Android NDK开发三：java和C\C++交互

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/shangdahao/archive/2013/05/02/3053971.html

1、定义native方法并加载动态链接库：

public class HelloJni extends Activity
{
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        TextView  tv = new TextView(this);
        tv.setText( stringFromJNI() );
        setContentView(tv);
    }


    public native String  stringFromJNI();


    public native String  unimplementedStringFromJNI();


    static {
        System.loadLibrary("hello-jni");
    }
}

2、实现native方法：

#include <string.h>
#include <jni.h>
jstring
Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI( JNIEnv* env,
jobject thiz )
{
return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from JNI !"); //in c
return env->NewStringUTF("Hello from JNI !");         //in c++

}

若要定义静态方法：

JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI
(JNIEnv * env, jclass clazz);

头文件可以用javah工具生成：
进入命令行，切换到项目的bin目录下的classes下面，执行 javah -classpath . -jni 包.类名。
或者：cd 到src目录中,执行 javah 包.类名

3、数据
原始数据类型：


引用数据类型：


4、字符窜的操作：
1）新建字符串：

jstring javaString;

javaString = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello World!");

2）把java string转换成c string

const jbyte* str;
jboolean isCopy;
str = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, javaString, &isCopy);
if (0 != str) {
printf("Java string: %s", str);
if (JNI_TRUE == isCopy) {
printf("C string is a copy of the Java string.");
} else {
printf("C string points to actual string.");
}
(*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, javaString, str);

5、数组的操作：
1)新建java数组：

jintArray javaArray;
javaArray = (*env)->NewIntArray(env, 10);
if (0 != javaArray) {
/* You can now use the array. */
}

2）获取数组的值：

jint nativeArray[10];
//将java array 复制到 c array
(*env)->GetIntArrayRegion(env, javaArray, 0, 10, nativeArray);
//将 c array 还原城 java array
(*env)->SetIntArrayRegion(env, javaArray, 0, 10, nativeArray);

获取数组指针：

jint* nativeDirectArray;
jboolean isCopy;
nativeDirectArray = (*env)->GetIntArrayElements(env, javaArray, &isCopy);
//...
(*env)->ReleaseIntArrayElements(env, javaArray, nativeDirectArray, 0);

6、C\C++获取java成员变量

public class JavaClass {
/** Instance field */
private String instanceField = "Instance Field";
/** Static field */
private static String staticField = "Static Field";
...
}

1）获取Field ID

jclass clazz;
clazz = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, instance);
 
jfieldID instanceFieldId;
instanceFieldId = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, clazz,
"instanceField", "Ljava/lang/String;");
 
jfieldID staticFieldId;
staticFieldId = (*env)->GetStaticFieldID(env, clazz,
"staticField", "Ljava/lang/String;");

2）获取Static Field

jstring staticField;
staticField = (*env)->GetStaticObjectField(env, clazz, staticFieldId);

7、C\C++调用java函数

public class JavaClass {
/**
* Instance method.
*/
private String instanceMethod() {
return "Instance Method";
}
/**
* Static method.
*/
private static String staticMethod() {
return "Static Method";
}
...
}

1）获取Method ID：
成员函数：

jmethodID instanceMethodId;
instanceMethodId = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, clazz,
"instanceMethod", "()Ljava/lang/String;");

静态函数：

jmethodID staticMethodId;
staticMethodId = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, clazz,
"staticMethod", "()Ljava/lang/String;");

2）调用：

jstring instanceMethodResult;
instanceMethodResult = (*env)->CallStringMethod(env,
instance, instanceMethodId);

变量和函数的描述符：

javap工具可以提取从编译过的class files 中提取这些描述符：

javap –classpath bin/classes –p –s com.example.hellojni.HelloJni

8、处理异常：

public class JavaClass {
/**
* Throwing method.
*/
private void throwingMethod() throws NullPointerException {
　　 throw new NullPointerException("Null pointer");
}
/**
* Access methods native method.
*/
private native void accessMethods();
}

jthrowable ex;
...
(*env)->CallVoidMethod(env, instance, throwingMethodId);
ex = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env);
if (0 != ex) {
(*env)->ExceptionClear(env);
/* Exception handler. */
}

从c\c++抛异常：

jclass clazz;
...
clazz = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/NullPointerException");
if (0 ! = clazz) {
(*env)->ThrowNew(env, clazz, "Exception message.");
}

9、本地和全局变量：
1）本地变量在函数结束时自动释放内存：

jclass clazz;
clazz = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String");

2）新建全局变量：

jclass localClazz;
jclass globalClazz;
...
localClazz = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/String");
globalClazz = (*env)->NewGlobalRef(env, localClazz);
...
(*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, localClazz);

3）释放全局变量：

(*env)->DeleteGlobalRef(env, globalClazz);

4）弱全局引用：
弱全局引用可以被内存自动回收：

jclass weakGlobalClazz;
weakGlobalClazz = (*env)->NewWeakGlobalRef(env, localClazz);
if (JNI_FALSE == (*env)->IsSameObject(env, weakGlobalClazz, NULL)) {
/* Object is still live and can be used. */
} else {
/* Object is garbage collected and cannot be used. */
}
(*env)->DeleteWeakGlobalRef(env, weakGlobalClazz);

10、线程：

synchronized(obj) {
/* Synchronized thread-safe code block. */
}

if (JNI_OK == (*env)->MonitorEnter(env, obj)) {
/* Error handling. */
}
/* Synchronized thread-safe code block. */
if (JNI_OK == (*env)->MonitorExit(env, obj)) {
/* Error handling. */
}

native线程不能和java直接通信，必须先绑定到javaVM

JavaVM* cachedJvm;
...
JNIEnv* env;
...
/* Attach the current thread to virtual machine. */
(*cachedJvm)->AttachCurrentThread(cachedJvm, &env, NULL);
/* Thread can communicate with the Java application
using the JNIEnv interface. */
/* Detach the current thread from virtual machine. */
(*cachedJvm)->DetachCurrentThread(cachedJvm);