【高可用HA】Apache (1) —— Mac下安装Apache Httpd到自定义路径（非/etc/apache2）
Mac下安装Apache Httpd
httpd版本: httpd-2.4.17
参考来源：
Tomcat Clustering - A Step By Step Guide
Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 - Compiling and Installing
Stackoverflow - configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
Problems with compiling apache2 on Mac OS X Mountain Lion
安装
Download $ lynx http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
Extract $ gzip -d httpd-NN.tar.gz
$ tar xvf httpd-NN.tar
$ cd httpd-NN
Configure $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
Compile $ make
Install $ make install
Customize $ vi PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf
Test $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl -k start
运行错误
C compiler cannot create executables
$ sudo ./configure --prefix=/httpd-2.4.17-a
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
checking target system type... x86_64-apple-darwin14.4.0
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc"
setting CPP to "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " "
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DDARWIN -DSIGPROCMASK_SETS_THREAD_MASK -DDARWIN_10"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc
checking whether the C compiler works... no
configure: error: in `/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-a':
configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details
一个可行的解决办法
依次在Terminal中执行下面三行命令：
$ sudo xcode-select -switch /
.
sudo mkdir -p /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin
.
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/cc /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc
注意上面OSX10.10的版本号与本机操作系统的保持一致，可以在上面错误日志中找到
编译与安装
$ make
.
$ make install
当运行make时，Mac会提示错误
make: command not found
这是因为Mac下默认没有安装make，可以通过打开xcode，preferences -> Downloads -> Components，Command Line Tools安装
(Xcode5.1后不再支持通过此方式安装，需要访问Downloads for Apple Developers选择正确版本安装)
再运行make是，Mac会提示错误
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.
查看之前的./configure 执行的log发现最后执行出错"libpcre not found"
checking whether /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc accepts -g... yes
checking for /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -E
checking for /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc option to accept ISO C99... none needed
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
pcre的编译安装
$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
$ cd pcre-8.10
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
注意：此处要安装pcre，pcre2不适用
安装成功之后，在httpd目录下重新运行./configure(配置httpd到自定义目录)
$ ./configure --prefix=/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a
执行结果末尾几行的输出：
config.status: creating support/split-logfile
config.status: creating build/rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
运行
$ make
执行结果末尾几行输出：
/usr/share/apr-1/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/OSX10.10.xctoolchain/usr/bin/cc -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo
关于make可能也会输出以下信息（可以暂时忽略，稍后再关注此问题）
Building shared: mod_status.la mod_autoindex.la mod_info.la mod_cgid.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
Building shared: mod_dav_fs.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
Building shared: mod_vhost_alias.la mod_negotiation.la mod_dir.la mod_actions.la mod_speling.la mod_userdir.la mod_alias.la mod_rewrite.la
make[4]: Nothing to be done for `local-shared-build'.
运行(sudo)
$ make install
执行结果末尾几行输出：
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man/man1
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/man/man8
mkdir /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/httpd-2.4.17-b/manual
*查看端口占用
lsof -n -i TCP:80
测试
编译成功后，我们可以在编译的目标目录（此处为./cluster/httpd/node-a）下找到：
$ ls
httpd-2.4.17 node-a
$ cd node-a
$ ls
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules
先使用默认的httpd.conf配置，在/bin下执行
apachectl -k start
运行结果中会提示两个错误AH00558和AH00072
$ apachectl -k start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using weizhedeMacBook-Pro.local. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(13)Permission denied: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
AH00015: Unable to open logs
修改./cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf，加入配置ServerName
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName localhost
然后再运行相同命令，仍然报相同错误。
如果对etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf进行修改，再运行相同命令，发现AH00558错误解决，但AH00072错误仍然存在。
此处怀疑命令的权限不够
Apache error – (13)Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address，可以通过sudo运行，或者修改Apache的权限。此处暂时使用sudo
$ sudo apachectl -k start
然后AH00072错误没有了，用浏览器尝试访问localhost
此处怀疑当前运行的apachectl命令仍然使用Mac默认路径etc/apache2下的apache
为了验证这个想法，我们查看etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf文件发现其DocumentRoot为：
DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents"
<Directory "/Library/WebServer/Documents">
我们在该路径下（Command+Shift+G），找到文件index.html.en并修改
<html><body><h1>It works! Apache2 Default</h1></body></html>
然后通过浏览器重新访问localhost得到运行结果
问题来了
如何才能运行我们自定义目录下的httpd呢?
因为默认情况下，运行apachectl或者httpd命令会指向系统自带的etc/apache2目录。
如果要运行我们自行安装的./node-a/httpd实例
$ ./bin/httpd -k start
默认情况下命令回去尝试寻找"/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf"，而出错（为什么待解）
httpd: Could not open configuration file /Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf: No such file or directory
我们用"-f"指定conf文件
$ ./bin/httpd -f /Users/Richard/Documents/Dev/servers/cluster/httpd/node-a/conf/httpd.conf -k start
这时可能会遇到错误
[Tue Dec 08 14:20:58.432961 2015] [core:error] [pid 18447:tid 4381061120] (13)Permission denied: [client ::1:50428] AH00035: access to / denied (filesystem path '/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev') because search permissions are missing on a component of the path
[Tue Dec 08 14:20:58.601201 2015] [core:error] [pid 18447:tid 4381061120] (13)Permission denied: [client ::1:50428] AH00035: access to /favicon.ico denied (filesystem path '/Users/Richard/Documents/Dev') because search permissions are missing on a component of the path, referer: http://localhost:81/
可以通过Httpd Wiki上的说明，
- AH00132: file permissions deny server access
- AH00035: access denied because search permissions are missing on a component of the path
查看"./node-a/htdocs/index.html"的授权
ls -l index.html
如果需要可以通过以下命令修正
chmod 644 index.html
最后我们修改"./node-a/htdocs/index.html"的内容
<html><body><h1>It works! Node-a</h1></body></html>
然后通过浏览器访问localhost:81
