上一篇讲了栈,这一篇要总结的是我们常用的队列,我想从以下几个方面进行总结。

1,什么是队列?
2,队列的存储结构?
3,队列的常用操作及实现代码?

1,什么是队列

1,首先,队列也是一种特殊的线性表,它是一种操作受限的线性表。它只允许在表的一端进行元素插入,而在另一端进行元素删除。允许插入的一端称为队尾(rear),允许删除的一端称为队头(font)。

2,对于队列,与现实生活中的排队类似,新加入的成员总是在队尾,而排在队列最前面的总是最先离开队列,即先进先出,因此队列也称为先进先出表(FIFO)。

2,队列的存储结构

ds16

实现代码:

/// <summary>
    /// 封装顺序队列
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    public class SeqQueue<T>
    {
        private const int _maxSize = 100;
        public int MaxSize
        {
            get { return _maxSize; }
        }

        //保存数据
        public T[] data=new T[_maxSize];

        //头指针
        public int head;

        //尾指针
        public int rear;
    }

3,队列的常见操作及实现代码

1,初始化队列

思路:构造一个空队列,即将头指针head和尾指针rear都设置为0。

2,入队

思路:若队列不满,则将数据x插入到尾指针rear指向的位置,然后再将rear加1。

3,出队

思路:若队列不空,则将头指针head加1,并返回被删除的元素。

4,取队头

思路:若队列不空,则返回队头元素。

5,取队长

思路:即尾指针rear-头指针head。

6,判队空

思路:只需要判断头指针head与尾指针是否相等即可

7,判队满

思路:只需判断尾指针与MaxSize是否相等即可

注:在一个非空队列中,头指针始终指向队头元素,而尾指针始终指向队尾元素的下一个位置

C#版:

namespace DS.Model
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 学生实体
    /// </summary>
    public class Student
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace DS.BLL
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 队列常见操作逻辑类
    /// </summary>
    public class SeqQueueBLL
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static SeqQueue<T> Init<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue)
        {
            seqQueue.head = 0;
            seqQueue.rear = 0;
            return seqQueue;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 入队
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static SeqQueue<T> Enter<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue,T data)
        { 
            //是否队满
            if (IsFull(seqQueue)) return null;

            seqQueue.data[seqQueue.rear++] = data; //等价于seqQueue.data[seqQueue.rear] = data; seqQueue.rear++;
            return seqQueue;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 出队
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T Dequeue<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue)
        { 
            //是否队空
            if (IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return default(T);

            var data = seqQueue.data[seqQueue.head];
            seqQueue.head++;
            return data;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 取队头
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T GetHead<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue)
        { 
            //是否队空
            if(IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return default(T);

            return seqQueue.data[seqQueue.head];
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 取队长
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static int GetLength<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue)
        {
            return seqQueue.rear - seqQueue.head;
        }
        

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断是否队满
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool IsFull<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue)
        {
            if (seqQueue.rear >= seqQueue.MaxSize) return true;
            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断是否队空
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool IsEmpty<T>(SeqQueue<T> seqQueue)
        {
            if (seqQueue.head == seqQueue.rear) return true;
            return false;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 封装顺序队列
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    public class SeqQueue<T>
    {
        private const int _maxSize = 100;
        public int MaxSize
        {
            get { return _maxSize; }
        }

        //保存数据
        public T[] data=new T[_maxSize];

        //头指针
        public int head;

        //尾指针
        public int rear;
    }
}

namespace SeqQueue.CSharp
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            SeqQueue<Student> seqQueue = new SeqQueue<Student>();

            Console.WriteLine("********************初始化*******************\n");
            SeqQueueBLL.Init(seqQueue);
            Console.WriteLine("当前队列的长度是:{0}", SeqQueueBLL.GetLength(seqQueue));

            Console.WriteLine("\n********************入队*******************\n");
            Console.WriteLine("插入五条数据到队列\n");
            SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 1, Name = "a", Age = 1 });
            SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 2, Name = "b", Age = 2 });
            SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 3, Name = "c", Age = 3 });
            SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 4, Name = "d", Age = 4 });
            SeqQueueBLL.Enter(seqQueue, new Student { ID = 5, Name = "e", Age = 5 });
            Display(seqQueue);

            Console.WriteLine("\n********************出队*******************\n");
            Console.WriteLine("将队头出队\n");
            Student student= SeqQueueBLL.Dequeue(seqQueue);
            Display(seqQueue);

            Console.WriteLine("\n********************取队头*******************\n");
            Student result= SeqQueueBLL.GetHead(seqQueue);
            Console.WriteLine("ID={0},Name={1},Age={2}\n", result.ID, result.Name, result.Age);

            Console.WriteLine("\n********************取队长*******************\n");
            Console.WriteLine("当前队列中有{0}个元素\n",SeqQueueBLL.GetLength(seqQueue));

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 展示数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="seqQueue"></param>
        private static void Display(SeqQueue<Student> seqQueue)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("\n*****展示数据*****\n");

            for (int i = seqQueue.head; i < seqQueue.rear; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("ID={0},Name={1},Age={2}\n", seqQueue.data[i].ID, seqQueue.data[i].Name, seqQueue.data[i].Age);
            }
            Console.WriteLine("*****展示完毕*****\n");
        }
    }
}

程序运行结果:

ds17-1

ds17-2

 

C语言版:

#include "stdio.h"    
#include "stdlib.h"   
#include "io.h"  
#include "math.h"  
#include "time.h"

#define OK 1
#define ERROR 0
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define MAXSIZE 20

typedef int Status; 
typedef int ElemType;

/* 队列的顺序存储结构 */
typedef struct
{
    ElemType data[MAXSIZE];
    int head;        /* 头指针 */
    int rear;        /* 尾指针,若队列不空,指向队列尾元素的下一个位置 */
}SeqQueue;

/*初始化*/
Status Init(SeqQueue *seqQueue)
{
    seqQueue->head=0;
    seqQueue->rear=0;
    return OK;
}

/*入队*/
Status Enter(SeqQueue *seqQueue,ElemType e)
{
    //是否队满
    if (IsFull(seqQueue)) return ERROR;

    seqQueue->data[seqQueue->rear]=e;
    seqQueue->rear++;
    return OK;
    
}

/*出队*/
Status Dequeue(SeqQueue *seqQueue,ElemType *e)
{
    //是否队空
    if (IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return ERROR;
    
    *e=seqQueue->data[seqQueue->head]; //为什么不能用e=seqQueue->data[seqQueue->head]
    seqQueue->head++;
    return OK;
}

/*取队头*/
Status GetHead(SeqQueue *seqQueue,ElemType *e)
{
    //是否队空
    if (IsEmpty(seqQueue)) return ERROR;
    
    *e=seqQueue->data[seqQueue->head];
    return OK;
}

/*取队长*/
int GetLength(SeqQueue *seqQueue)
{
    return seqQueue->rear-seqQueue->head;
}

/*是否队满*/
Status IsFull(SeqQueue *seqQueue)
{
    if (seqQueue->rear>=MAXSIZE) return TRUE;
    return FALSE;
}

/*是否队空*/
Status IsEmpty(SeqQueue *seqQueue)
{
    if (seqQueue->rear==seqQueue->head) return TRUE;
    return FALSE;
}

/*展示数据*/
void Display(SeqQueue *seqQueue)
{
    int i;
    printf("*****展示数据*****\n");
    for (i=seqQueue->head;i<seqQueue->rear;i++)
    {
        printf("%d ",seqQueue->data[i]);
    }
    printf("\n*****展示完毕*****\n");
}

void main()
{
    SeqQueue seqQueue;
    ElemType e;
    Status i;
    int j;

    printf("***************初始化***************\n");
    i=Init(&seqQueue);
    if (i==OK) printf("初始化成功!\n");
    else printf("初始化失败!\n");

    printf("\n***************入队***************\n");
    printf("插入五条数据到队列\n");
    for (j=1;j<6;j++)
    {
        i=Enter(&seqQueue,j);
    }
    Display(&seqQueue);

    printf("\n***************出队***************\n");
    printf("将队头出队\n");
    Dequeue(&seqQueue,&e);
    Display(&seqQueue);

    printf("\n***************取队头***************\n");
    GetHead(&seqQueue,&e);
    printf("当前队头元素是:%d\n",e);

    printf("\n***************取队长***************\n");
    printf("当前队列中有%d个元素\n",GetLength(&seqQueue));
    
    getchar();
}

程序运行结果:

ds18

posted on 2013-07-28 21:05  永远的麦子  阅读(2156)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报