Form表单组件验证

第一版:最基本版本

views源码

#——————————————————————form验证——————————————
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
class FM(forms.Form):
    #第一种方式,最简版:
    user = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': '用户名不能为空.'})
    pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=12,min_length=6,
                          error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空',
                                          'min_length':'密码长度不能小于6',
                                          'max_length':'密码长度不能大于12'})
    email = forms.EmailField(error_messages={'required': '邮箱不能为空.','invalid':"邮箱格式错误"})


from app1 import models
def fm(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = FM()
        return render(request,'formtest.html',{'obj':obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        # 获取用户所有数据
        # 每条数据请求的验证
        # 成功:获取所有的正确的信息
        # 失败:显示错误信息
        obj = FM(request.POST)
        r1 = obj.is_valid()
        if r1:
            print obj.cleaned_data #返回正确信息
            models.Userinfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print obj.errors #返回错误信息
            print obj.errors.as_json() #返回错误信息
            # print obj.errors['user'][0] #返回user的错误信息
        return  render(request,'formtest.html',{'obj':obj})
View Code

可以通过FM类修改标签样式,

class FM(forms.Form):
    #第一种方式,最简版:
    user = fields.CharField(error_messages={'required': '用户名不能为空.'},
                           widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}))  #定义插件,修改标签类型,CSS样式,属性等
    pwd = fields.CharField(max_length=12,min_length=6,
                          error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空',
                                          'min_length':'密码长度不能小于6',
                                          'max_length':'密码长度不能大于12'},
                           widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'style':'background-color:blue;color:white'})
                           )
    email = fields.EmailField(error_messages={'required': '邮箱不能为空.','invalid':"邮箱格式错误"})
View Code

html源码

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title></title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     <form action="/fm/" method="POST">
 9         {% csrf_token %}
10 {#   第二种方式     自动生成标签系列#}
11         <p>{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }} </p>
12         <p>{{ obj.pwd }} {{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
13         <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
14         <p><input type="submit"  value="提交"> </p>
15  <!--       <p>第三种方式,使用obj.as_p</p>
16           {{ obj.as_p }}
17         <p>第四种方式,使用obj.as_ul</p>
18           {{ obj.as_ul }}
19         <p>第四种方式,使用obj.as_table</p>
20         <table>
21           {{ obj.as_table }}
22             </table>                         -->
23     <!--第一种方式失败之后无法再输入框内显示之前输入的信息
24         <p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名">{{ obj.errors.user.0 }} </p>
25         <p><input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"> {{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
26         <p><input type="text" name="email" placeholder="mail"> {{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
27         <p><input type="submit"  value="提交"> </p>-->
28     </form>
29 </body>
30 </html>
View Code

第二个版本:高级版本

 

 1 from django import forms
 2 from django.forms import widgets
 3 from django.forms import fields
 4 class FM(forms.Form):
 5     #第一种方式,最简版:
 6     # user = fields.CharField(
 7     # initial = 2,
 8     # widget = widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),))
 9     #          )
10     user = fields.CharField(error_messages={'required': '用户名不能为空.'},
11                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'c1'}), #定义插件,修改标签类型,CSS样式,属性等
12                           label='用户名',
13                           # initial='root',#默认值
14                           help_text='这是帮助信息',
15                             )
16     pwd = fields.CharField(max_length=12,min_length=6,
17                           error_messages={'required': '密码不能为空',
18                                           'min_length':'密码长度不能小于6',
19                                           'max_length':'密码长度不能大于12'},
20                            widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'style':'background-color:blue;color:white'})
21                            )
22     email = fields.EmailField(error_messages={'required': '邮箱不能为空.','invalid':"邮箱格式错误"})
23     f = fields.FileField()
24     p = fields.FilePathField(path='app1')
25     city = fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(0,'选项1'),(1,'选项2'),(2,'选项3'),])
26     city1 = fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=[(0,'选项1'),(1,'选项2'),(2,'选项3'),])
27 from app1 import models
28 def fm(request):
29     if request.method == "GET":
30         #生成默认值的方法:从数据获取数据
31         dic={ "user":"r1",
32         "pwd":"123123",
33         "email":"3123",
34         "city":"1",
35         "city1":"2"}
36         obj = FM(initial=dic)
37         return render(request,'formtest.html',{'obj':obj})
38 
39     elif request.method == "POST":
40         # 获取用户所有数据
41         # 每条数据请求的验证
42         # 成功:获取所有的正确的信息
43         # 失败:显示错误信息
44         obj = FM(request.POST)
45         r1 = obj.is_valid()
46         if r1:
47             print obj.cleaned_data #返回正确信息
48             models.Userinfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
49         else:
50             print obj.errors #返回错误信息
51             print obj.errors.as_json() #返回错误信息
52             # print obj.errors['user'][0] #返回user的错误信息
53         return  render(request,'formtest.html',{'obj':obj})
View Code

Form: http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html
Model:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6216618.html

创建Form类时,主要涉及到 【字段】 和 【插件】,字段用于对用户请求数据的验证,插件用于自动生成HTML;

1、Django内置字段如下:

Field
    required=True,               是否允许为空
    widget=None,                 HTML插件
    label=None,                  用于生成Label标签或显示内容
    initial=None,                初始值
    help_text='',                帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
    error_messages=None,         错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
    show_hidden_initial=False,   是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直)
    validators=[],               自定义验证规则
    localize=False,              是否支持本地化
    disabled=False,              是否可以编辑
    label_suffix=None            Label内容后缀
 
 
CharField(Field)
    max_length=None,             最大长度
    min_length=None,             最小长度
    strip=True                   是否移除用户输入空白
 
IntegerField(Field)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
 
FloatField(IntegerField)
    ...
 
DecimalField(IntegerField)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
    max_digits=None,             总长度
    decimal_places=None,         小数位长度
 
BaseTemporalField(Field)
    input_formats=None          时间格式化   
 
DateField(BaseTemporalField)    格式:2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField)    格式:11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式:2015-09-01 11:12
 
DurationField(Field)            时间间隔:%d %H:%M:%S.%f
    ...
 
RegexField(CharField)
    regex,                      自定制正则表达式
    max_length=None,            最大长度
    min_length=None,            最小长度
    error_message=None,         忽略,错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
 
EmailField(CharField)      
    ...
 
FileField(Field)
    allow_empty_file=False     是否允许空文件
 
ImageField(FileField)      
    ...
    注:需要PIL模块,pip3 install Pillow
    以上两个字典使用时,需要注意两点:
        - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
        - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
 
URLField(Field)
    ...
 
 
BooleanField(Field)  
    ...
 
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
    ...
 
ChoiceField(Field)
    ...
    choices=(),                选项,如:choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
    required=True,             是否必填
    widget=None,               插件,默认select插件
    label=None,                Label内容
    initial=None,              初始值
    help_text='',              帮助提示
 
 
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
    queryset,                  # 查询数据库中的数据
    empty_label="---------",   # 默认空显示内容
    to_field_name=None,        # HTML中value的值对应的字段
    limit_choices_to=None      # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
     
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
 
 
     
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的值进行一次转换
    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
 
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    ...
 
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
 
ComboField(Field)
    fields=()                  使用多个验证,如下:即验证最大长度20,又验证邮箱格式
                               fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
 
MultiValueField(Field)
    PS: 抽象类,子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值,要配合MultiWidget使用
 
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
    input_date_formats=None,   格式列表:['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
    input_time_formats=None    格式列表:['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
 
FilePathField(ChoiceField)     文件选项,目录下文件显示在页面中
    path,                      文件夹路径
    match=None,                正则匹配
    recursive=False,           递归下面的文件夹
    allow_files=True,          允许文件
    allow_folders=False,       允许文件夹
    required=True,
    widget=None,
    label=None,
    initial=None,
    help_text=''
 
GenericIPAddressField
    protocol='both',           both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
    unpack_ipv4=False          解析ipv4地址,如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候,可解析为192.0.2.1, PS:protocol必须为both才能启用
 
SlugField(CharField)           数字,字母,下划线,减号(连字符)
    ...
 
UUIDField(CharField)           uuid类型
    ...
注:UUID是根据MAC以及当前时间等创建的不重复的随机字符串
View Code
 1   >>> import uuid
 2 
 3     # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
 4     >>> uuid.uuid1()    # doctest: +SKIP
 5     UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
 6 
 7     # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
 8     >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
 9     UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
10 
11     # make a random UUID
12     >>> uuid.uuid4()    # doctest: +SKIP
13     UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
14 
15     # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
16     >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
17     UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
18 
19     # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
20     >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
21 
22     # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
23     >>> str(x)
24     '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
25 
26     # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
27     >>> x.bytes
28     b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
29 
30     # make a UUID from a 16-byte string
31     >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
32     UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
View Code

2、Django内置插件:

 1 TextInput(Input)
 2 NumberInput(TextInput)
 3 EmailInput(TextInput)
 4 URLInput(TextInput)
 5 PasswordInput(TextInput)
 6 HiddenInput(TextInput)
 7 Textarea(Widget)
 8 DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
 9 DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
10 TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
11 CheckboxInput
12 Select
13 NullBooleanSelect
14 SelectMultiple
15 RadioSelect
16 CheckboxSelectMultiple
17 FileInput
18 ClearableFileInput
19 MultipleHiddenInput
20 SplitDateTimeWidget
21 SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
22 SelectDateWidget
View Code

常用选择插件:

 1  单radio,值为字符串
 2         user = fields.CharField(
 3             initial=2,
 4             widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
 5         )
 6 
 7         单radio,值为字符串
 8         user = fields.ChoiceField(
 9             choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
10             initial=2,
11             widget=widgets.RadioSelect
12         )
13 
14         单select,值为字符串
15         user = fields.CharField(
16             initial=2,
17             widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
18         )
19 
20         单select,值为字符串
21         user = fields.ChoiceField(
22             choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
23             initial=2,
24             widget=widgets.Select
25         )
26 
27         多选select,值为列表
28         user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
29             choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
30             initial=[1,],
31             widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
32         )
33 
34 
35         单checkbox
36         user = fields.CharField(
37             widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
38         )
39 
40 
41         多选checkbox,值为列表
42         user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
43             initial=[2, ],
44             choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
45             widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
46         )
View Code

在使用选择标签时,需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取,但是由于是静态字段 ***获取的值无法实时更新***,那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。

 1 方式一:
 2 
 3 1
 4 2
 5 3
 6 4
 7 5
 8 6
 9 7
10 8
11 9
12 10
13 11
14 12
15 13
16 14
17 15
18 16
19 17
20 18
21 from django.forms import Form
22 from django.forms import widgets
23 from django.forms import fields
24 from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
25  
26 class MyForm(Form):
27  
28     user = fields.ChoiceField(
29         # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
30         initial=2,
31         widget=widgets.Select
32     )
33  
34     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
35         super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
36         # self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
37         #
38         self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption')
39 方式二:
40 
41 使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段来实现
42 
43 1
44 2
45 3
46 4
47 5
48 6
49 7
50 8
51 9
52 10
53 from django import forms
54 from django.forms import fields
55 from django.forms import widgets
56 from django.forms import models as form_model
57 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
58 from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
59  
60 class FInfo(forms.Form):
61     authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
62     # authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
View Code

3、自定义验证规则

方式一:


from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
class MyForm(Form):
    user = fields.CharField(
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
    )
方式二:


import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 
 
# 自定义验证规则
def mobile_validate(value):
    mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
    if not mobile_re.match(value):
        raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')
 
 
class PublishForm(Form):
 
 
    title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
                            min_length=5,
                            error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',
                                            'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
                                            'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
                                                          'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))
 
 
    # 使用自定义验证规则
    phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
                            error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
                                                          'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))
 
    email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
                            error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))
方法三:自定义方法

1
from django import forms
    from django.forms import fields
    from django.forms import widgets
    from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
    from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
    class FInfo(forms.Form):
        username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
                                    validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
        email = fields.EmailField()
 
        def clean_username(self):
            """
            Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后,执行此方法进行验证
            :return:
            """
            value = self.cleaned_data['username']
            if "666" in value:
                raise ValidationError('666已经被玩烂了...', 'invalid')
            return value
方式四:同时生成多个标签进行验证
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
 
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
 
############## 自定义字段 ##############
class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Define one message for all fields.
        error_messages = {
            'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
        }
        # Or define a different message for each field.
        f = (
            fields.CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
                validators=[
                    RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
                ],
            ),
            fields.CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
            ),
            fields.CharField(
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
                required=False,
            ),
        )
        super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,
                                         **kwargs)
 
    def compress(self, data_list):
        """
        当用户验证都通过后,该值返回给用户
        :param data_list:
        :return:
        """
        return data_list
 
############## 自定义插件 ##############
class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        ws = (
            widgets.TextInput(),
            widgets.TextInput(),
            widgets.TextInput(),
        )
        super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws)
 
    def decompress(self, value):
        """
        处理初始值,当初始值initial不是列表时,调用该方法
        :param value:
        :return:
        """
        if value:
            return value.split(',')
        return [None, None, None]
View Code

4、初始化数据:

在Web应用程序中开发编写功能时,时常用到获取数据库中的数据并将值初始化在HTML中的标签上。

1、Form


from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
 
class MyForm(Form):
    user = fields.CharField()
 
    city = fields.ChoiceField(
        choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
        widget=widgets.Select
    )
2、Views


from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import MyForm
 
 
def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}
        obj = MyForm(values)
 
        return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        return redirect('http://www.google.com')
    else:
        return redirect('http://www.google.com')
3、HTML

1

<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>
 
    <input type="submit"/>
</form>
View Code

 

posted @ 2018-05-07 23:20  梦中琴歌  阅读(726)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报