Configuring Network Configuration-RHEL7
1、查看网络状态systemctl status NetworkManager
You can use the systemctl status NetworkManager command to verify its current status. When NetworkManager comes up, it reads the network card configuration scripts, which are in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts and have a name that starts with ifcfg and is followed by the name of the network card.
[root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl status NetworkManager ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-06-27 14:49:51 EDT; 1min 16s ago Main PID: 685 (NetworkManager) CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service └─685 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon Jun 27 14:49:51 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> wpa_supplicant running Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> (enp0s3): device state change: config -> ip-config (reason 'none') [50 70 0] Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> (enp0s3): device state change: ip-config -> ip-check (reason 'none') [70 80 0] Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> (enp0s3): device state change: ip-check -> secondaries (reason 'none') [80 90 0] Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> (enp0s3): device state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none') [90 100 0] Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> Policy set 'enp0s3' (enp0s3) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS. Jun 27 14:49:53 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> (enp0s3): Activation: successful, device activated. Jun 27 14:49:56 rhel7.com NetworkManager[685]: <info> startup complete [root@rhel7 ~]#
2、查看网卡配置 ip addr show
To show current network settings, you can use the ip addr show.
[root@rhel7 ~]# ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:d8:65:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.111/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fed8:650a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@rhel7 ~]#
3、Showing Current Connection Status：nmcli conn show
[root@rhel7 ~]# nmcli conn show NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE enp0s3 895e0994-685c-4345-935b-a0e3af6a8cdb 802-3-ethernet enp0s3
After finding the name of the connection, you can use nmcli con show followed by the name of the connection to see all properties of the connection. Notice that this command shows many properties. #nmcli conn show enp0s3
[root@rhel7 ~]# nmcli conn show enp0s3 connection.id: enp0s3 connection.uuid: 895e0994-685c-4345-935b-a0e3af6a8cdb connection.interface-name: enp0s3 connection.type: 802-3-ethernet connection.autoconnect: yes connection.autoconnect-priority: 0 connection.timestamp: 1467054591 connection.read-only: no connection.permissions: connection.zone: -- connection.master: -- connection.slave-type: -- connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default) connection.secondaries: connection.gateway-ping-timeout: 0 connection.metered: unknown 802-3-ethernet.port: -- 802-3-ethernet.speed: 0 802-3-ethernet.duplex: -- 802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate: yes 802-3-ethernet.mac-address: -- 802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address: -- 802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist: 802-3-ethernet.mtu: auto 802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels: 802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype: -- 802-3-ethernet.s390-options: 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan: 1 (default) 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password: -- ipv4.method: manual ipv4.dns: ipv4.dns-search: ipv4.addresses: 192.168.1.111/24 ipv4.gateway: 192.168.1.100 ipv4.routes: ipv4.route-metric: -1 ipv4.ignore-auto-routes: no ipv4.ignore-auto-dns: no ipv4.dhcp-client-id: -- ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname: yes ipv4.dhcp-hostname: -- ipv4.never-default: no ipv4.may-fail: yes ipv6.method: auto ipv6.dns: ipv6.dns-search: ipv6.addresses: ipv6.gateway: -- ipv6.routes: ipv6.route-metric: -1 ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no ipv6.never-default: no ipv6.may-fail: yes ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown) ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname: yes ipv6.dhcp-hostname: -- GENERAL.NAME: enp0s3 GENERAL.UUID: 895e0994-685c-4345-935b-a0e3af6a8cdb GENERAL.DEVICES: enp0s3 GENERAL.STATE: activated GENERAL.DEFAULT: yes GENERAL.DEFAULT6: no GENERAL.VPN: no GENERAL.ZONE: -- GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/0 GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/0 GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT: / GENERAL.MASTER-PATH: -- IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.1.111/24 IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.1.100 IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::a00:27ff:fed8:650a/64 IP6.GATEWAY: [root@rhel7 ~]#
You can also use nmcli to show an overview of currently configured devices and the status of these devices. Type, for instance, the nmcli dev status command to show a list of all devices, and nmcli dev show <devicename> to show settings for a specific device.
[root@rhel7 ~]# nmcli dev show enp0s3 GENERAL.DEVICE: enp0s3 GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet GENERAL.HWADDR: 08:00:27:D8:65:0A GENERAL.MTU: 1500 GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected) GENERAL.CONNECTION: enp0s3 GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/0 WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.1.111/24 IP4.GATEWAY: 192.168.1.100 IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::a00:27ff:fed8:650a/64 IP6.GATEWAY:
nmcli工具还可用户直接配置、修改网络设置，但是命令用起来比较复杂，还不如直接修改配置文件或是使用nmtui命令方便。
4、使用nmtui工具配置网络
If you do not like the complicated syntax of the nmcli command line, you might like nmtui . This is a text user interface that allows you to create network connections easily.
[root@rhel7 ~]# nmtui ┌─┤ NetworkManager TUI ├──┐ │ │ │ Please select an option │ │ │ │ Edit a connection │ │ Activate a connection │ │ Set system hostname │ │ │ │ Quit │ │ │ │ <OK> │ │ │ └─────────────────────────┘
┌───────────────────────────┤ Edit Connection ├───────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Profile name enp0s3__________________________________ │ │ Device enp0s3 (08:00:27:D8:65:0A)______________ │ │ │ │ ═ ETHERNET <Show> │ │ │ │ ╤ IPv4 CONFIGURATION <Manual> <Hide> │ │ │ Addresses 192.168.1.111/24_________ <Remove> │ │ │ <Add...> │ │ │ Gateway 192.168.1.100____________ │ │ │ DNS servers <Add...> │ │ │ Search domains <Add...> │ │ │ │ │ │ Routing (No custom routes) <Edit...> │ │ │ [ ] Never use this network for default route │ │ │ │ │ │ [ ] Require IPv4 addressing for this connection │ │ └ │ │ │ │ ═ IPv6 CONFIGURATION <Automatic> <Show> │ │ │ │ [X] Automatically connect │ │ [X] Available to all users │ │ │ │ <Cancel> <OK> │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
The nmtui interface consists of three menu options:
■ Edit a Connection: Use this option to create new connections or edit existing connections.
■ Activate a Connection: Use this to (re)activate a connection.
■ Set System Hostname: Use this to set the hostname of your computer.
5、 The nm-connection-editor interface
这个命令是登录到图形界面，在终端执行nm-connection-editor命令，打开网络配置编辑器，能完成简单的网卡配置。
6、直接修改网络配置文件
Working on Network Configuration Files Every connection that you create is stored as a configuration file in the directory /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts. The name of the configuration files starts with ifcfg- and is followed by the name of the network interface.
[root@rhel7 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=none DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=enp0s3 UUID=895e0994-685c-4345-935b-a0e3af6a8cdb DEVICE=enp0s3 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.1.111 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.100 IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
Normally, there should be no need to modify these configuration files manually. If you want to, though, you can. After making changes to the configuration file, use the nmcli con reload command to activate the new configuration. --修改完配置文件后，使用命令nmcli conn reload使配置生效
