开启慢查询日志之后，慢查询sql会被存到数据库系统表mysql.slow_log或是文件中，可参考。有两个工具可以帮助我们分析输出报告，分别是mysqldumpslow和pt-query-digest.
mysqldumpslow
mysqldumpslow是mysql自身提供的日志分析工具，一般在mysql的bin目录下
帮助信息
1 $ mysqldumpslow.pl --help 2 Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ] 3 4 Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are 5 6 --verbose verbose 7 --debug debug 8 --help write this text to standard output 9 10 -v verbose 11 -d debug 12 -s ORDER what to sort by (al, at, ar, c, l, r, t), 'at' is default 13 al: average lock time 14 ar: average rows sent 15 at: average query time 16 c: count 17 l: lock time 18 r: rows sent 19 t: query time 20 -r reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first) 21 -t NUM just show the top n queries 22 -a don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S' 23 -n NUM abstract numbers with at least n digits within names 24 -g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string 25 -h HOSTNAME hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard), 26 default is '*', i.e. match all 27 -i NAME name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script) 28 -l don't subtract lock time from total time
1 -s, 是表示按照何种方式排序 2 c: 访问计数 3 4 l: 锁定时间 5 6 r: 返回记录 7 8 t: 查询时间 9 10 al:平均锁定时间 11 12 ar:平均返回记录数 13 14 at:平均查询时间 15 16 -t, 是top n的意思，即为返回前面多少条的数据； 17 -g, 后边可以写一个正则匹配模式，大小写不敏感的； 18 19 比如: 20 得到返回记录集最多的10个SQL。 21 mysqldumpslow -s r -t 10 /database/mysql/mysql06_slow.log 22 23 得到访问次数最多的10个SQL 24 mysqldumpslow -s c -t 10 /database/mysql/mysql06_slow.log 25 26 得到按照时间排序的前10条里面含有左连接的查询语句。 27 mysqldumpslow -s t -t 10 -g “left join” /database/mysql/mysql06_slow.log 28 29 另外建议在使用这些命令时结合 | 和more 使用 ，否则有可能出现刷屏的情况。 30 mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20 /mysqldata/mysql/mysql06-slow.log | more
如果不能执行，可以先安装perl，然后通过perl mysqldumpslow xxx.log
pt-query-digest 参考
个人觉的pt-query-digest分析报告比mysqldumpslow好用。pt-query-digest可以不仅可以分析slowlog，还可以分析binlog，generallog等。
下载安装 https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/LATEST/
在windows下，下载tar.gz包，解压之后，使用perl命令运行
帮助信息
$ perl pt-query-digest --help pt-query-digest analyzes MySQL queries from slow, general, and binary log files. It can also analyze queries from C<SHOW PROCESSLIST> and MySQL protocol data from tcpdump. By default, queries are grouped by fingerprint and reported in descending order of query time (i.e. the slowest queries first). If no C<FILES> are given, the tool reads C<STDIN>. The optional C<DSN> is used for certain options like L<"--since"> and L<"--until">. For more details, please use the --help option, or try 'perldoc pt-query-digest' for complete documentation. Usage: pt-query-digest [OPTIONS] [FILES] [DSN] Options: --ask-pass Prompt for a password when connecting to MySQL --attribute-aliases=a List of attribute|alias,etc (default db|Schema) --attribute-value-limit=i A sanity limit for attribute values (default 0) --charset=s -A Default character set --config=A Read this comma-separated list of config files; if specified, this must be the first option on the command line --[no]continue-on-error Continue parsing even if there is an error ( default yes) --[no]create-history-table Create the --history table if it does not exist ( default yes) --[no]create-review-table Create the --review table if it does not exist ( default yes) --daemonize Fork to the background and detach from the shell --database=s -D Connect to this database --defaults-file=s -F Only read mysql options from the given file --embedded-attributes=a Two Perl regex patterns to capture pseudo- attributes embedded in queries --expected-range=a Explain items when there are more or fewer than expected (default 5,10) --explain=d Run EXPLAIN for the sample query with this DSN and print results --filter=s Discard events for which this Perl code doesn't return true --group-by=A Which attribute of the events to group by ( default fingerprint) --help Show help and exit --history=d Save metrics for each query class in the given table. pt-query-digest saves query metrics ( query time, lock time, etc.) to this table so you can see how query classes change over time --host=s -h Connect to host --ignore-attributes=a Do not aggregate these attributes (default arg, cmd, insert_id, ip, port, Thread_id, timestamp, exptime, flags, key, res, val, server_id, offset, end_log_pos, Xid) --inherit-attributes=a If missing, inherit these attributes from the last event that had them (default db,ts) --interval=f How frequently to poll the processlist, in seconds (default .1) --iterations=i How many times to iterate through the collect- and-report cycle (default 1) --limit=A Limit output to the given percentage or count ( default 95%:20) --log=s Print all output to this file when daemonized --order-by=A Sort events by this attribute and aggregate function (default Query_time:sum) --outliers=a Report outliers by attribute:percentile:count ( default Query_time:1:10) --output=s How to format and print the query analysis results (default report) --password=s -p Password to use when connecting --pid=s Create the given PID file --port=i -P Port number to use for connection --preserve-embedded-numbers Preserve numbers in database/table names when fingerprinting queries --processlist=d Poll this DSN's processlist for queries, with -- interval sleep between --progress=a Print progress reports to STDERR (default time, 30) --read-timeout=m Wait this long for an event from the input; 0 to wait forever (default 0). Optional suffix s= seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, d=days; if no suffix, s is used. --[no]report Print query analysis reports for each --group-by attribute (default yes) --report-all Report all queries, even ones that have been reviewed --report-format=A Print these sections of the query analysis report (default rusage,date,hostname,files, header,profile,query_report,prepared) --report-histogram=s Chart the distribution of this attribute's values (default Query_time) --resume=s If specified, the tool writes the last file offset, if there is one, to the given filename --review=d Save query classes for later review, and don't report already reviewed classes --run-time=m How long to run for each --iterations. Optional suffix s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, d=days; if no suffix, s is used. --run-time-mode=s Set what the value of --run-time operates on ( default clock) --sample=i Filter out all but the first N occurrences of each query --set-vars=A Set the MySQL variables in this comma-separated list of variable=value pairs --show-all=H Show all values for these attributes --since=s Parse only queries newer than this value (parse queries since this date) --slave-password=s Sets the password to be used to connect to the slaves --slave-user=s Sets the user to be used to connect to the slaves --socket=s -S Socket file to use for connection --timeline Show a timeline of events --type=A The type of input to parse (default slowlog) --until=s Parse only queries older than this value (parse queries until this date) --user=s -u User for login if not current user --variations=A Report the number of variations in these attributes' values --version Show version and exit --[no]version-check Check for the latest version of Percona Toolkit, MySQL, and other programs (default yes) --[no]vertical-format Output a trailing "\G" in the reported SQL queries (default yes) --watch-server=s This option tells pt-query-digest which server IP address and port (like "10.0.0.1:3306") to watch when parsing tcpdump (for --type tcpdump); all other servers are ignored Option types: s=string, i=integer, f=float, h/H/a/A=comma-separated list, d=DSN, z=size, m=time Rules: This tool accepts additional command-line arguments. Refer to the SYNOPSIS and usage information for details. DSN syntax is key=value[,key=value...] Allowable DSN keys: KEY COPY MEANING === ==== ============================================= A yes Default character set D yes Default database to use when connecting to MySQL F yes Only read default options from the given file P yes Port number to use for connection S yes Socket file to use for connection h yes Connect to host p yes Password to use when connecting t no The --review or --history table u yes User for login if not current user If the DSN is a bareword, the word is treated as the 'h' key. Options and values after processing arguments: --ask-pass FALSE --attribute-aliases db|Schema --attribute-value-limit 0 --charset (No value) --config /etc/percona-toolkit/percona-toolkit.conf,/etc/percona-toolkit/pt-query-digest.conf,/c/Users/Admin/.percona-toolkit.conf,/c/Users/Admin/.pt-query-digest.conf --continue-on-error TRUE --create-history-table TRUE --create-review-table TRUE --daemonize FALSE --database (No value) --defaults-file (No value) --embedded-attributes (No value) --expected-range 5,10 --explain (No value) --filter (No value) --group-by fingerprint --help TRUE --history (No value) --host (No value) --ignore-attributes arg,cmd,insert_id,ip,port,Thread_id,timestamp,exptime,flags,key,res,val,server_id,offset,end_log_pos,Xid --inherit-attributes db,ts --interval .1 --iterations 1 --limit 95%:20 --log (No value) --order-by Query_time:sum --outliers Query_time:1:10 --output report --password (No value) --pid (No value) --port (No value) --preserve-embedded-numbers FALSE --processlist (No value) --progress time,30 --read-timeout 0 --report TRUE --report-all FALSE --report-format rusage,date,hostname,files,header,profile,query_report,prepared --report-histogram Query_time --resume (No value) --review (No value) --run-time (No value) --run-time-mode clock --sample (No value) --set-vars --show-all --since (No value) --slave-password (No value) --slave-user (No value) --socket (No value) --timeline FALSE --type slowlog --until (No value) --user (No value) --variations --version FALSE --version-check TRUE --vertical-format TRUE --watch-server (No value)
pt-query-digest [OPTIONS] [FILES] [DSN] --create-review-table 当使用--review参数把分析结果输出到表中时，如果没有表就自动创建。 --create-history-table 当使用--history参数把分析结果输出到表中时，如果没有表就自动创建。 --filter 对输入的慢查询按指定的字符串进行匹配过滤后再进行分析 --limit 限制输出结果百分比或数量，默认值是20,即将最慢的20条语句输出，如果是50%则按总响应时间占比从大到小排序，输出到总和达到50%位置截止。 --host mysql服务器地址 --user mysql用户名 --password mysql用户密码 --history 将分析结果保存到表中，分析结果比较详细，下次再使用--history时，如果存在相同的语句，且查询所在的时间区间和历史表中的不同，则会记录到数据表中，可以通过查询同一CHECKSUM来比较某类型查询的历史变化。 --review 将分析结果保存到表中，这个分析只是对查询条件进行参数化，一个类型的查询一条记录，比较简单。当下次使用--review时，如果存在相同的语句分析，就不会记录到数据表中。 --output 分析结果输出类型，值可以是report(标准分析报告)、slowlog(Mysql slow log)、json、json-anon，一般使用report，以便于阅读。 --since 从什么时间开始分析，值为字符串，可以是指定的某个”yyyy-mm-dd [hh:mm:ss]”格式的时间点，也可以是简单的一个时间值：s(秒)、h(小时)、m(分钟)、d(天)，如12h就表示从12小时前开始统计。 --until 截止时间，配合—since可以分析一段时间内的慢查询。
输出结果分析
分为三部分
第一部分 总体统计结果
overall：总共统计结果
time range：查询执行的时间范围
unique：唯一查询数量，即对查询条件进行参数化以后，总共有多少个不同的查询
total：总计
min：最小
max：最大
avg：平均
95%：把所有值从小到大排列，位置位于95%的那个数，这个数一般最具参考价值
median：中位数，把所有值从小到大排列，位置位于中间那个数
# 该工具执行日志分析的用户时间，系统时间，物理内存占用大小，虚拟内存占用大小 # 343ms user time, 78ms system time, 0 rss, 0 vsz # 工具执行时间 # Current date: Thu Mar 29 15:51:38 2018 # 运行分析工具的主机名 # Hostname: NB2015041602 # 被分析的文件名 # Files: /d/xampp/mysql/data/NB2015041602-slow.log # 语句总数量，唯一的语句数量，QPS，并发数 # Overall: 5 total, 3 unique, 0.00 QPS, 0.05x concurrency ________________ # 日志记录的时间范围 # Time range: 2018-03-28 14:02:06 to 14:22:10 # 属性 总计 最小 最大 平均 95% 标准 中等 # Attribute total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # 语句执行时间 # Exec time 60s 10s 17s 12s 17s 3s 11s # 锁占用时间 # Lock time 1ms 0 500us 200us 490us 240us 0 # 发送到客户端的行数 # Rows sent 50 10 10 10 10 0 10 # select语句扫描行数 # Rows examine 629.99k 45.43k 146.14k 126.00k 143.37k 39.57k 143.37k # 查询的字符数 # Query size 2.81k 235 1.36k 575.40 1.33k 445.36 234.30
第二部分 查询分组统计结果
rank：所有语句的排序，默认按照查询时间降序排序，通过--order-by指定
query id：语句的id，（去掉多余空格和文本字符，计算hash值）
response：总的响应时间
time：该查询在本次分析中总的时间占比
calls：执行次数，即本次分析总共有多少条这种类型的查询语句
r/call：平均每次执行的响应时间
v/m：响应时间variance-to-mean的比率
item：查询对象
# Profile # Rank Query ID Response time Calls R/Call V/M Item # ==== ================== ============= ===== ======= ===== ============== # 1 0x96112A601F7BCCC0 32.9042 55.0% 3 10.9681 0.01 SELECT affiliatemerchant_list user_list # 2 0x70885F9703A0E38D 17.2162 28.8% 1 17.2162 0.00 SELECT normalmerchant merchant_mapping normalmerchant_addinfo merchant_search_filter affiliatemerchant_list user_list # 3 0x43D8527285567FC4 9.7367 16.3% 1 9.7367 0.00 SELECT affiliatemerchant_list user_list affiliatemerchant_list user_list
第三部分 每一种查询的详细统计结果
id：查询的id号，和上面的query id对应
databases：数据库名
users：各个用户执行的次数（占比）
query_time_distribution：查询时间分布，长短体现区间占比
tables：查询中设计到的表
explain：sql语句
# Query 1: 0.00 QPS, 0.03x concurrency, ID 0x96112A601F7BCCC0 at byte 2647 # This item is included in the report because it matches --limit. # Scores: V/M = 0.01 # Time range: 2018-03-28 14:03:31 to 14:19:54 # Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # Count 60 3 # Exec time 54 33s 11s 11s 11s 11s 243ms 11s # Lock time 50 500us 0 500us 166us 490us 231us 0 # Rows sent 60 30 10 10 10 10 0 10 # Rows examine 69 438.42k 146.14k 146.14k 146.14k 146.14k 0 146.14k # Query size 24 707 235 236 235.67 234.30 0 234.30 # String: # Databases database_base # Hosts localhost # Users root # Query_time distribution # 1us # 10us # 100us # 1ms # 10ms # 100ms # 1s # 10s+ ################################################################ # Tables # SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM `database_base` LIKE 'table_list1'\G # SHOW CREATE TABLE `database_base`.`table_list1`\G # SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM `database_base` LIKE 'user_list'\G # SHOW CREATE TABLE `database_base`.`user_list`\G # EXPLAIN /*!50100 PARTITIONS*/ select SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS al.*, ul.Alias as userName FROM table_list1 al LEFT JOIN user_list ul ON ul.ID = al.UserId WHERE TRUE AND (al.SupportCountrys LIKE '%%') limit 80, 10\G
pt-query-digest用法示例（未测试）
直接分析慢查询文件 pt-query-digest slow.log > slow_report.log 分析最近12小时内的查询 pt-query-digest --since=12h slow.log > slow_report2.log 分析指定时间范围内的查询 pt-query-digest slow.log --since '2017-01-07 09:30:00' --until '2017-01-07 10:00:00'> > slow_report3.log 分析含有select语句的慢查询 pt-query-digest --filter '$event->{fingerprint} =~ m/^select/i' slow.log> slow_report4.log 针对某个用户的慢查询 pt-query-digest --filter '($event->{user} || "") =~ m/^root/i' slow.log> slow_report5.log 查询所有全表扫描或full join的慢查询 pt-query-digest --filter '(($event->{Full_scan} || "") eq "yes") ||(($event->{Full_join} || "") eq "yes")' slow.log> slow_report6.log 把查询保存到query_review表 pt-query-digest --user=root –password=abc123 --review h=localhost,D=test,t=query_review--create-review-table slow.log 把查询保存到query_history表 pt-query-digest --user=root –password=abc123 --review h=localhost,D=test,t=query_history--create-review-table slow.log_0001 pt-query-digest --user=root –password=abc123 --review h=localhost,D=test,t=query_history--create-review-table slow.log_0002 通过tcpdump抓取的tcp协议数据，然后分析 tcpdump -s 65535 -x -nn -q -tttt -i any -c 1000 port 3306 > mysql.tcp.txt pt-query-digest --type tcpdump mysql.tcp.txt> slow_report9.log 分析biglog mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000093 > mysql-bin000093.sql pt-query-digest --type=binlog mysql-bin000093.sql > slow_report10.log 分析general log pt-query-digest --type=genlog localhost.log > slow_report11.log
