Java微信公众平台开发_02_启用服务器配置
一、准备阶段
需要准备事项:
1.一个能在公网上访问的项目:
见:【 Java微信公众平台开发_01_本地服务器映射外网 】
2.一个微信公众平台账号:
去注册:(https://mp.weixin.qq.com/)
3.策略文件
见:【 Java企业微信开发_Exception_02_java.security.InvalidKeyException: Illegal key size 】
4.微信官方消息加解密工具包
需要下载微信官方的消息加解密的工具包,主要是AES加密工具。由于这是企业微信的加解密包,因此我们后面还需要对这个加解密包进行一些修改。
下载地址:https://wximg.gtimg.com/shake_tv/mpwiki/cryptoDemo.zip
下载完将其添加进工程中:
二、填写服务器配置
1.记住 AppID 和 AppSecret
登录微信公众平台,开发—>基本配置—>公众号开发信息
2.设置IP白名单
(1)登录微信公众平台,开发—>基本配置—>公众号开发信息—>ip白名单—>查看—>修改
(2)需要将服务器的公网ip添加进去。若需要添加多个ip,则每行添加一个ip即可。
(3)查询服务器的公网ip:
window系统: 直接百度搜索ip即可
Linux系统: 参见【 Linux_服务器_01_查看公网IP 】
3.填写服务器配置
登录微信公众平台,开发—>基本配置—>服务器配置—>修改配置
3.1 URL:
开发者用来接收微信消息和事件的接口URL 。在三种情况下会请求这个URL:
(1)回调模式:
填写完服务器配置,点击提交,微信服务器将发送GET请求到填写的服务器地址URL上,并携带上四个参数 signature 、timestamp、nonce、echostr
(2)接收消息:
当用户发送消息给公众号时,消息将被以POST方式推送到到填写的服务器地址URL上,
在安全模式(推荐)下,携带上六个参数 signature 、timestamp、nonce、openid、encrypt_type(加密类型,为aes)和msg_signature(消息体签名,用于验证消息体的正确性)
在明文模式(默认)下,携带上六个参数 signature 、timestamp、nonce、openid
(3)接收事件
当特定的用户操作引发事件推送时,(如用户点击某个click菜单按钮时),事件将被以POST方式推送到到填写的服务器地址URL上。 请求参数 同 接受消息
3.2 Token:
随机填写,要与代码中保持一致。生成加解密工具类、生成签名 时会用到
3.3 EncodingAESKey:
随机生成,要与代码中保持一致,生成加解密工具类时会用到。EncodingAESKey即消息加解密Key,长度固定为43个字符,从a-z,A-Z,0-9共62个字符中选取。
3.4 消息加解密方式
这里选择安全模式,这样在接收消息和事件时,都需要进行消息加解密。若选明文模式,则在接收消息和事件时,都不需要进行消息加解密。
三、验证服务器地址的有效性
1. 设置失败
填写完服务器配置后,这时我们点击提交,会提示设置失败。这是因为我们点击提交后,微信服务器将发送GET请求到填写的服务器地址URL上,并携带上四个参数 signature 、timestamp、nonce、echostr ,开发者接收到者四个参数之后,需要对这四个参数与token一起 进行签名校验。
2.签名校验的流程
(1)将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
(2)将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 得到一个签名signature1
(3)开发者将获得加密后的字符串signature1与signature进行比较
(4)若二者相同,则认为此次GET请求来自微信服务器,可原样返回echostr参数内容,配置成功。
若二者不相同,则认为此次GET请求不是来自微信服务器,不可原样返回echostr参数内容,配置失败。
总结:用 token、timestamp、nonce 生成一个签名signature1,并与signature比较,若相同,则原样返回echostr,若不同则配置失败。
3.微信服务器怎么判断签名校验是否成功?
若微信服务器收到原样的echostr,则任务校验成功。也就是说如果你收到signature 、timestamp、nonce、echostr 后,什么都不做,就只原样返回一个echostr,微信服务器还是认为你校验成功了。
4.签名校验的代码实现
4.1 用SHA1算法生成安全签名 signature1
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/** * 微信公众号SHA1加密算法 * 用SHA1算法生成安全签名 * @param token 票据 * @param timestamp 时间戳 * @param nonce 随机字符串 * @return 安全签名 * @throws AesException */ public static String getSHA1_WXGZ(String token, String timestamp, String nonce) throws AesException { try { String[] array = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce }; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); //1.将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序 Arrays.sort(array); //2.将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { sb.append(array[i]); } String str = sb.toString(); //2.2 SHA1签名生成 MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); md.update(str.getBytes()); byte[] digest = md.digest(); StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer(); String shaHex = ""; for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) { shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF); if (shaHex.length() < 2) { hexstr.append(0); } hexstr.append(shaHex); } return hexstr.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.ComputeSignatureError); } } }
4.2 验证signature1是否与signature相同
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/** * * 验证URL * @param msgSignature * @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce * @param echoStr 随机串,对应URL参数的echostr * * @return 解密之后的echostr * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ /** * @desc :微信公众号 验证url * * @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature * @param token 公众平台上,开发者设置的token * @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机数,对应URL参数的nonce * @return * true 验证成功 * @throws AesException boolean */ public boolean verifyUrl_WXGZ(String msgSignature, String token , String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException { //1.进行SHA1加密 String signature = SHA1.getSHA1_WXGZ(token, timeStamp, nonce); //2.验证 token、timestamp、nonce进行SHA1加密生成的signature 是否与url传过来msgSignature相同 if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError); //3.若相同,则url验证成功,返回true }else{ return true; } }
4.3 在servlet的doGet方法中进行url的校验
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//1.接收 回调模式 的请求 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { logger.info("get--------------"); //一、校验URL //1.准备校验参数 // 微信加密签名 String msgSignature = request.getParameter("signature"); // 时间戳 String timeStamp = request.getParameter("timestamp"); // 随机数 String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce"); // 随机字符串 String echoStr = request.getParameter("echostr"); PrintWriter out=null; try { //2.校验url //2.1 创建加解密类 WXBizMsgCrypt wxcpt = new WXBizMsgCrypt(Env.TOKEN,Env.ENCODING_AES_KEY,Env.APP_ID); //2.2进行url校验 //不抛异常就说明校验成功 boolean mark= wxcpt.verifyUrl_WXGZ(msgSignature, Env.TOKEN, timeStamp, nonce); //2.3若校验成功,则原样返回 echoStr if (mark) { out = response.getWriter(); out.print(echoStr); } } catch (AesException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (out != null) { out.close(); out = null; //释放资源 } } }
四、代码实现
1.微信配置类—Env.java
微信公众号接入配置类
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package com.ray.weixin.gz.config; /**@desc : 微信公众号接入配置 * * @author: shirayner * @date : 2017年9月27日 下午4:57:36 */ public class Env { /** * 1. 企业应用接入秘钥相关 */ //public static final String APP_ID = "wx4dca3424bebef2cc"; // public static final String APP_SECRET = "068e2599abf88ba78491a07906f3c56e"; //测试号 public static final String APP_ID = "wxa0064ea657f80062"; public static final String APP_SECRET = "fcc960840df869ad1a46af7993784917"; /** * 2.服务器配置: * 启用并设置服务器配置后,用户发给公众号的消息以及开发者需要的事件推送,将被微信转发到该URL中 */ public static final String TOKEN = "weixin"; public static final String ENCODING_AES_KEY = "JvJ1Dww6tjUU2psC3pmokXvOHHfovfWP3LfX1xrriz1"; }
2.HTTP请求工具类—HttpHelper.java
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package com.ray.weixin.gz.util; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HeaderElement; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.HttpStatus; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; /** * HTTP请求封装,建议直接使用sdk的API */ public class HttpHelper { /** * @desc :1.发起GET请求 * * @param url * @return JSONObject * @throws Exception */ public static JSONObject doGet(String url) throws Exception { //1.生成一个请求 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); //2.配置请求的属性 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(5000).setConnectTimeout(5000).build();//2000 httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //3.发起请求,获取响应信息 //3.1 创建httpClient CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { //3.2 发起请求,获取响应信息 response = httpClient.execute(httpGet, new BasicHttpContext()); //如果返回结果的code不等于200,说明出错了 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200) { System.out.println("request url failed, http code=" + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() + ", url=" + url); return null; } //4.解析请求结果 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); //reponse返回的数据在entity中 if (entity != null) { String resultStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8"); //将数据转化为string格式 System.out.println("GET请求结果:"+resultStr); JSONObject result = JSON.parseObject(resultStr); //将String转换为 JSONObject if(result.getInteger("errcode")==null) { return result; }else if (0 == result.getInteger("errcode")) { return result; }else { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ",return value="); System.out.println(resultStr); int errCode = result.getInteger("errcode"); String errMsg = result.getString("errmsg"); throw new Exception("error code:"+errCode+", error message:"+errMsg); } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ", exception, msg=" + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (response != null) try { response.close(); //释放资源 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return null; } /** 2.发起POST请求 * @desc : * * @param url 请求url * @param data 请求参数(json) * @return * @throws Exception JSONObject */ public static JSONObject doPost(String url, Object data) throws Exception { //1.生成一个请求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); //2.配置请求属性 //2.1 设置请求超时时间 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(100000).setConnectTimeout(100000).build(); httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); //2.2 设置数据传输格式-json httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); //2.3 设置请求参数 StringEntity requestEntity = new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(data), "utf-8"); httpPost.setEntity(requestEntity); //3.发起请求,获取响应信息 //3.1 创建httpClient CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { //3.3 发起请求,获取响应 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, new BasicHttpContext()); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200) { System.out.println("request url failed, http code=" + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() + ", url=" + url); return null; } //获取响应内容 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { String resultStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8"); System.out.println("POST请求结果:"+resultStr); //解析响应内容 JSONObject result = JSON.parseObject(resultStr); if(result.getInteger("errcode")==null) { return result; }else if (0 == result.getInteger("errcode")) { return result; }else { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ",return value="); System.out.println(resultStr); int errCode = result.getInteger("errcode"); String errMsg = result.getString("errmsg"); throw new Exception("error code:"+errCode+", error message:"+errMsg); } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ", exception, msg=" + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (response != null) try { response.close(); //释放资源 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return null; } /** * @desc : 3.上传文件 * * @param url 请求url * @param file 上传的文件 * @return * @throws Exception JSONObject */ public static JSONObject uploadMedia(String url, File file) throws Exception { HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(5000).setConnectTimeout(5000).build(); httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); HttpEntity requestEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("media", new FileBody(file, ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, file.getName())).build(); httpPost.setEntity(requestEntity); try { response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, new BasicHttpContext()); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200) { System.out.println("request url failed, http code=" + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() + ", url=" + url); return null; } HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { String resultStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8"); JSONObject result = JSON.parseObject(resultStr); //上传临时素材成功 if (result.getString("errcode")== null) { // 成功 //result.remove("errcode"); //result.remove("errmsg"); return result; } else { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ",return value="); System.out.println(resultStr); int errCode = result.getInteger("errcode"); String errMsg = result.getString("errmsg"); throw new Exception("error code:"+errCode+", error message:"+errMsg); } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ", exception, msg=" + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (response != null) try { response.close(); //释放资源 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return null; } /** * @desc : 4.下载文件 -get * * @param url 请求url * @param fileDir 下载路径 * @return * @throws Exception File */ public static File downloadMedia(String url, String fileDir) throws Exception { //1.生成一个请求 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); //2.配置请求属性 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(100000).setConnectTimeout(100000).build(); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //3.发起请求,获取响应信息 //3.1 创建httpClient CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; //4.设置本地保存的文件 //File file = new File(fileDir); File file = null; try { //5. 发起请求,获取响应信息 response = httpClient.execute(httpGet, new BasicHttpContext()); System.out.println("HttpStatus.SC_OK:"+HttpStatus.SC_OK); System.out.println("response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode():"+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()); System.out.println("http-header:"+JSON.toJSONString( response.getAllHeaders() )); System.out.println("http-filename:"+getFileName(response) ); //请求成功 if(HttpStatus.SC_OK==response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()){ //6.取得请求内容 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { //这里可以得到文件的类型 如image/jpg /zip /tiff 等等 但是发现并不是十分有效,有时明明后缀是.rar但是取到的是null,这点特别说明 System.out.println(entity.getContentType()); //可以判断是否是文件数据流 System.out.println(entity.isStreaming()); //6.1 输出流 //6.1.1获取文件名,拼接文件路径 String fileName=getFileName(response); fileDir=fileDir+fileName; file = new File(fileDir); //6.1.2根据文件路径获取输出流 FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file); //6.2 输入流:从钉钉服务器返回的文件流,得到网络资源并写入文件 InputStream input = entity.getContent(); //6.3 将数据写入文件:将输入流中的数据写入到输出流 byte b[] = new byte[1024]; int j = 0; while( (j = input.read(b))!=-1){ output.write(b,0,j); } output.flush(); output.close(); } if (entity != null) { entity.consumeContent(); } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ", exception, msg=" + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (response != null) try { response.close(); //释放资源 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return file; } /** * @desc : 5.下载文件 - post * * @param url 请求url * @param data post请求参数 * @param fileDir 文件下载路径 * @return * @throws Exception File */ public static File downloadMedia(String url, Object data, String fileDir) throws Exception { //1.生成一个请求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); //2.配置请求属性 //2.1 设置请求超时时间 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(100000).setConnectTimeout(100000).build(); httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); //2.2 设置数据传输格式-json httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); //2.3 设置请求参数 StringEntity requestEntity = new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(data), "utf-8"); httpPost.setEntity(requestEntity); //3.发起请求,获取响应信息 //3.1 创建httpClient CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; //4.设置本地保存的文件 //File file = new File(fileDir); File file = null; try { //5. 发起请求,获取响应信息 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, new BasicHttpContext()); System.out.println("HttpStatus.SC_OK:"+HttpStatus.SC_OK); System.out.println("response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode():"+response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()); System.out.println("http-header:"+JSON.toJSONString( response.getAllHeaders() )); System.out.println("http-filename:"+getFileName(response) ); //请求成功 if(HttpStatus.SC_OK==response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()){ //6.取得请求内容 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { //这里可以得到文件的类型 如image/jpg /zip /tiff 等等 但是发现并不是十分有效,有时明明后缀是.rar但是取到的是null,这点特别说明 System.out.println(entity.getContentType()); //可以判断是否是文件数据流 System.out.println(entity.isStreaming()); //6.1 输出流 //6.1.1获取文件名,拼接文件路径 String fileName=getFileName(response); fileDir=fileDir+fileName; file = new File(fileDir); //6.1.2根据文件路径获取输出流 FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file); //6.2 输入流:从钉钉服务器返回的文件流,得到网络资源并写入文件 InputStream input = entity.getContent(); //6.3 将数据写入文件:将输入流中的数据写入到输出流 byte b[] = new byte[1024]; int j = 0; while( (j = input.read(b))!=-1){ output.write(b,0,j); } output.flush(); output.close(); } if (entity != null) { entity.consumeContent(); } } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("request url=" + url + ", exception, msg=" + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (response != null) try { response.close(); //释放资源 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return file; } /** 5. 获取response header中Content-Disposition中的filename值 * @desc : * * @param response 响应 * @return String */ public static String getFileName(HttpResponse response) { Header contentHeader = response.getFirstHeader("Content-Disposition"); String filename = null; if (contentHeader != null) { HeaderElement[] values = contentHeader.getElements(); if (values.length == 1) { NameValuePair param = values[0].getParameterByName("filename"); if (param != null) { try { //filename = new String(param.getValue().toString().getBytes(), "utf-8"); //filename=URLDecoder.decode(param.getValue(),"utf-8"); filename = param.getValue(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } return filename; } }
3.Token相关工具类—AuthHelper.java
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package com.ray.weixin.gz.util; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URLDecoder; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.util.Formatter; import java.util.UUID; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager; import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.ray.weixin.gz.config.Env; /** * 微信公众号 Token、配置工具类 * @desc : AccessToken、Jsticket 、Jsapi * * @author: shirayner * @date : 2017年9月27日 下午5:00:25 */ public class AuthHelper { private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(AuthHelper.class); //1.获取access_token的接口地址,有效期为7200秒 private static final String GET_ACCESSTOKEN_URL="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET"; //2.获取getJsapiTicket的接口地址,有效期为7200秒 private static final String GET_JSAPITICKET_URL="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi"; //3.通过code换取网页授权access_token private static final String GET_ACCESSTOKEN_BYCODE_URL="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code"; /** * @desc :1.获取access_token * * @param appId 第三方用户唯一凭证 * @param appSecret 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥,即appsecret * * @return * access_token 获取到的凭证 * expires_in 凭证有效时间,单位:秒 * @throws Exception String */ public static String getAccessToken(String appId,String appSecret) throws Exception { //1.获取请求url String url=GET_ACCESSTOKEN_URL.replace("APPID", appId).replace("APPSECRET", appSecret); //2.发起GET请求,获取返回结果 JSONObject jsonObject=HttpHelper.doGet(url); logger.info("jsonObject:"+jsonObject.toJSONString()); //3.解析结果,获取accessToken String accessToken=""; if (null != jsonObject) { //4.错误消息处理 if (jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")!=null && 0 != jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")) { int errCode = jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"); String errMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg"); throw new Exception("error code:"+errCode+", error message:"+errMsg); //5.成功获取accessToken }else { accessToken=jsonObject.getString("access_token"); } } return accessToken; } /** * @desc :2.获取JsapiTicket * * @param accessToken 有效凭证 * @return * @throws Exception String */ public static String getJsapiTicket(String accessToken) throws Exception { //1.获取请求url String url=GET_JSAPITICKET_URL.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken); //2.发起GET请求,获取返回结果 JSONObject jsonObject=HttpHelper.doGet(url); logger.info("jsonObject:"+jsonObject.toJSONString()); //3.解析结果,获取accessToken String jsapiTicket=""; if (null != jsonObject) { //4.错误消息处理 if (jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")!=null && 0 != jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")) { int errCode = jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"); String errMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg"); throw new Exception("error code:"+errCode+", error message:"+errMsg); //5.成功获取jsapiTicket }else { jsapiTicket=jsonObject.getString("ticket"); } } return jsapiTicket; } /** * @desc : 3.通过code换取网页授权access_token * * @param appId 第三方用户唯一凭证 * @param appSecret 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥,即appsecret * @param Code code作为换取access_token的票据,每次用户授权带上的code将不一样,code只能使用一次,5分钟未被使用自动过期。 * * @return * access_token 网页授权接口调用凭证,注意:此access_token与基础支持的access_token不同 * expires_in access_token接口调用凭证超时时间,单位(秒) * refresh_token 用户刷新access_token * openid 用户唯一标识,请注意,在未关注公众号时,用户访问公众号的网页,也会产生一个用户和公众号唯一的OpenID * scope 用户授权的作用域,使用逗号(,)分隔 * * @throws Exception String */ public static JSONObject getAccessTokenByCode(String appId,String appSecret,String code) throws Exception { //1.获取请求url String url=GET_ACCESSTOKEN_BYCODE_URL.replace("APPID", appId).replace("SECRET", appSecret).replace("CODE", code); //2.发起GET请求,获取返回结果 JSONObject jsonObject=HttpHelper.doGet(url); logger.info("jsonObject:"+jsonObject.toJSONString()); //3.解析结果,获取accessToken JSONObject returnJsonObject=null; if (null != jsonObject) { //4.错误消息处理 if (jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")!=null && 0 != jsonObject.getInteger("errcode")) { int errCode = jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"); String errMsg = jsonObject.getString("errmsg"); throw new Exception("error code:"+errCode+", error message:"+errMsg); //5.成功获取accessToken }else { returnJsonObject=jsonObject; } } return returnJsonObject; } /** * @desc :4.获取前端jsapi需要的配置参数 * * @param request * @return String */ public static String getJsapiConfig(HttpServletRequest request){ //1.准备好参与签名的字段 //1.1 url /* *以http://localhost/test.do?a=b&c=d为例 *request.getRequestURL的结果是http://localhost/test.do *request.getQueryString的返回值是a=b&c=d */ String urlString = request.getRequestURL().toString(); String queryString = request.getQueryString(); String queryStringEncode = null; String url; if (queryString != null) { queryStringEncode = URLDecoder.decode(queryString); url = urlString + "?" + queryStringEncode; } else { url = urlString; } //1.2 noncestr String nonceStr=UUID.randomUUID().toString(); //随机数 //1.3 timestamp long timeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000; //时间戳参数 String signedUrl = url; String accessToken = null; String ticket = null; String signature = null; //签名 try { //1.4 jsapi_ticket accessToken=getAccessToken(Env.APP_ID, Env.APP_SECRET); ticket=getJsapiTicket(accessToken); //2.进行签名,获取signature signature=getSign(ticket,nonceStr,timeStamp,signedUrl); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } logger.info("accessToken:"+accessToken); logger.info("ticket:"+ticket); logger.info("nonceStr:"+nonceStr); logger.info("timeStamp:"+timeStamp); logger.info("signedUrl:"+signedUrl); logger.info("signature:"+signature); logger.info("appId:"+Env.APP_ID); String configValue = "{signature:'" + signature + "',nonceStr:'" + nonceStr + "',timeStamp:'" + timeStamp + "',appId:'" + Env.APP_ID + "'}"; logger.info("configValue:"+configValue); return configValue; } /** * @desc : 3.生成签名的函数 * * @param ticket jsticket * @param nonceStr 随机串,自己定义 * @param timeStamp 生成签名用的时间戳 * @param url 需要进行免登鉴权的页面地址,也就是执行dd.config的页面地址 * @return * @throws Exception String */ public static String getSign(String jsTicket, String nonceStr, Long timeStamp, String url) throws Exception { String plainTex = "jsapi_ticket=" + jsTicket + "&noncestr=" + nonceStr + "×tamp=" + timeStamp + "&url=" + url; System.out.println(plainTex); try { MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); crypt.reset(); crypt.update(plainTex.getBytes("UTF-8")); return byteToHex(crypt.digest()); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { throw new Exception(e.getMessage()); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new Exception(e.getMessage()); } } //将bytes类型的数据转化为16进制类型 private static String byteToHex(byte[] hash) { Formatter formatter = new Formatter(); for (byte b : hash) { formatter.format("%02x", new Object[] { Byte.valueOf(b) }); } String result = formatter.toString(); formatter.close(); return result; } }
4.验证URL的servlet—WeiXinServlet
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package com.ray.weixin.gz.controller; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager; import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger; import com.qq.weixin.mp.aes.AesException; import com.qq.weixin.mp.aes.WXBizMsgCrypt; import com.ray.weixin.gz.config.Env; import com.ray.weixin.gz.service.message.ReplyMessageService; /** * Servlet implementation class WeiXinServlet */ public class WeiXinServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(WeiXinServlet.class); private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * Default constructor. */ public WeiXinServlet() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } //1.接收 回调模式 的请求 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { logger.info("get--------------"); //一、校验URL //1.准备校验参数 // 微信加密签名 String msgSignature = request.getParameter("signature"); // 时间戳 String timeStamp = request.getParameter("timestamp"); // 随机数 String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce"); // 随机字符串 String echoStr = request.getParameter("echostr"); PrintWriter out=null; try { //2.校验url //2.1 创建加解密类 WXBizMsgCrypt wxcpt = new WXBizMsgCrypt(Env.TOKEN,Env.ENCODING_AES_KEY,Env.APP_ID); //2.2进行url校验 //不抛异常就说明校验成功 String sEchoStr= wxcpt.verifyUrl_WXGZ(msgSignature, Env.TOKEN, timeStamp, nonce,echoStr); //2.3若校验成功,则原样返回 echoStr out = response.getWriter(); out.print(sEchoStr); } catch (AesException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (out != null) { out.close(); out = null; //释放资源 } } } //2.接收 微信消息和事件 的请求 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { logger.info("post--------------"); //1.将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8(防止中文乱码) request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //2.调用消息业务类接收消息、处理消息 String respMessage = ReplyMessageService.reply(request); //3.响应消息 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.print(respMessage); out.close(); } }
5.微信公众号SHA1加密算法工具类—SHA1.java
此类是信官方的消息加解密的工具包中的一个类,我在原来的基础上增加了一个方法 getSHA1_WXGZ(String, String, String)
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/** * 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码. * * @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc. */ // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ package com.qq.weixin.mp.aes; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.util.Arrays; /** * SHA1 class * * 计算公众平台的消息签名接口. */ class SHA1 { /** * 用SHA1算法生成安全签名 * @param token 票据 * @param timestamp 时间戳 * @param nonce 随机字符串 * @param encrypt 密文 * @return 安全签名 * @throws AesException */ public static String getSHA1(String token, String timestamp, String nonce, String encrypt) throws AesException { try { String[] array = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt }; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); // 字符串排序 Arrays.sort(array); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { sb.append(array[i]); } String str = sb.toString(); // SHA1签名生成 MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); md.update(str.getBytes()); byte[] digest = md.digest(); StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer(); String shaHex = ""; for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) { shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF); if (shaHex.length() < 2) { hexstr.append(0); } hexstr.append(shaHex); } return hexstr.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.ComputeSignatureError); } } /** * 微信公众号SHA1加密算法 * 用SHA1算法生成安全签名 * @param token 票据 * @param timestamp 时间戳 * @param nonce 随机字符串 * @return 安全签名 * @throws AesException */ public static String getSHA1_WXGZ(String token, String timestamp, String nonce) throws AesException { try { String[] array = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce }; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); //1.将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序 Arrays.sort(array); //2.将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { sb.append(array[i]); } String str = sb.toString(); //2.2 SHA1签名生成 MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); md.update(str.getBytes()); byte[] digest = md.digest(); StringBuffer hexstr = new StringBuffer(); String shaHex = ""; for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) { shaHex = Integer.toHexString(digest[i] & 0xFF); if (shaHex.length() < 2) { hexstr.append(0); } hexstr.append(shaHex); } return hexstr.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.ComputeSignatureError); } } }
6.校验url—WXBizMsgCrypt.java
此类是信官方的消息加解密的工具包中的一个类,我在原来的基础上增加了一个方法 verifyUrl_WXGZ(String msgSignature, String token , String timeStamp, String nonce,String echoStr)
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/** * 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码. * * @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc. */ // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ /** * 针对org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64, * 需要导入架包commons-codec-1.9(或commons-codec-1.8等其他版本) * 官方下载地址:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/download_codec.cgi */ package com.qq.weixin.mp.aes; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Random; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; /** * 提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口(UTF8编码的字符串). * <ol> * <li>第三方回复加密消息给公众平台</li> * <li>第三方收到公众平台发送的消息,验证消息的安全性,并对消息进行解密。</li> * </ol> * 说明:异常java.security.InvalidKeyException:illegal Key Size的解决方案 * <ol> * <li>在官方网站下载JCE无限制权限策略文件(JDK7的下载地址: * http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html</li> * <li>下载后解压,可以看到local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar以及readme.txt</li> * <li>如果安装了JRE,将两个jar文件放到%JRE_HOME%\lib\security目录下覆盖原来的文件</li> * <li>如果安装了JDK,将两个jar文件放到%JDK_HOME%\jre\lib\security目录下覆盖原来文件</li> * </ol> */ public class WXBizMsgCrypt { static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8"); Base64 base64 = new Base64(); byte[] aesKey; String token; String corpId; /** * 构造函数 * @param token 公众平台上,开发者设置的token * @param encodingAesKey 公众平台上,开发者设置的EncodingAESKey * @param corpId 企业的corpid * * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ public WXBizMsgCrypt(String token, String encodingAesKey, String corpId) throws AesException { if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43) { throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey); } this.token = token; this.corpId = corpId; aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "="); } // 生成4个字节的网络字节序 byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber) { byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4]; orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF); orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF); orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF); orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF); return orderBytes; } // 还原4个字节的网络字节序 int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes) { int sourceNumber = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { sourceNumber <<= 8; sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff; } return sourceNumber; } // 随机生成16位字符串 String getRandomStr() { String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"; Random random = new Random(); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { int number = random.nextInt(base.length()); sb.append(base.charAt(number)); } return sb.toString(); } /** * 对明文进行加密. * * @param text 需要加密的明文 * @return 加密后base64编码的字符串 * @throws AesException aes加密失败 */ String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException { ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup(); byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET); byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET); byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length); byte[] corpidBytes = corpId.getBytes(CHARSET); // randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + corpid byteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes); byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder); byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes); byteCollector.addBytes(corpidBytes); // ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充 byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size()); byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes); // 获得最终的字节流, 未加密 byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes(); try { // 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding"); SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES"); IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv); // 加密 byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted); // 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码 String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted); return base64Encrypted; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError); } } /** * 对密文进行解密. * * @param text 需要解密的密文 * @return 解密得到的明文 * @throws AesException aes解密失败 */ String decrypt(String text) throws AesException { byte[] original; try { // 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding"); SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES"); IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16)); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv); // 使用BASE64对密文进行解码 byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text); // 解密 original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError); } String xmlContent, from_corpid; try { // 去除补位字符 byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original); // 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和corpId byte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20); int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder); xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET); from_corpid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length), CHARSET); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer); } // corpid不相同的情况 if (!from_corpid.equals(corpId)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateCorpidError); } return xmlContent; } /** * 将公众平台回复用户的消息加密打包. * <ol> * <li>对要发送的消息进行AES-CBC加密</li> * <li>生成安全签名</li> * <li>将消息密文和安全签名打包成xml格式</li> * </ol> * * @param replyMsg 公众平台待回复用户的消息,xml格式的字符串 * @param timeStamp 时间戳,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机串,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的nonce * * @return 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文,包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串 * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ public String EncryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException { // 加密 String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg); // 生成安全签名 if (timeStamp == "") { timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()); } String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt); // System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString()); // 生成发送的xml String result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce); return result; } /** * 检验消息的真实性,并且获取解密后的明文. * <ol> * <li>利用收到的密文生成安全签名,进行签名验证</li> * <li>若验证通过,则提取xml中的加密消息</li> * <li>对消息进行解密</li> * </ol> * * @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature * @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce * @param postData 密文,对应POST请求的数据 * * @return 解密后的原文 * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ public String DecryptMsg(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String postData) throws AesException { // 密钥,公众账号的app secret // 提取密文 Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(postData); // 验证安全签名 String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt[1].toString()); // 和URL中的签名比较是否相等 // System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名:" + msg_sign); // System.out.println("第三方校验签名:" + signature); if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError); } // 解密 String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString()); return result; } /** * 验证URL * @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature * @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce * @param echoStr 随机串,对应URL参数的echostr,在企业微信中是加密过的,需要解密后返回给企业微信官方服务器 * * @return 解密之后的echostr * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ public String VerifyURL(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr) throws AesException { String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr); if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError); } String result = decrypt(echoStr); return result; } /** * @desc :微信公众号 验证url * * @param msgSignature 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature * @param token 公众平台上,开发者设置的token * @param timeStamp 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp * @param nonce 随机数,对应URL参数的nonce * @param echoStr 随机串,对应URL参数的echostr,在微信公众号中是明文的,直接原样返回给微信公众平台官方服务器 * @return * String 验证成功后,原样返回echoStr * @throws AesException 执行失败,请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息 */ public String verifyUrl_WXGZ(String msgSignature, String token , String timeStamp, String nonce,String echoStr) throws AesException { //1.进行SHA1加密 String signature = SHA1.getSHA1_WXGZ(token, timeStamp, nonce); //2.验证 token、timestamp、nonce进行SHA1加密生成的signature 是否与url传过来msgSignature相同 if (!signature.equals(msgSignature)) { throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError); } //3.若不抛异常,则url验证成功,原样返回echoStr String result = echoStr; return result; } }