Entity Framework之查询总结

本节针对EF当前支持的查询方式进行分析比较,和简单自定义条件查询的实现。
  • EF的查询方式
  • 自定义条件查询
一、EF的查询方式
EF提供的查询方式有以下几种
  • 原始SQL查询
  • LINQ To Entity and Lambda
  • ESQL 与 ObjectQuery
  • ObjectQuery 查询生成器
1.原始SQL查询
在EF 4.1 新增加的DbContext 除了支持LINQ与Lambda查询外,新增了支持原始SQL查询,但是不支持ESQL与ObjectQuery查询。
View Code
DemoDBEntities context = new DemoDBEntities();

DbSet
<BlogMaster> set = context.Set<BlogMaster>();

List
<BlogMaster> list = set.SqlQuery("select *from BlogMaster where UserId='3'").ToList();

List
<BlogMaster> listAll = context.Database.SqlQuery<BlogMaster>("select *from BlogMaster").ToList();
使用原始SQL查询,既灵活又方便维护,加上DbContext泛型处理,可以将最终的查询数据集映射成对象集合。而且SQL语句有错误时,提醒也比较明确。项目中,大家都会碰到查询条件经常变动的问题,针对这种情况我们以使用通过定制的查询模板以SQL拼接的方式解决,而不是修改代码。
 
2.LINQ To Entity and Lambda
这两种是比较常用的方式,也是效率比较高的,简洁方便,但是不灵活,如果条件变了,可能就需要修改代码。相信做过报表的人都曾为复杂的SQL语句以及SQL语句的执行效率头痛过,而LINQ和Lambda 方便就在于可以将复杂的SQL拆分出来,在内存中解决这些数据的合并筛选,并且效率要远高于SQL。我最喜欢的LINQ的一个功能就是他的分组。
View Code
DemoDBEntities context = new DemoDBEntities();

DbSet
<BlogMaster> set = context.Set<BlogMaster>();

var result
= from u in set.ToList()
where u.UserID == 3
select u;

var resultGroup
= from u in set.ToList()
group u by u.UserID
into g
select g;

var list
= set.Where(o => o.UserID == 3);
var listGroup
= set.GroupBy(o => o.UserID);
 不管是哪种方式,LINQ To Entity and Lambda  EF 都是支持的。
 
3.ESQL 与 ObjectQuery
首先说明一点,目前DbContext不支持这种方式查询。ESQL同原始SQL 只是写法稍为有点区别,但是特点差不多,灵活易于维护。由于可以拼接ESQL,所以这种方式也可以应对查询条件变化。
View Code
DemoDBEntities context = new DemoDBEntities();

//DbSet<BlogMaster> set = context.Set<BlogMaster>();

string queryString = @"SELECT VALUE it FROM DemoDBEntities.BlogMaster as
it WHERE it.UserId > @UserId order by it.UserId desc
";
ObjectQuery
<BlogMaster> query = new ObjectQuery<BlogMaster>(queryString, context);

// Add parameters to the collection.
query.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("UserId",6));

List
<BlogMaster> list = query.ToList();
原始SQL与ESQL 区别在于参数类型的处理,因为原始的SQL你在拼接的条件的时候要对不同的参数值类型处理,例如是where Name='tt' and UserId=6 and Sex=true ,而ESQL则是object传入,直接实现SQL语句的转换。可惜DbContext不支持ESQL,所以只能自己去解决SQL条件不同值类型的拼接处理。
4.ObjectQuery 查询生成器
View Code
DemoDBEntities context = new DemoDBEntities();

ObjectQuery
<BlogMaster> query = context.CreateObjectSet<BlogMaster>()
.Where(
"it.UserId > @UserId",
new ObjectParameter("UserId", 6))
.OrderBy(
"it.UserId desc");

List
<BlogMaster> list = query.ToList();
这种方式基本上有ESQL相同,只是分组,排序,条件过滤都要单独处理,相比就没结合ESQL使用灵活了。
以上四种方式各有优缺点,如果是批量做页面的查询,每个查询页面和条件各不相同,并且查询条件可能会变动的话,建议使用DbContext的SQL查询,或者是ESQL结合ObjectQuery,这两种方式易于通过查询模板拼接生成SQL语句,但不适合生成复杂的SQL语句。而LINQ or Lambda 以及ObjectQuery方式,则不适合做一些重复查询逻辑的工作,而单独处理一些页面的查询或者复杂的报表还是比较灵活的。
二、自定义条件查询
基于自定义条件查询,不适合处理过于复杂的条件查询语句。 我们来看一下思路
假如WEB前台或是应用界面有一些查询字段,A需要Like ,B是=,C是> 某个时间并<小于某个时间,以后可能会增加D,或E。为了不修改代码,而仅仅拖拉控件设置属性就可新增查询条件,下面以WINFORM为例,WEB类似操作(你可以将查询条件以XML或JSON形式传回后台)。
首先对Winform几个控件进行扩展处理,首先设计个扩展接口IExtControl,IExtControl 有以下几个属性
ExtUsingType 控件使用类型 用于控制是否可编辑
ExtDataField 指向数据库的查询字段
ExtDataValue 查询字段值
ExtQueryExpression 查询表达式  是like ?= ? >?
我们对TextBox,CheckBox,ComBox,DateTimePicker 进行扩展代码如下
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace FinancialSystem
{
public interface IExtControl
{
/// <summary>
/// 使用类型
/// </summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"控件使用类型")]
ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
set;
get;
}

/// <summary>
/// 数据字段名称
/// </summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"指向数据库表某个字段")]
string ExtDataField
{
set;
get;
}

/// <summary>
/// 数据字段名称
/// </summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"指向数据库表字段对应的值")]
string ExtDataValue { set; get; }

/// <summary>
/// 查询表达式
/// </summary>
[Category("Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"查询表达式选择")]
ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression {
get; set; }

/// <summary>
/// 清空值
/// </summary>
void ClearDataValue();
}

public class ExtTextBox : TextBox, IExtControl
{

#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Query;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType
= value;
}
}

private string extDataField;

[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"指向数据库表某个字段")]
public string ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField
=value;
}
}

[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"字段值")]
public string ExtDataValue
{
get { return this.Text.ToString(); }
set { this.Text = value; }
}


private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression
= value;
}
}

public void ClearDataValue()
{
this.Text = "";
}

#endregion
}

public class ExtComBox : ComboBox, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Query;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType
= value;
}
}

private string extDataField;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"指向数据库表某个字段")]
public string ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField
= value;
}
}

private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression
= value;
}
}

[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"字段值")]
public string ExtDataValue
{
get { return this.SelectedValue==null?"":this.SelectedValue.ToString(); }
set { this.SelectedValue = value; }
}

/// <summary>
/// 清空值
/// </summary>
public void ClearDataValue()
{
this.SelectedValue = -1;
}
#endregion
}

public class ExtCheckBox : CheckBox, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Query;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType
= value;
}
}

private string extDataField;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"指向数据库表某个字段")]
public string ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField
= value;
}
}

[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"字段值")]
public string ExtDataValue
{
get
{
if (this.Checked)
return "True";
else
return "False";
}
set
{
if (value == "True")
this.Checked = true;
else
this.Checked = false;
}
}

private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression
= value;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 清空值
/// </summary>
public void ClearDataValue()
{
this.Checked = false;
}
#endregion
}


public class ExtDateTimePicker : DateTimePicker, IExtControl
{
#region IExtControl 成员
private ExtUsingTypeEnum extUsingType = ExtUsingTypeEnum.Edit;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"控件使用类型")]
public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
return extUsingType;
}
set
{
extUsingType
= value;
}
}

private string extDataField;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"指向数据库表某个字段")]
public string ExtDataField
{
get
{
return extDataField;
}
set
{
extDataField
= value;
}
}

[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"字段值")]
public string ExtDataValue
{
get { return this.Value.ToString(); }
set { this.Text = value; }
}


private ExtQueryExpressionEnum extQueryExpression = ExtQueryExpressionEnum.EQ;
[Category(
"Ext-扩展属性")]
[Browsable(
true)]
[Description(
"查询表达式选择")]
public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
return extQueryExpression;
}
set
{
extQueryExpression
= value;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 清空值
/// </summary>
public void ClearDataValue()
{
this.Value = DateTime.Now;
}
#endregion
}

public class ExtDataGridViewTextBoxColumn : DataGridViewTextBoxColumn, IExtControl
{

#region IExtControl 成员

public ExtUsingTypeEnum ExtUsingType
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}

public string ExtDataField
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}

public string ExtDataValue
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}

public ExtQueryExpressionEnum ExtQueryExpression
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}

public void ClearDataValue()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}

#endregion
}
}
 
查询表达式枚举
View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace FinancialSystem
{
public enum ExtUsingTypeEnum
{
Query
= 0,
Edit
= 1,
Normal
= 2
}

public enum ExtQueryExpressionEnum
{
LK
= 0,
EQ
= 1,
IN
= 2,
YEARANDMONTH
= 3,
FR
= 4,
TO
= 5,
UE
= 6,
GT
= 7,
LT
= 8,
NOTNULL
=9,
ISNULL
=10,
OR
=11,
SK
=8
}
}

完成上面工作后,我们VS左侧工具栏就可以看到我们新扩展的控件

我们利用上面的扩展控件设计个查询界面,右键控件属性,分别设置ExtDataField,ExtQueryExpression值

设置控件属性,新增查询控件就直接拖到界面上,设置对应数据库查询字段及查询方式即可

上面我们就完成了自定义查询的界面的设计,接下来就是读取这些控件的扩展属性生成SQL查询条件,代码如下

View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;

namespace EF.WinForm
{
public class QueryHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 清空查询条件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parentControl"></param>
public static void ClearWhereString(Control parentControl)
{
if (parentControl == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("装载查询控件的容器不存在!");

foreach (Control control in parentControl.Controls)
{
if (control is IExtControl)
{
if (control.Enabled)
{
IExtControl extControl
= (IExtControl)control;
extControl.ClearDataValue();
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取生成查询条件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parentControl"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetWhereString(Control parentControl)
{
return GetWhereString(parentControl, "And");

}

/// <summary>
/// 读取查询条件(web直接处理传回的XML,或者JSON字符串)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parentControl"></param>
/// <param name="logic"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetWhereString(Control parentControl,string logic)
{
if(parentControl == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("装载查询控件的容器不存在!");

string whereStr="";
foreach(Control control in parentControl.Controls)
{
if(control is IExtControl)
{
IExtControl extControl
=(IExtControl)control;
if(extControl.ExtDataValue.Trim()!="")
whereStr
+= " ("+GetMatch(extControl.ExtDataField,extControl.ExtQueryExpression.ToString(),extControl.ExtDataValue)+") "+logic;
}

}
if (whereStr == "")
return "";
else
return " where " + whereStr.Substring(0, whereStr.Length - logic.Length);

}


/// <summary>
/// 根据匹配域,匹配方法,匹配域值取得匹配条件串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fieldName">匹配域名称(同数据库一致)</param>
/// <param name="match">匹配方法(null=EQ)</param>
/// <param name="fieldValue">匹配域的值</param>
/// <returns>域的条件串</returns>
public static string GetMatch(string fieldName,string match,string fieldValue)
{
string mop="=";
fieldValue
= fieldValue.Replace("'","''");
if(AttrIsNull(match))
match
= "EQ";
switch(match.ToUpper())
{
case "EQ":
mop
= fieldName + "='" + fieldValue + "'";
break;
case "UE":
mop
= fieldName + "<>'" + fieldValue + "'";
break;
case "GT":
mop
= fieldName + ">'" + fieldValue + "'";
break;
case "LT":
mop
= fieldName + "<'" + fieldValue + "'";
break;
case "IN":
string[] flds=fieldValue.Split(',');
string fldstr="";
for(int i=0;i<flds.Length;i++)
fldstr
+="'"+flds[i]+"',";
fldstr
= fldstr.Substring(0,fldstr.Length-1);
mop
= fieldName + " IN (" + fldstr + ")";
break;
case "FR":
mop
= fieldName + ">='" + fieldValue + "'";
break;
case "TO":
mop
= fieldName + "<='" + fieldValue + "'";
break;
case "LK":
mop
= fieldName + " LIKE '%" + fieldValue + "%'";
break;
case "SK":
string[] flds0=fieldValue.Split(' ');
string fldstr0="%";
for(int i=0;i<flds0.Length;i++)
if(flds0[i].Trim()!="")
fldstr0
+=flds0[i]+"%";
mop
= fieldName + " LIKE '" + fldstr0 + "'";
break;
case "NOTNULL":
mop
= fieldName + " IS NOT NULL and "+fieldName + " <>'' ";
break;
case "ISNULL":
mop
= fieldName + " IS NULL or "+fieldName + " ='' ";
break;
case "OR":
string[] flds1=fieldValue.Split(' ');
string fldstr1="";
for(int i=0;i<flds1.Length;i++)
if(flds1[i].Trim()!="")
fldstr1
+=fieldName + " Like '%"+flds1[i]+"%' or ";
fldstr1
= fldstr1.Substring(0,fldstr1.Length-3);
mop
=" (" + fldstr1 + ") ";
break;
case "YEARANDMONTH":
mop
= string.Format("YEAR({0})=YEAR('{1}') and MONTH({0})=MONTH('{1}')", fieldName, fieldValue);
break;
}
return mop;
}

public static bool AttrIsNull(string attr)
{
if(attr == null || attr == "")
return true;
else
return false;
}

}
}

这段代码的基本业务就是查找所有继随IExtControl的接口控件,读取其中的字段,值,及查询方式拼接生成SQL where条件

继续来调用QueryHelper实现Winform的查询代码

View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using EF.Model;
using EF.BLL;

namespace EF.WinForm
{
public partial class FrmMain : Form
{
public FrmMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void btnQuery_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//获取自定义查询条件
string whereStr = QueryHelper.GetWhereString(this.groupBox1);
//读取数据 (BLL层调用DAL层的context SqlQuery方法实现
BlogArticleService service=new BlogArticleService();
List
<BlogArticle> list = service.SqlQuery(whereStr,"");

this.bindingSource.DataSource = list;
this.bindingNavigator.BindingSource = bindingSource;
this.dataGridView.DataSource = this.bindingSource;
}

private void btnClear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
QueryHelper.ClearWhereString(
this.groupBox2);
}

private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
BlogCategoryService service
= new BlogCategoryService();
List
<BlogCategory> list = service.FindAll();
this.extComBox1.DataSource = list;
this.extComBox1.DisplayMember = "CateName";
this.extComBox1.ValueMember = "CateID";
}
}
}

运行后查看结果

如果再新增查询条件,我们只要拖个控制设置一下对应数据库属性,这样不用修改后台代码了。例如:

以上就是EF 基于原始SQL实现的简易自定义查询功能,不是很完善。我们可以再继续封装排序,分页等查询功能。 

View Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using EF.DAL;
using EF.Model;

namespace EF.BLL
{
public class BlogArticleService
{
IRepository
<BlogArticle> repository;
public BlogArticleService(IRepository<BlogArticle> repository)
{
this.repository = repository;
}

public BlogArticleService()
{
this.repository = new BlogArticleRepository();
}

public BlogArticle Create()
{
return repository.Create();
}

public BlogArticle Insert(BlogArticle entity)
{
return repository.Insert(entity);
}

public BlogArticle Update(BlogArticle entity)
{
return repository.Update(entity);
}

public void Delete(BlogArticle entity)
{
repository.Delete(entity);
}

//为了演示,查询可单独提取一个接口类 同Resposity用法相同
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string sqlString)
{
return repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
}

//为了演示,查询可单独提取一个接口类 同Resposity用法相同
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string whereStr,string orderStr)
{
string tableName = typeof(BlogArticle).Name;
string sqlString = string.Format("select *from {0} {1} {2}", tableName, whereStr, orderStr);
return repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
}

//实现一个简易分页功能
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string whereStr, string orderStr,ref int pageIndex,ref int pageCount,ref int sumCount)
{
string tableName = typeof(BlogArticle).Name;
string sqlString = string.Format("select *from {0} {1} {2}", tableName, whereStr, orderStr);
List
<BlogArticle> list = repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
sumCount
= list.Count;
return list.Skip(pageIndex).Take(pageCount).ToList();
}

//为了演示,查询可单独提取一个接口类 同Resposity用法相同
public List<BlogArticle> SqlQuery(string fields,string whereStr, string orderStr)
{
string tableName = typeof(BlogArticle).ToString();
string sqlString = string.Format("select {0} from {1} {2} {3}", fields, tableName, whereStr, orderStr);
return repository.SqlQuery(sqlString);
}


}
}

利用ESQL结合ObjectQuery同样实现这个功能,并且不用处理值类型转换。如果DbContext 在后面支持了ESQL,建议还是用ESQL 处理。

源码下载

posted on 2011-07-11 14:00  小城岁月  阅读(30993)  评论(38编辑  收藏  举报

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