SQL Server 保留关键字
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 使用保留关键字来定义、操作或访问数据库。保留关键字是 SQL Server 使用的 Transact-SQL 语言语法的一部分，用于分析和理解 Transact-SQL 语句和批处理。尽管在 Transact-SQL 脚本中使用 SQL Server 保留关键字作为标识符和对象名在语法上是可行的，但规定只能使用分隔标识符。
下表列出了 SQL Server 保留关键字。
|
ADD |
EXCEPT |
PERCENT |
|
ALL |
EXEC |
PLAN |
|
ALTER |
EXECUTE |
PRECISION |
|
AND |
EXISTS |
PRIMARY |
|
ANY |
EXIT |
|
|
AS |
FETCH |
PROC |
|
ASC |
FILE |
PROCEDURE |
|
AUTHORIZATION |
FILLFACTOR |
PUBLIC |
|
BACKUP |
FOR |
RAISERROR |
|
BEGIN |
FOREIGN |
READ |
|
BETWEEN |
FREETEXT |
READTEXT |
|
BREAK |
FREETEXTTABLE |
RECONFIGURE |
|
BROWSE |
FROM |
REFERENCES |
|
BULK |
FULL |
REPLICATION |
|
BY |
FUNCTION |
RESTORE |
|
CASCADE |
GOTO |
RESTRICT |
|
CASE |
GRANT |
RETURN |
|
CHECK |
GROUP |
REVOKE |
|
CHECKPOINT |
HAVING |
RIGHT |
|
CLOSE |
HOLDLOCK |
ROLLBACK |
|
CLUSTERED |
IDENTITY |
ROWCOUNT |
|
COALESCE |
IDENTITY_INSERT |
ROWGUIDCOL |
|
COLLATE |
IDENTITYCOL |
RULE |
|
COLUMN |
IF |
SAVE |
|
COMMIT |
IN |
SCHEMA |
|
COMPUTE |
INDEX |
SELECT |
|
CONSTRAINT |
INNER |
SESSION_USER |
|
CONTAINS |
INSERT |
SET |
|
CONTAINSTABLE |
INTERSECT |
SETUSER |
|
CONTINUE |
INTO |
SHUTDOWN |
|
CONVERT |
IS |
SOME |
|
CREATE |
JOIN |
STATISTICS |
|
CROSS |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
|
CURRENT |
KILL |
TABLE |
|
CURRENT_DATE |
LEFT |
TEXTSIZE |
|
CURRENT_TIME |
LIKE |
THEN |
|
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
LINENO |
TO |
|
CURRENT_USER |
LOAD |
TOP |
|
CURSOR |
NATIONAL |
TRAN |
|
DATABASE |
NOCHECK |
TRANSACTION |
|
DBCC |
NONCLUSTERED |
TRIGGER |
|
DEALLOCATE |
NOT |
TRUNCATE |
|
DECLARE |
NULL |
TSEQUAL |
|
DEFAULT |
NULLIF |
UNION |
|
DELETE |
OF |
UNIQUE |
|
DENY |
OFF |
UPDATE |
|
DESC |
OFFSETS |
UPDATETEXT |
|
DISK |
ON |
USE |
|
DISTINCT |
OPEN |
USER |
|
DISTRIBUTED |
OPENDATASOURCE |
VALUES |
|
DOUBLE |
OPENQUERY |
VARYING |
|
DROP |
OPENROWSET |
VIEW |
|
DUMMY |
OPENXML |
WAITFOR |
|
DUMP |
OPTION |
WHEN |
|
ELSE |
OR |
WHERE |
|
END |
ORDER |
WHILE |
|
ERRLVL |
OUTER |
WITH |
|
ESCAPE |
OVER |
WRITETEXT |
另外，SQL-2003 标准还定义了保留关键字列表。不要使用 SQL-2003 保留关键字作为对象名和标识符。ODBC 保留关键字列表（如下表所示）与 SQL-2003 保留关键字列表相同。
|
注意： |
|
SQL-2003 保留关键字列表有时可能比 SQL Server 限制更多，有时则限制更少。例如，SQL-2003 保留关键字列表包含 INT，而 SQL Server 不需要将其区分为保留关键字。 |
Transact-SQL 保留关键字可用作数据库或数据库对象（如表、列、视图等）的标识符或名称。使用带引号的标识符或分隔标识符。不限制将保留关键字用作变量和存储过程参数的名称。有关详细信息，请参阅使用标识符作为对象名称。
ODBC 保留关键字
保留了下列关键字以用于 ODBC 函数调用。这些关键字根本不约束 SQL 语法；然而，为确保与支持核心 SQL 语法的驱动程序兼容，应用程序应避免使用这些关键字。
下面是当前的 ODBC 保留关键字列表。
|
ABSOLUTE |
EXEC |
OVERLAPS |
|
ACTION |
EXECUTE |
PAD |
|
ADA |
EXISTS |
PARTIAL |
|
ADD |
EXTERNAL |
PASCAL |
|
ALL |
EXTRACT |
POSITION |
|
ALLOCATE |
FALSE |
PRECISION |
|
ALTER |
FETCH |
PREPARE |
|
AND |
FIRST |
PRESERVE |
|
ANY |
FLOAT |
PRIMARY |
|
ARE |
FOR |
PRIOR |
|
AS |
FOREIGN |
PRIVILEGES |
|
ASC |
FORTRAN |
PROCEDURE |
|
ASSERTION |
FOUND |
PUBLIC |
|
AT |
FROM |
READ |
|
AUTHORIZATION |
FULL |
REAL |
|
AVG |
GET |
REFERENCES |
|
BEGIN |
GLOBAL |
RELATIVE |
|
BETWEEN |
GO |
RESTRICT |
|
BIT |
GOTO |
REVOKE |
|
BIT_LENGTH |
GRANT |
RIGHT |
|
BOTH |
GROUP |
ROLLBACK |
|
BY |
HAVING |
ROWS |
|
CASCADE |
HOUR |
SCHEMA |
|
CASCADED |
IDENTITY |
SCROLL |
|
CASE |
IMMEDIATE |
SECOND |
|
CAST |
IN |
SECTION |
|
CATALOG |
INCLUDE |
SELECT |
|
CHAR |
INDEX |
SESSION |
|
CHAR_LENGTH |
INDICATOR |
SESSION_USER |
|
CHARACTER |
INITIALLY |
SET |
|
CHARACTER_LENGTH |
INNER |
SIZE |
|
CHECK |
INPUT |
SMALLINT |
|
CLOSE |
INSENSITIVE |
SOME |
|
COALESCE |
INSERT |
SPACE |
|
COLLATE |
INT |
SQL |
|
COLLATION |
INTEGER |
SQLCA |
|
COLUMN |
INTERSECT |
SQLCODE |
|
COMMIT |
INTERVAL |
SQLERROR |
|
CONNECT |
INTO |
SQLSTATE |
|
CONNECTION |
IS |
SQLWARNING |
|
CONSTRAINT |
ISOLATION |
SUBSTRING |
|
CONSTRAINTS |
JOIN |
SUM |
|
CONTINUE |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
|
CONVERT |
LANGUAGE |
TABLE |
|
CORRESPONDING |
LAST |
TEMPORARY |
|
COUNT |
LEADING |
THEN |
|
CREATE |
LEFT |
TIME |
|
CROSS |
LEVEL |
TIMESTAMP |
|
CURRENT |
LIKE |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
|
CURRENT_DATE |
LOCAL |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
|
CURRENT_TIME |
LOWER |
TO |
|
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
MATCH |
TRAILING |
|
CURRENT_USER |
MAX |
TRANSACTION |
|
CURSOR |
MIN |
TRANSLATE |
|
DATE |
MINUTE |
TRANSLATION |
|
DAY |
MODULE |
TRIM |
|
DEALLOCATE |
MONTH |
TRUE |
|
DEC |
NAMES |
UNION |
|
DECIMAL |
NATIONAL |
UNIQUE |
|
DECLARE |
NATURAL |
UNKNOWN |
|
DEFAULT |
NCHAR |
UPDATE |
|
DEFERRABLE |
NEXT |
UPPER |
|
DEFERRED |
NO |
USAGE |
|
DELETE |
NONE |
USER |
|
DESC |
NOT |
USING |
|
DESCRIBE |
NULL |
VALUE |
|
DESCRIPTOR |
NULLIF |
VALUES |
|
DIAGNOSTICS |
NUMERIC |
VARCHAR |
|
DISCONNECT |
OCTET_LENGTH |
VARYING |
|
DISTINCT |
OF |
VIEW |
|
DOMAIN |
ON |
WHEN |
|
DOUBLE |
ONLY |
WHENEVER |
|
DROP |
OPEN |
WHERE |
|
ELSE |
OPTION |
WITH |
|
END |
OR |
WORK |
|
END-EXEC |
ORDER |
WRITE |
|
ESCAPE |
OUTER |
YEAR |
|
EXCEPT |
OUTPUT |
ZONE |
|
EXCEPTION |
|
|
将来的关键字
下列关键字可能会在将来的 SQL Server 版本中保留使用，作为将来要实现的新功能。注意，不要使用这些关键字作为标识符。
|
ABSOLUTE |
FOUND |
PREPARE |
|
ACTION |
FREE |
PRESERVE |
|
ADMIN |
FULLTEXTTABLE |
PRIOR |
|
AFTER |
GENERAL |
PRIVILEGES |
|
AGGREGATE |
GET |
READS |
|
ALIAS |
GLOBAL |
REAL |
|
ALLOCATE |
GO |
RECURSIVE |
|
ARE |
GROUPING |
REF |
|
ARRAY |
HOST |
REFERENCING |
|
ASSERTION |
HOUR |
RELATIVE |
|
AT |
IGNORE |
RESULT |
|
BEFORE |
IMMEDIATE |
RETURNS |
|
BINARY |
INDICATOR |
ROLE |
|
BIT |
INITIALIZE |
ROLLUP |
|
BLOB |
INITIALLY |
ROUTINE |
|
BOOLEAN |
INOUT |
ROW |
|
BOTH |
INPUT |
ROWS |
|
BREADTH |
INT |
SAVEPOINT |
|
CALL |
INTEGER |
SCROLL |
|
CASCADED |
INTERVAL |
SCOPE |
|
CAST |
ISOLATION |
SEARCH |
|
CATALOG |
ITERATE |
SECOND |
|
CHAR |
LANGUAGE |
SECTION |
|
CHARACTER |
LARGE |
SEQUENCE |
|
CLASS |
LAST |
SESSION |
|
CLOB |
LATERAL |
SETS |
|
COLLATION |
LEADING |
SIZE |
|
COMPLETION |
LESS |
SMALLINT |
|
CONNECT |
LEVEL |
SPACE |
|
CONNECTION |
LIMIT |
SPECIFIC |
|
CONSTRAINTS |
LOCAL |
SPECIFICTYPE |
|
CONSTRUCTOR |
LOCALTIME |
SQL |
|
CORRESPONDING |
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
SQLEXCEPTION |
|
CUBE |
LOCATOR |
SQLSTATE |
|
CURRENT_PATH |
MAP |
SQLWARNING |
|
CURRENT_ROLE |
MATCH |
START |
|
CYCLE |
MINUTE |
STATE |
|
DATA |
MODIFIES |
STATEMENT |
|
DATE |
MODIFY |
STATIC |
|
DAY |
MODULE |
STRUCTURE |
|
DEC |
MONTH |
TEMPORARY |
|
DECIMAL |
NAMES |
TERMINATE |
|
DEFERRABLE |
NATURAL |
THAN |
|
DEFERRED |
NCHAR |
TIME |
|
DEPTH |
NCLOB |
TIMESTAMP |
|
DEREF |
NEW |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
|
DESCRIBE |
NEXT |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
|
DESCRIPTOR |
NO |
TRAILING |
|
DESTROY |
NONE |
TRANSLATION |
|
DESTRUCTOR |
NUMERIC |
TREAT |
|
DETERMINISTIC |
OBJECT |
TRUE |
|
DICTIONARY |
OLD |
UNDER |
|
DIAGNOSTICS |
ONLY |
UNKNOWN |
|
DISCONNECT |
OPERATION |
UNNEST |
|
DOMAIN |
ORDINALITY |
USAGE |
|
DYNAMIC |
OUT |
USING |
|
EACH |
OUTPUT |
VALUE |
|
END-EXEC |
PAD |
VARCHAR |
|
EQUALS |
PARAMETER |
VARIABLE |
|
EVERY |
PARAMETERS |
WHENEVER |
|
EXCEPTION |
PARTIAL |
WITHOUT |
|
EXTERNAL |
PATH |
WORK |
|
FALSE |
POSTFIX |
WRITE |
|
FIRST |
PREFIX |
YEAR |
|
FLOAT |
PREORDER |
ZONE |
