试的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项则测试通过 assertThat( mapObject, hasEntry( "key", "value" ) );
2、hasItem
匹配符表明如果测试的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素“element”项则测试通过 assertThat( iterableObject, hasItem ( "element" ) );
3、hasKey
匹配符表明如果测试的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”则测试通过 assertThat( mapObject, hasKey ( "key" ) );
4、hasValue
匹配符表明如果测试的Map对象mapObject含有元素值“value”则测试通过 assertThat( mapObject, hasValue ( "key" ) );
一般匹配符
1、assertThat( testedNumber, allOf( greaterThan(8), lessThan(16) ) );
注释: allOf匹配符表明如果接下来的所有条件必须都成立测试才通过,相当于“与”(&&)
2、assertThat( testedNumber, anyOf( greaterThan(16), lessThan(8) ) );
注释:anyOf匹配符表明如果接下来的所有条件只要有一个成立则测试通过,相当于“或”(||)
3、assertThat( testedNumber, anything() );
注释:anything匹配符表明无论什么条件,永远为true
4、assertThat( testedString, is( "developerWorks" ) );
注释: is匹配符表明如果前面待测的object等于后面给出的object,则测试通过
5、assertThat( testedString, not( "developerWorks" ) );
注释:not匹配符和is匹配符正好相反,表明如果前面待测的object不等于后面给出的object,则测试通过
字符串相关匹配符
1、assertThat( testedString, containsString( "developerWorks" ) );
注释:containsString匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString包含子字符串"developerWorks"则测试通过
2、assertThat( testedString, endsWith( "developerWorks" ) );
注释:endsWith匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString以子字符串"developerWorks"结尾则测试通过
3、assertThat( testedString, startsWith( "developerWorks" ) );
注释:startsWith匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString以子字符串"developerWorks"开始则测试通过
4、assertThat( testedValue, equalTo( expectedValue ) );
注释: equalTo匹配符表明如果测试的testedValue等于expectedValue则测试通过,equalTo可以测试数值之间,字
符串之间和对象之间是否相等,相当于Object的equals方法
5、assertThat( testedString, equalToIgnoringCase( "developerWorks" ) );
注释:equalToIgnoringCase匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString在忽略大小写的情况下等于"developerWorks"则测试通过
6、assertThat( testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace( "developerWorks" ) );
注释:equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符表明如果测试的字符串testedString在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等
于"developerWorks"则测试通过,注意:字符串中的空格不能被忽略
数值相关匹配符
1、assertThat( testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ) );
注释:closeTo匹配符表明如果所测试的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0±0.5范围之内则测试通过
2、assertThat( testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0) );
注释:greaterThan匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber大于16.0则测试通过
3、assertThat( testedNumber, lessThan (16.0) );
注释:lessThan匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber小于16.0则测试通过
4、assertThat( testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0) );
注释: greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0则测试通过
5、assertThat( testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0) );
注释:lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符表明如果所测试的数值testedNumber小于等于16.0则测试通过
collection相关匹配符
1、assertThat( mapObject, hasEntry( "key", "value" ) );
注释:hasEntry匹配符表明如果测试的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项则测试通过
2、assertThat( iterableObject, hasItem ( "element" ) );
注释:hasItem匹配符表明如果测试的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素“element”项则测试通过
3、assertThat( mapObject, hasKey ( "key" ) );
注释: hasKey匹配符表明如果测试的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”则测试通过
4、assertThat( mapObject, hasValue ( "key" ) );
注释:hasValue匹配符表明如果测试的Map对象mapObject含有元素值“value”则测试通过
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JUnit4.4引入了Hamcrest框架,Hamcest提供了一套匹配符Matcher,这些匹配符更接近自然语言,可读性高,更加灵活
/**equalTo匹配符断言被测的testedValue等于expectedValue,
* equalTo可以断言数值之间,字符串之间和对象之间是否相等,相当于Object的equals方法
*/
assertThat(testedValue, equalTo(expectedValue));
/**equalToIgnoringCase匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
*在忽略大小写的情况下等于expectedString
*/
assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString));
/**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
*在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString,
*注意:字符串中的空格不能被忽略
*/
assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString);
/**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/
assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) );
/**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/
assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix));
/**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/
assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix));
/**nullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值为null*/
assertThat(object,nullValue());
/**notNullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值不为null*/
assertThat(object,notNullValue());
/**is匹配符断言被测的object等于后面给出匹配表达式*/
assertThat(testedString, is(equalTo(expectedValue)));
/**is匹配符简写应用之一,is(equalTo(x))的简写,断言testedValue等于expectedValue*/
assertThat(testedValue, is(expectedValue));
/**is匹配符简写应用之二,is(instanceOf(SomeClass.class))的简写,
*断言testedObject为Cheddar的实例
*/
assertThat(testedObject, is(Cheddar.class));
/**not匹配符和is匹配符正好相反,断言被测的object不等于后面给出的object*/
assertThat(testedString, not(expectedString));
/**allOf匹配符断言符合所有条件,相当于“与”(&&)*/
assertThat(testedNumber, allOf( greaterThan(8), lessThan(16) ) );
/**anyOf匹配符断言符合条件之一,相当于“或”(||)*/
assertThat(testedNumber, anyOf( greaterThan(16), lessThan(8) ) );
/**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/
assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ));
/**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0));
/** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0));
/** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
/** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
/**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) );
/**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/
assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element));
/** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key"));
/** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));
http://langgufu.iteye.com/blog/1893927
assertThat
JUnit4.4引入了Hamcrest框架,Hamcest提供了一套匹配符Matcher,这些匹配符更接近自然语言,可读性高,更加灵活
/**equalTo匹配符断言被测的testedValue等于expectedValue, * equalTo可以断言数值之间,字符串之间和对象之间是否相等,相当于Object的equals方法 */ assertThat(testedValue, equalTo(expectedValue));
/**equalToIgnoringCase匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString *在忽略大小写的情况下等于expectedString */ assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString));
/**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString *在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString, *注意:字符串中的空格不能被忽略 */ assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString);
/**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/ assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) );
/**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/ assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix));
/**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/ assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix));
/**nullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值为null*/ assertThat(object,nullValue());
/**notNullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值不为null*/ assertThat(object,notNullValue());
/**is匹配符断言被测的object等于后面给出匹配表达式*/ assertThat(testedString, is(equalTo(expectedValue)));
/**is匹配符简写应用之一,is(equalTo(x))的简写,断言testedValue等于expectedValue*/ assertThat(testedValue, is(expectedValue));
/**is匹配符简写应用之二,is(instanceOf(SomeClass.class))的简写, *断言testedObject为Cheddar的实例 */ assertThat(testedObject, is(Cheddar.class));
/**not匹配符和is匹配符正好相反,断言被测的object不等于后面给出的object*/ assertThat(testedString, not(expectedString));
/**allOf匹配符断言符合所有条件,相当于“与”(&&)*/ assertThat(testedNumber, allOf( greaterThan(8), lessThan(16) ) );
/**anyOf匹配符断言符合条件之一,相当于“或”(||)*/ assertThat(testedNumber, anyOf( greaterThan(16), lessThan(8) ) );
/**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/ assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ));
/**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0));
/** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0));
/** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
/** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
/**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) );
/**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/ assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element));
/** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key"));
/** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));
http://0411.iteye.com/blog/1048303