python-文件基本操作(一)
一、打开文件的方法:
fp=file("路径","模式") fp=open("路径","模式")
注意:file()和open()基本相同,且最后要用close()关闭文件。 在python3中,已经没了file()这种方法
二、操作文件的模式:
打开文件有以下几种模式:
r :以只读方式打开文件
w:打开一个文件,只用于写。如果该文件已存在,则会覆盖,如果文件不存在,则会创建一个新文件
a:打开一个文件,用于追加。如果文件已存在,文件指针会放在文件末尾,如果文件不存在,则会创建一个新文件
三、写文件操作
#代码 fp=open('info','w') fp.write('this is the first line') fp.write('this is the second line') fp.write('this is the third line') f.close() #文件内容结果 this is the first linethis is the second linethis is the third line
注:在写的过程中,内容不会自动换行,如想换行,需要在每个write()中加入"\n",如
#代码 fp=open('info','w') fp.write('this is the first line\n') fp.write('this is the second line\n') fp.write('this is the third line\n') f.close() #文件内容结果 this is the first line this is the second line this is the third line
四、读文件操作
①一次性读取所有read()
>>> fp=open('info.log','r') >>> print fp.read()
>>> fp.close() this is the first line this is the second line this is the third line
②一次性读取所有,且把结果放入元组中readlines()
>>> fp=open('info.log','r') >>> print fp.readlines()
>>> fp.close() ['this is the first line \n', 'this is the second line \n', 'this is the third line \n']
③读取一行readline()
>>> fp=open('info.log','r') >>> print fp.readline() >>> fp.close() this is the first line
循环读取内容
>>> fp=file('info.log','r') >>> for line in fp: >>> print line >>> fp.close() this is the first line this is the second line this is the third line #注:文件中的没一行带有"\n"换行,而使用print的时候,也会自动换行,因此输出结果中会有两次换行,如果想要达到只换行一次的效果,在print line后加入"," 如: >>> print line, this is the first line this is the second line this is the third line
五、追加文件内容
>>> fp=open('info.log','a') >>> f.write('this is the append line\n') >>> f.close() this is the first line this is the second line this is the third line this is the append line