Java中的深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)

深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念,尤其在C++语言中,若不弄懂,则会在delete的时候出问题,但是我们在这幸好用的是Java。虽然java自动管理对象的回收,但对于深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制),我们还是要给予足够的重视,因为有时这两个概念往往会给我们带来不小的困惑。

浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚:对象A1中包含对B1的引用,B1中包含对C1的引用。浅拷贝A1得到A2,A2 中依然包含对B1的引用,B1中依然包含对C1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归,深拷贝A1得到A2,A2中包含对B2(B1的copy)的引用,B2 中包含对C2(C1的copy)的引用。

若不对clone()方法进行改写,则调用此方法得到的对象即为浅拷贝,下面我们着重谈一下深拷贝。

运行下面的程序,看一看浅拷贝:

 

class Professor0 implements Cloneable {
	String name;
	int age;

	Professor0(String name, int age) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		return super.clone();
	}
}

class Student0 implements Cloneable {
	String name;// 常量对象。
	int age;
	Professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。

	Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.p = p;
	}

	public Object clone() {
		Student0 o = null;
		try {
			o = (Student0) super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		}

		return o;
	}
}

public class ShallowCopy {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu", 50);
		Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan", 18, p);
		Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();
		s2.p.name = "lisi";
		s2.p.age = 30;
		s2.name = "z";
		s2.age = 45;
		System.out.println("学生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + "\n学生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," + "\n学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授
	}
}

s2变了,但s1也变了,证明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一个对象。这在我们有的实际需求中,却不是这样,因而我们需要深拷贝:

 

class Professor implements Cloneable {
	String name;
	int age;

	Professor(String name, int age) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Object clone() {
		Object o = null;
		try {
			o = super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		}
		return o;
	}
}

class Student implements Cloneable {
	String name;
	int age;
	Professor p;

	Student(String name, int age, Professor p) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.p = p;
	}

	public Object clone() {
		Student o = null;
		try {
			o = (Student) super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		}
		o.p = (Professor) p.clone();
		return o;
	}
}

public class DeepCopy {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
		Professor p = new Professor("wangwu", 50);
		Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 18, p);
		Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
		s2.p.name = "lisi";
		s2.p.age = 30;
		System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。
		long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println(t2-t1);
	}
}

当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法,就是将对象串行化:

 

import java.io.*;
//Serialization is time-consuming
class Professor2 implements Serializable {
	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	String name;
	int age;

	Professor2(String name, int age) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
}

class Student2 implements Serializable {
	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	String name;// 常量对象。
	int age;
	Professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。

	Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.p = p;
	}

	public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,
			ClassNotFoundException {
		// 将对象写到流里
		ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
		oo.writeObject(this);
		// 从流里读出来
		ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
		ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
		return (oi.readObject());
	}

}

public class DeepCopy2 {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException,
			IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
		Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu", 50);
		Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan", 18, p);
		Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();
		s2.p.name = "lisi";
		s2.p.age = 30;
		System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。
		long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println(t2-t1);
	}

}

但是串行化却很耗时,在一些框架中,我们便可以感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。

posted on 2010-12-14 22:46  NULL00  阅读(32589)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报

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