getElementsByAttribute

这个可以说属性选择符的JS版，用来遴选元素是适合不过。在开始之前，我们复习一下CSS2的属性选择符，JQuery高手可以跳过。

属性选择符：

名称	语法	描述	例子
Simple Attribute Selector	[Attr] 或者tagName[Attr]	选择具有此属性的元素	blockquote[title] { color: red }
Attribute Value Selector	[Attr="value"] 或者tagName[Attr="value"]	选出属性值精确等于给出值的元素	h2[align="left"] { cursor: hand }
"Begins-with" Attribute Value Selector	[Attr^="value"] 或者tagName[Attr^="value"]	选出属性值以给出值开头的元素	h2[align^="right"] { cursor: hand }
"Ends-with" Attribute Value Selector	[Attr$="value"] 或者tagName[Attr$="value"]	选出属性值以给出值结尾的元素	div[class$="vml"]{behavior: url(#VMLRender)}
Substring-match Attribute Value Selector	[Attr="value"] 或者tagName[Attr="value"]	选出属性值包含给出值的元素	div[class*="grid"]{float:left}
One-Of-Many Attribute Value Selector	[Attr~="value"] 或者tagName[Attr~="value"]	原元素的属性值为多个单词，给出值为其中一个。	li[class~="last"]{padding-left:2em}
Hyphen Attribute Value Selector	[Attr\|="value"] 或者tagName[Attr\|="value"]	原元素的属性值等于给出值，或者以给出值加“-”开头	span[lang\|="en"]{color:green}
反选属性值选择器	[Attr!="value"] 或者tagName[Attr!="value"]	非标准，jQuery中出现的	span[class!="red"]{color:green}

当然属性值不定要用双引号，也可以用单引号，或干脆不写。属性值可以是字母，数字，或者gb2312等编码的文字，总之，平时怎样命名变量，也应该怎样命名此属性值。如，我们可以用中文来命名变量，因此同样的事出在属性值上也没有问题。如果属性值是"#"就肯定所错，因为变量名也不能这样用。不过建议尽量用英文单词。

好了，是getElementsByAttribute的表演时间了，比网上的同名函数强大得多了。传入两个参数，第一个是字符串，必选，就是CSS2的属性性选择符，由于是字符串，里面就不要加双引号与单引号了，我也懒得匹配它。第二个是元素节点，可选，用来加快查找速度，默认是document。不过自从IE8等支持querySelector与querySelectorAll后，jQuery的选择器基本只剩下半条命，也只能在IE6，IE7这些要啥没啥的非标准浏览器作威作福罢了。因此，如果检测到浏览器支持querySelectorAll，就调用该原生方法，否则就全文档遍历匹配。

 
//***********@author：司徒正美（nasami）*************
//http://www.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/archive/2009/10/26/1590102.html
  var getElementsByAttribute = function(search){
    var tag = /([\*a-zA-Z1-6]*)?(\[(\w+)\s*(\^|\$|\*|\||~|!)?=?\s*([\w\u00C0-\uFFFF\s\-_\.]+)?\])?/,
    node = arguments[1] || document,
    agent = search.match(tag),
    tag = agent[1] || "*",
    attribute = agent[3],
    type =  agent[4]+"=",
    value = agent[5],
    ieAttrFix = {"class": "className","for": "htmlFor"},
    returnElements = [],
    //IE5.5不支持“*”
    elements = (tag === "*" && node.all)? node.all : node.getElementsByTagName(tag),
    length = elements.length;
    if((!!document.querySelectorAll) && type != "!="){
      elements = document.querySelectorAll(search);
      for(var i=0,length = elements.length;i < length;i++){
        returnElements.push(elements[i]);
      }
      return returnElements
    }
    if(!+"\v1")
      attribute = ieAttrFix[attribute] ? ieAttrFix[attribute] : attribute;
    while(--length >= 0){
      var current = elements[length],
      _value = !+"\v1" ? current[attribute] : current.getAttribute(attribute);
      if(typeof _value === "string" && _value.length > 0){
        if(!!value){
          var condition =
            type === "=" ?//完全等于
          _value === value :
            type === "!=" ?//不等于
          _value != value :
            type === "*=" ?//包含
          _value.indexOf(value) >= 0 :
            type === "~=" ?//匹配当中的某个单词，如<span class="red bold">警告</span>
          (" " + _value + " ").indexOf(value) >= 0:
            type === "^=" ?//以XX开头
          _value.indexOf(value) === 0 :
            type === "$=" ?//以XX结尾
          _value.slice(-value.length) === value:
            type === "|=" ?//匹配属性值为XX或以XX-打头的元素
          _value === value ||  _value.substring(0,value.length+1) === value+"-" :
            false;
          condition && returnElements.push(current);
        }else{
          returnElements.push(current)
        }
      }
    }
    return returnElements;
  }

最后切记，如果要使用到属性值，不要把属性值用引号引起来，直接放到等于号后面即可。放一些测试页面，让大家看看如何使用此函数。

<!doctype html>
<title>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<meta name="description" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<script type="text/javascript" defer="defer">
  var $import = function(file,callback){
    var js = document.createElement('script');
    js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    js.setAttribute('src', file);
    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js);
    if (!+"\v1"){
      js.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(/complete|loaded/.test(js.readyState)){
          callback();
        }
      }
    }else{
      js.onload = function(){
        callback();
      }
    }
  }
  window.onload = function(){
    $import("https://files.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/getElementsByAttribute.js",function(){
      getElementsByAttribute("a[href]").each(function(el){
        el.style.backgroundColor = "#69c"
      });
    });
  }
</script>
<h1>[attr]</h1>
<h2>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</h2>
<p><a name="anchor">This is an anchor.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/">This is a hyperlink.</a></p>
<p><a href="司徒正美">This is a hyperlink,too.</a></p>

<!doctype html>
<title>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<meta name="description" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<script type="text/javascript" defer="defer">
  var $import = function(file,callback){
    var js = document.createElement('script');
    js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    js.setAttribute('src', file);
    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js);
    if (!+"\v1"){
      js.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(/complete|loaded/.test(js.readyState)){
          callback();
        }
      }
    }else{
      js.onload = function(){
        callback();
      }
    }
  }
  window.onload = function(){
    $import("https://files.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/getElementsByAttribute.js",function(){
      getElementsByAttribute("[class~=first]").each(function(el){
        el.style.backgroundColor = "#E8FFE8";
      });
    });
  }
</script>
<h1>[attr~="value"]</h1>
<h2>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</h2>
 <ul>
  <li class="first">First class.</li>
  <li class="second">Second class.</li>
  <li class="third">Third class.</li>
  <li class="first second">First and second class.</li>
  <li class="first third">First and third class.</li>
  <li class="second third">Second and third class.</li>
  <li class="first second third">First, second and third class.</li>
 </ul>
 <p class="first">First class only ;-)</p>

<!doctype html>
<title>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<meta name="description" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<script type="text/javascript" defer="defer">
  var $import = function(file,callback){
    var js = document.createElement('script');
    js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    js.setAttribute('src', file);
    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js);
    if (!+"\v1"){
      js.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(/complete|loaded/.test(js.readyState)){
          callback();
        }
      }
    }else{
      js.onload = function(){
        callback();
      }
    }
  }
  window.onload = function(){
    $import("https://files.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/getElementsByAttribute.js",function(){
      getElementsByAttribute("[class|=first]").each(function(el){
        el.style.backgroundColor = "red";
      });
    });
  }
</script>
<h1>[attr|="value"]</h1>
<h2>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</h2>
<ul>
  <li class="first">First class.</li>
  <li class="second">Second class.</li>
  <li class="third">Third class.</li>
  <li class="first-second">First and second class.</li>
  <li class="first-third">First and third class.</li>
  <li class="second-third">Second and third class.</li>
  <li class="first-second-third">First, second and third class.</li>
 </ul>
 <p class="first">First class only ;-)</p>

<!doctype html>
<title>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<meta name="description" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<script type="text/javascript" defer="defer">
  var $import = function(file,callback){
    var js = document.createElement('script');
    js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    js.setAttribute('src', file);
    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js);
    if (!+"\v1"){
      js.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(/complete|loaded/.test(js.readyState)){
          callback();
        }
      }
    }else{
      js.onload = function(){
        callback();
      }
    }
  }
  window.onload = function(){
    $import("https://files.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/getElementsByAttribute.js",function(){
      getElementsByAttribute("p[title^=good]").each(function(el){
        el.style.backgroundColor = "#D7FFF0"
      });
    });
  }
</script>
<h1>[attr^="value"]</h1>
<h2>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</h2>
 <p title="hello">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p title="bye">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p title="goodbye">This starts out good...</p>

<!doctype html>
<title>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<meta name="description" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<script type="text/javascript" defer="defer">
  var $import = function(file,callback){
    var js = document.createElement('script');
    js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    js.setAttribute('src', file);
    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js);
    if (!+"\v1"){
      js.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(/complete|loaded/.test(js.readyState)){
          callback();
        }
      }
    }else{
      js.onload = function(){
        callback();
      }
    }
  }
  window.onload = function(){
    $import("https://files.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/getElementsByAttribute.js",function(){
      getElementsByAttribute("p[title$=bye]").each(function(el){
        el.style.cssText = "background:#B45B3E;color:#fff";
      });
    });
  }
</script>
<h1>[attr$="value"]</h1>
<h2>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</h2>
 <p title="hello">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p title="bye">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p title="goodbye">This starts out good...</p>

<!doctype html>
<title>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<meta name="description" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<script type="text/javascript" defer="defer">
  var $import = function(file,callback){
    var js = document.createElement('script');
    js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    js.setAttribute('src', file);
    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js);
    if (!+"\v1"){
      js.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(/complete|loaded/.test(js.readyState)){
          callback();
        }
      }
    }else{
      js.onload = function(){
        callback();
      }
    }
  }
  window.onload = function(){
    $import("https://files.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/getElementsByAttribute.js",function(){
      getElementsByAttribute("p[title*=by]").each(function(el){
        el.style.backgroundColor = "#6cc"
      });
    });
  }
</script>
<h1>[attr*="value"]</h1>
<h2>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</h2>
 <p title="hello">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p title="bye">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p title="goodbye">This starts out good...</p>

<!doctype html>
<title>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<meta name="description" content="getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美" />
<script type="text/javascript" defer="defer">
  var $import = function(file,callback){
    var js = document.createElement('script');
    js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    js.setAttribute('src', file);
    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js);
    if (!+"\v1"){
      js.onreadystatechange = function(){
        if(/complete|loaded/.test(js.readyState)){
          callback();
        }
      }
    }else{
      js.onload = function(){
        callback();
      }
    }
  }
  window.onload = function(){
    $import("https://files.cnblogs.com/rubylouvre/getElementsByAttribute.js",function(){
      getElementsByAttribute("p[class!=red]").each(function(el){
        el.style.backgroundColor = "#a9ea00";
      })
    })
  }
</script>
<h1>[attr!="value"] <span style="color:red">(非标准)</span></h1>
<h2>getElementsByAttribute by 司徒正美</h2>
 <p class="red">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p class="green">This is a normal paragraph.</p>
 <p class="yellow">This starts out good...</p>

posted on 2009-10-27 09:51 司徒正美阅读(9442) 评论(12) 编辑收藏举报

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