通过HttpWebRequest在后台对WebService进行调用

 

                       通过HttpWebRequest在后台对WebService进行调用

 

目录：

1  后台调用Webservice的业务需求

2  WebService支持的交互协议

3  如何配置WebService支持的协议

4  后台对WebService的调用

4.1 SOAP 1.1 后台调用实例

4.2 SOAP 1.2 后台调用实例

 

注：本文章的开发环境为VSS2008  .net FrameWork 3.5

 

本文章设计到使用的代码示例的WebService 为

服务路径：http://localhost/WebServiceTest/Service1.asmx

服务接口:

[WebMethod]

        public string HelloWorld(string StudentName,string PassWord)

        {

            return "Hello World";

        }

 

1  后台调用Webservice的业务需求

 

   在实际开发环境中，我们常常调用WebService时，通过项目中引用现实部署的WebService的Asmx文件，生成客户端代理类的方式。这种方式将和WebService进行了二次封装，并以代理类的方式进行调用，有利用简单，快捷的开发。

这种开发方式包含了两个重要的问题

1）在开发环境中必须可以访问需要调用的WebService，在开发一些大公司的内网系统时，我们往往在开发环境中访问不到，只仅仅在部署环境中访问。

2）WebService的接口发生版本变更，我们的应用系统需要重新编译并部署。

   

在发现以上的困惑后，直觉告诉我们，我们需要一种直接通过交互协议的方式进行访问WebService。就像网页爬虫一样，去交互业务操作。

 

 

2  WebService支持的交互协议

 

 

WebService支持三种方式

1）Http post 方式（注意这种方式只对于本机调试使用，在web服务部署在其他机器上，应用程序不能通过 Http Post方式调用）

       具体交互格式如下：

POST /WebServiceTest/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld HTTP/1.1

Host: localhost

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Content-Length: length

 

StudentName=string&PassWord=string

 

2）SOAP1.1协议 注意Soap协议是基于HTTP的协议，也就是在HTTP的基础上再次封装

交互格式如下：

POST /WebServiceTest/Service1.asmx HTTP/1.1

Host: localhost

Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8

Content-Length: length

SOAPAction: "http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld"

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">

  <soap:Body>

    <HelloWorld xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">

      <StudentName>string</StudentName>

      <PassWord>string</PassWord>

    </HelloWorld>

  </soap:Body>

</soap:Envelope>

 

3）SOAP1.2 协议

交互格式如下：

POST /WebServiceTest/Service1.asmx HTTP/1.1

Host: localhost

Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8

Content-Length: length

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">

  <soap12:Body>

    <HelloWorld xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">

      <StudentName>string</StudentName>

      <PassWord>string</PassWord>

    </HelloWorld>

  </soap12:Body>

</soap12:Envelope>

 

3  如何配置WebService支持的协议

 

WebService支持的协议包含两种 Soap1.1 Soap1.2 对于webService 来讲可以通过配置文件配置，支持那些协议，默认的情况下两种协议都支持。

具体的配置方式为：

在配置文件中

<webServices>

  <protocols>

    <add name="HttpSoap1.2"/>

    <add name="HttpSoap1.1"/>

</protocols>

</webServices>

 

 

4  后台对WebService的调用

 

4.1 SOAP 1.1 后台调用实例

 

                  string   str1="\"双引号\"";  

                Console.WriteLine("新开始进行连接测试");

 

                string param = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>

                                        <soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"" xmlns:xsd=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap=""http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"">

                                          <soap:Body>

                                            <HelloWorld xmlns=""http://tempuri.org/"">

                                              <StudentName>1</StudentName>

                                              <PassWord>1</PassWord>

                                            </HelloWorld>

                                          </soap:Body>

                                        </soap:Envelope>";

                byte[] bs = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(param);

                HttpWebRequest myRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://fox-gaolijun/Short_Message/Service1.asmx");

 

                myRequest.Method = "POST";

                myRequest.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";

                myRequest.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", "http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld");

                myRequest.ContentLength = bs.Length;

 

                Console.WriteLine("完成准备工作");

                using (Stream reqStream = myRequest.GetRequestStream())

                {

                    reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);

                }

               

                using (HttpWebResponse myResponse = (HttpWebResponse)myRequest.GetResponse())

                {

                    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(myResponse.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);

                    responseString = sr.ReadToEnd();

                    Console.WriteLine("反馈结果" + responseString);

                }  

                Console.WriteLine("完成调用接口");

 

            }

            catch (Exception e)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(System.DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString() + "LBS EXCEPTION:" + e.Message);

 

                Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);

            }

 

4.1 SOAP 1.2 后台调用实例

 

Console.WriteLine("新开始进行连接测试");

                string responseString;

                string param = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>

                                <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"" xmlns:xsd=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap12=""http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"">

                                 <soap12:Body>

                                    <HelloWorld xmlns=""http://tempuri.org/"">

                                        <StudentName>1212</StudentName>

                                         <PassWord>12121</PassWord>

                                    </HelloWorld>

                                </soap12:Body>

                            </soap12:Envelope>";

                byte[] bs = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(param);

                HttpWebRequest myRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("  http://fox-gaolijun/Short_Message/Service1.asmx");

 

                myRequest.Method = "POST";

                myRequest.ContentType = "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8";

                myRequest.ContentLength = bs.Length;

            

                Console.WriteLine("完成准备工作");

                using (Stream reqStream = myRequest.GetRequestStream())

                {

                    reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);

                }

 

                using (HttpWebResponse myResponse = (HttpWebResponse)myRequest.GetResponse())

                {

                    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(myResponse.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);

                    responseString = sr.ReadToEnd();

                    Console.WriteLine("反馈结果" + responseString);

                }

                Console.WriteLine("完成调用接口");

 

            }

            catch (Exception e)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(System.DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString() + "LBS EXCEPTION:" + e.Message);

 

                Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);

            }