Docker基础知识介绍
Docker概述
查看百度百科介绍 docker
查看官网介绍 官网docker介绍
docker社区版本文档：https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/
Docker部署
系统环境说明
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 [root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -m x86_64
Docker安装
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y docker [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable docker [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start docker [root@linux-node1 ~]# ps -ef|grep docker root 33377 1 0 20:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false root 33381 33377 0 20:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --shim docker-containerd-shim --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2m --state-dir /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/containerd --runtime docker-runc --runtime-args --systemd-cgroup=true root 33508 31744 0 20:54 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
修改Docker默认仓库地址
由于docker默认仓库地址在国外需要修改库地址，这里是有阿里云给用户提供的docker加速地址。修改方法如下：
获取阿里云提供的docker镜像加速地址（容器服务-->控制台-->Docker Hub 镜像站点-->您的专属加速器地址）： https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current \ --registry-mirror=https://k9lgui7f.mirror.aliyuncs.com \ # 新增这行配置 [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
Docker基本应用
docker指令列表：https://docs.docker.com/edge/engine/reference/commandline/docker/#description
启动并管理第一个docker容器
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker run hello-world Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/hello-world ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/hello-world b04784fba78d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f3b3b28a45160805bb16542c9531888519430e9e6d6ffc09d72261b0d26ff74f Hello from Docker! This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly. To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal. To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bash Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: https://cloud.docker.com/ For more examples and ideas, visit: https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/ [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker ps # 列出运行中的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker ps -a # 列出本地所有的容器（包括运行、停止状态） CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9fe352841955 hello-world "/hello" 54 seconds ago Exited (0) 52 seconds ago jovial_dijkstra [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker images # 查看本地镜像列表 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/hello-world latest 1815c82652c0 4 days ago 1.84 kB [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker save hello-world >hello-world.tar # 导出本地容器镜像 [root@linux-node1 ~]# ll total 24 -rw-------. 1 root root 3526 Feb 27 17:57 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12800 Jun 19 21:29 hello-world.tar -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2779 Feb 27 17:45 ks-pre.log
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker rmi hello-world # 删除镜像，但是由于有容器正在使用该镜像导致删除失败 Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "hello-world" (must force) - container 9fe352841955 is using its referenced image 1815c82652c0
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world # 强制删除镜像 Untagged: hello-world:latest Untagged: docker.io/hello-world@sha256:f3b3b28a45160805bb16542c9531888519430e9e6d6ffc09d72261b0d26ff74f Deleted: sha256:1815c82652c03bfd8644afda26fb184f2ed891d921b20a0703b46768f9755c57
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker images # 查看删除结果 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker load < hello-world.tar # 导入保存的镜像 Loaded image: docker.io/hello-world:latest
[root@linux-node1 ~]# tar -xf hello-world.tar # 镜像本质是固定格式的各种文件的tar包 [root@linux-node1 ~]# ll total 36 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1520 Jun 15 03:29 1815c82652c03bfd8644afda26fb184f2ed891d921b20a0703b46768f9755c57.json drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 47 Jun 15 03:29 3e0554cb0efadb678332292bb7835495fbb0c71af7e01bd4f7d11e64fe3d54df -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217 Jan 1 1970 manifest.json -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 Jan 1 1970 repositories
其他相关指令介绍
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker search centos # 在官网容器镜像库里面搜索centos镜像 INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/centos The official build of CentOS. 3409 [OK] # 官方提供的镜像 docker.io docker.io/jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.9 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.3.1611 x8... 72 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 26 [OK] docker.io docker.io/gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glu... 19 [OK] docker.io docker.io/kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 14 [OK] docker.io docker.io/egyptianbman/docker-centos-nginx-php A simple and highly configurable docker co... 9 [OK] docker.io docker.io/torusware/speedus-centos Always updated official CentOS docker imag... 8 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nathonfowlie/centos-jre Latest CentOS image with the JRE pre-insta... 6 [OK] docker.io docker.io/centos/mariadb55-centos7 5 [OK] docker.io docker.io/darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/centos/redis Redis built for CentOS 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/harisekhon/centos-java Java on CentOS (OpenJDK, tags jre/jdk7-8) 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/harisekhon/centos-scala Scala + CentOS (OpenJDK tags 2.10-jre7 - 2... 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/freenas/centos Simple CentOS Linux interactive container 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/sgfinans/docker-centos CentOS with a running sshd and Docker 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/timhughes/centos Centos with systemd installed and running 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/vorakl/centos CentOS7, EPEL, tools. Updated/Tested daily! 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/grayzone/centos auto build for centos. 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/grossws/centos CentOS 6 and 7 base images with gosu and l... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/januswel/centos yum update-ed CentOS image 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/kz8s/centos Official CentOS plus epel-release 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/repositoryjp/centos Docker Image for CentOS. 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/vcatechnology/centos A CentOS Image which is updated daily 0 [OK]
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker pull centos:6.6 # 拉取指定的镜像 Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... 6.6: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos 90577c79babf: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e21297742183af3e64cbd42585c1718b53c677797a77044ba13c1425c21ef06b
[root@linux-node1 layerdb]# cd /var/lib/docker/image/devicemapper/layerdb # 实际镜像存储位置 [root@linux-node1 layerdb]# tree . ├── mounts ├── sha256 │ └── 373c3c960ecf7d8419a1444bb371baa88cfb1c68b8209f1b0d58c1cb4fc80d3e │ ├── cache-id │ ├── diff │ ├── size │ └── tar-split.json.gz └── tmp 4 directories, 4 files # 注释：详细的存储目录说明 http://licyhust.com/%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF/2016/09/27/docker-image-data-structure/
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker run -it -d --name=centos-6.6-01 centos:6.6 sh 6d13a7232a388476d0fd5219d271e241eb1f8b49e7166419e48312654a521a25
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6d13a7232a38 centos:6.6 "sh" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds centos-6.6-01
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker exec -it centos-6.6-01 bash [root@6d13a7232a38 /]# cd [root@6d13a7232a38 ~]# ls -l total 0 [root@6d13a7232a38 ~]# # ctrl+p+q 退出容器 # 参数说明 -t:在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端 -i:允许你对容器内的标准输入(STDIN)进行交互 -d:后台运行 --name:指定容器名称
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker inspect centos-6.6-01 # 查看容器的所有信息 [ { "Id": "6d13a7232a388476d0fd5219d271e241eb1f8b49e7166419e48312654a521a25", "Created": "2017-06-19T14:06:39.782219421Z", "Path": "sh", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 34527, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2017-06-19T14:06:40.194889044Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:d0362617006138b556bed588d181c107d2db47f71dd5be78704ab822f6ce1d63", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6d13a7232a388476d0fd5219d271e241eb1f8b49e7166419e48312654a521a25/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6d13a7232a388476d0fd5219d271e241eb1f8b49e7166419e48312654a521a25/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6d13a7232a388476d0fd5219d271e241eb1f8b49e7166419e48312654a521a25/hosts", "LogPath": "", "Name": "/centos-6.6-01", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "devicemapper", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": [ "5a5c3858d90b0d218cccda4d00ee5125d7667f8394878767225d1a9902c7d33b" ], "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "journald", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "docker-runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": null, "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DiskQuota": 0, "KernelMemory": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": -1, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": 0, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0 }, "GraphDriver": { "Name": "devicemapper", "Data": { "DeviceId": "9", "DeviceName": "docker-8:3-135201927-7e8795de189a83b6b563e1711af3a03d4978c693a209b156c61924d0ac2a4810", "DeviceSize": "10737418240" } }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "6d13a7232a38", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "sh" ], "Image": "centos:6.6", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "a98be384bcc5460090ccaee31e9f04d7ba96d1c46db61d9b57b6089509cc8baa", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/a98be384bcc5", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "94de7bf9b816f6ac17582472b27957843bee9fb3cc7efc53bf5742def6d2e1c7", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "39b0d172812f93e14bb599922d47c17ae4b7eba18ea18e3f8f6f7c8e6e3dc8c2", "EndpointID": "94de7bf9b816f6ac17582472b27957843bee9fb3cc7efc53bf5742def6d2e1c7", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02" } } } } ] [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker attach centos-6.6-01 # 第一种方法进入容器进行操作 sh-4.1# ls -l total 28 dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 4 2015 bin drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 380 Jun 19 14:06 dev drwxr-xr-x 45 root root 4096 Jun 19 14:06 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 23 2011 home dr-xr-xr-x 7 root root 76 Mar 4 2015 lib dr-xr-xr-x 6 root root 8192 Mar 4 2015 lib64 drwx------ 2 root root 6 Mar 4 2015 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 23 2011 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 23 2011 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 23 2011 opt dr-xr-xr-x 253 root root 0 Jun 19 14:06 proc dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 86 Mar 4 2015 root drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 20 Jun 19 14:06 run dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 4 2015 sbin drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 21 Mar 4 2015 selinux drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Sep 23 2011 srv dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Jun 19 14:06 sys drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 6 Mar 4 2015 tmp drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 143 Mar 4 2015 usr drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4096 Mar 4 2015 var [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker exec -it centos-6.6-01 bash # 第二种方法进入容器（推荐） [root@6d13a7232a38 /]# [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install util-linux # 第三种进入容器方法 [root@linux-node1 ~]# cat docker_in.sh #!/bin/env bash if [ ! $# -eq 1 ] then echo "Usages:$0 CONTAINER_ID or CONTAINER_NAME" exit 1 fi pid=`docker inspect --format "{{.State.Pid}}" $1` nsenter -t $pid -m -u -i -n -p [root@linux-node1 ~]# sh docker_in.sh Usages:docker_in.sh CONTAINER_ID or CONTAINER_NAME [root@linux-node1 ~]# sh docker_in.sh centos-6.6-01 [root@6d13a7232a38 /]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02 inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:648 (648.0 b) TX bytes:648 (648.0 b) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) [root@6d13a7232a38 /]#
[root@linux-node1 ~]# docker rm centos-6.6-01 # 删除运行中的容器 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 6d13a7232a388476d0fd5219d271e241eb1f8b49e7166419e48312654a521a25. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker rm -f centos-6.6-01 centos-6.6-01 [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker run -it --rm --name=centos-6.6-01 centos:6.6 sh # --rm参数 容器停止后自动删除相关文件 sh-4.1# exit [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker logs centos-6.6-01 # 查看容器日志 [root@linux-node1 ~]# docker logs -f centos-6.6-01 # 实时查看容器日志
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/madsnotes/
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