使用裸设备配置Oracle ASM实例一例
1.查看当前磁盘
[root@std u01]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 4698 37736653+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 4699 5220 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sde: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
从上面的输出可以看出我们有四快盘且都没有分区：
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd
/dev/sde
2.对磁盘进行分区
[root@std u01]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-261, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261): Using default value 261 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
对其他磁盘执行同样的分区操作！
[root@std u01]# ll /dev/sd* brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 30 09:10 /dev/sda brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 30 09:10 /dev/sda1 brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 2 Jan 30 09:10 /dev/sda2 brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Jan 30 13:30 /dev/sdb brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 17 Jan 30 13:30 /dev/sdb1 brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 Jan 30 13:37 /dev/sdc brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 33 Jan 30 13:37 /dev/sdc1 brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 Jan 30 13:38 /dev/sdd brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 49 Jan 30 13:38 /dev/sdd1 brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 64 Jan 30 13:39 /dev/sde brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 65 Jan 30 13:39 /dev/sde1
3.绑定裸设备
[root@std u01]# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices [root@std u01]# cat /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices # raw device bindings # format: <rawdev> <major> <minor> # <rawdev> <blockdev> # example: /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1 # /dev/raw/raw2 8 5 /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/sdd1 /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/sde1 [root@std u01]# service rawdevices restart Assigning devices: /dev/raw/raw1 --> /dev/sdb1 /dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 17 /dev/raw/raw2 --> /dev/sdc1 /dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 33 /dev/raw/raw3 --> /dev/sdd1 /dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 49 /dev/raw/raw4 --> /dev/sde1 /dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 65 done [root@std u01]# raw -qa /dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 17 /dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 33 /dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 49 /dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 65
3.更改裸设备的权限
[root@std u01]# cd /dev/raw [root@std raw]# ll total 0 crw------- 1 root root 162, 1 Jan 30 13:42 raw1 crw------- 1 root root 162, 2 Jan 30 13:42 raw2 crw------- 1 root root 162, 3 Jan 30 13:42 raw3 crw------- 1 root root 162, 4 Jan 30 13:42 raw4 [root@std raw]# chown oracle:dba raw* [root@std raw]# ll total 0 crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 Jan 30 13:42 raw1 crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 Jan 30 13:42 raw2 crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 3 Jan 30 13:42 raw3 crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 4 Jan 30 13:42 raw4
为方便我们把"chown oracle:dba raw*"写入/etc/rc.local
[root@std raw]# cat /etc/rc.local |grep chown chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw[1-4] [root@std raw]#
4.安装配置ASM驱动
[root@std u01]# uname -ra Linux std 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux [root@std u01]# ll oracleasm* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130018 Jul 24 2013 oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130966 Jul 24 2013 oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2844 Jul 24 2013 oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130595 Jul 24 2013 oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128392 Jul 24 2013 oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13929 Jul 24 2013 oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85303 Jul 24 2013 oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm [root@std u01]# rpm -ivh oracleasm* --这些包之前我们以安装过 warning: oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386 is already installed package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed package oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386 is already installed
配置验证ASM驱动:
[root@std u01]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver. This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort. Default user to own the driver interface [ ]:oracle Default group to own the driver interface [ ]:oinstall Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]: Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ] Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ] [root@std u01]# lsmod |grep asm oracleasm 46356 1
5.初始化ASM参数
[root@std u01]# su - oracle [oracle@std ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [oracle@std dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/{b,c,u}dump [oracle@std dbs]$ touch init+ASM.ora [oracle@std dbs]$ vi init+ASM.ora [oracle@std dbs]$ cat init+ASM.ora *.asm_diskstring='/dev/raw/raw*' *.instance_type='asm' *.large_pool_size=24M *.remote_login_passwordfile='SHARED' *.background_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/bdump' *.core_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/cdump' *.user_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/bdump' [oracle@std dbs]$
6.为ASM实例创建密码文件
[oracle@std dbs]$ orapwd file=orapw+ASM password=oracle1
[oracle@std dbs]$
7.以root身份启动CSS进程
[oracle@std ~]# /u02/app/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add /etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now. Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'.. Operation successful. Configuration for local CSS has been initialized Adding to inittab Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds. Checking the status of new Oracle init process... Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds. CSS is active on these nodes. localhost CSS is active on all nodes. Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M)
验证CSS进程是否启动；
[oracle@std dbs]$ crsctl check css
CSS appears healthy
[oracle@std dbs]$ crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
8.启动ASM实例
[oracle@std dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM [oracle@std dbs]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba' SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 30 14:34:00 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ASM instance started Total System Global Area 96468992 bytes Fixed Size 1265984 bytes Variable Size 70037184 bytes ASM Cache 25165824 bytes ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted
可以看到我们的ASM实例已经正常启动，最后报出ORA-15110错误说明没有挂载任何磁盘组，
因为此时我们还没有创建任何磁盘组，所以忽略这个错误。
9.创建spfile
使用spfile以后，在节下来的我们创建磁盘组时，ASM_DISKGROUPS这个参数会被自动更新。
而如果使用pfile,这个参数值不会自动更新。
SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created. SQL> shutdown abort ASM instance shutdown SQL> startup ASM instance started Total System Global Area 96468992 bytes Fixed Size 1265984 bytes Variable Size 70037184 bytes ASM Cache 25165824 bytes ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted SQL> show parameter spfile NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ spfile string /u02/app/product/10.2.0/db_1/d bs/spfile+ASM.ora
10.查看磁盘及创建磁盘组
--查看磁盘asm_diskstring参数指定的磁盘
SQL> select path from v$asm_disk; PATH -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/raw/raw1
--创建磁盘组
CREATE DISKGROUP diskgroup_name [ { HIGH | NORMAL | EXTERNAL } REDUNDANCY ] [ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ] DISK [ NAME disk_name ] [ SIZE size_clause ] [ FORCE | NOFORCE ] ...;
注意:冗余度有三个选择：HIGH(高度冗余>三路)、NORMAL(标准冗余--双路)和EXTERNAL(外部存储冗余)
SQL> create diskgroup DATA external redundancy 2 disk '/dev/raw/raw1','/dev/raw/raw2'; Diskgroup created. SQL> create diskgroup FLA external redundancy 2 disk '/dev/raw/raw3','/dev/raw/raw4'; Diskgroup created. SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_diskgroup; GROUP_NUMBER NAME TOTAL_MB FREE_MB ------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 1 DATA 4094 4042 2 FLA 4094 4042
11.把ASM实例注册到监听中
创建好ASM实例后，一般会系统会把ASM实例自动注册到监听中，如果没有自动注册，可以手动注册。
[oracle@std bdump]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM [oracle@std bdump]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba' SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 30 15:21:00 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> alter system register; System altered.
[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 30-JAN-2015 15:19:33 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 30-JAN-2015 15:19:15 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 18 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Log File /u02/app/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "+ASM_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
12.远程访问ASM实例
要想从远程访问ASM实例,TNS配置需加上UR属性
asm= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.172)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=+ASM) (UR=A)))
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus sys/oracle1@asm as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期五 1月 30 15:27:08 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select group_number,name from v$asm_diskgroup; GROUP_NUMBER NAME ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 DATA 2 FLA
