WPF/Silverlight HierarchicalDataTemplate 模版的使用

上一篇 对Wpf/Silverlight Template 进行了总结,本篇继续上一篇,主要是介绍 HierarchicalDataTemplate 的使用方法。HierarchicalDataTemplate 继承于DataTemplate,被称之为"层级式数据模板",主要是应用层级比较明显数据集合,其典型的应用就是对TreeView控件进行数据绑定,接下来就在Silverlight 5 下进行一下演示。最近有个卖凉茶的节目比较火,叫中国好声音,里面的导师和其歌手的分组就是个层级结构,我们暂且先用它来做个例子吧。

首先我们需要准备一下层级的数据集合,定义一个歌手类:

歌手类
    /// <summary>
    /// 歌手类
    /// </summary>
    public class Singer
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 歌手编号
        /// </summary>
        public int SingerId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 歌手名称
        /// </summary>
        public string SingerName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 歌手头像
        /// </summary>
        public string SingerHeader { get; set; }
    }

 然后定义一个 导师类,导师类中有个属性就是歌手的集合,代码如下:

导师类
    /// <summary>
    /// 导师类
    /// </summary>
    public class Teacher
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 导师编号
        /// </summary>
        public int TeacherId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 导师名称
        /// </summary>
        public string TeacherName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 导师头像
        /// </summary>
        public string TeacherHeader { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 学生列表
        /// </summary>
        public ObservableCollection<Singer> SingerList { get; set; }
    }

 接下来用代码组织一个导师与歌手的层级数据集合:

好声音层级数据集合
    /// <summary>
    /// 好声音数据集合
    /// </summary>
    public class GoodVoice
    {
        public static ObservableCollection<Teacher> GoodVoiceData;

        static GoodVoice()
        {
            GoodVoiceData = new ObservableCollection<Teacher>();
            GoodVoiceData.Add(new Teacher()
            {
                TeacherId = 1,
                TeacherName = "刘欢",
                TeacherHeader = @"Images/刘欢/刘欢.png",
                SingerList = new ObservableCollection<Singer>()
                {
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=1, SingerName="吉克隽逸",SingerHeader=@"Images/刘欢/吉克隽逸.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=2, SingerName="权振东",SingerHeader=@"Images/刘欢/权振东.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=3, SingerName="徐海星",SingerHeader=@"Images/刘欢/徐海星.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=4, SingerName="袁娅维",SingerHeader=@"Images/刘欢/袁娅维.png"},
                }
            });

            GoodVoiceData.Add(new Teacher()
            {
                TeacherId = 2,
                TeacherName = "那英",
                TeacherHeader = @"Images/那英/那英.png",
                SingerList = new ObservableCollection<Singer>()
                {
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=5, SingerName="张炜",SingerHeader=@"Images/那英/张炜.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=6, SingerName="梁博",SingerHeader=@"Images/那英/梁博.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=7, SingerName="张赫宣",SingerHeader=@"Images/那英/张赫宣.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=8, SingerName="多亮",SingerHeader=@"Images/那英/多亮.png"},
                }
            });

            GoodVoiceData.Add(new Teacher()
            {
                TeacherId = 3,
                TeacherName = "杨坤",
                TeacherHeader = @"Images/杨坤/杨坤.png",
                SingerList = new ObservableCollection<Singer>()
                {
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=9, SingerName="金志文",SingerHeader=@"Images/杨坤/金志文.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=10, SingerName="关喆",SingerHeader=@"Images/杨坤/关喆.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=11, SingerName="平安",SingerHeader=@"Images/杨坤/平安.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=12, SingerName="丁丁",SingerHeader=@"Images/杨坤/丁丁.png"},
                }
            });

            GoodVoiceData.Add(new Teacher()
            {
                TeacherId = 4,
                TeacherName = "庾澄庆",
                TeacherHeader = @"Images/庾澄庆/庾澄庆.png",
                SingerList = new ObservableCollection<Singer>()
                {
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=9, SingerName="金池",SingerHeader=@"Images/庾澄庆/金池.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=10, SingerName="王韵壹",SingerHeader=@"Images/庾澄庆/王韵壹.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=11, SingerName="吴莫愁",SingerHeader=@"Images/庾澄庆/吴莫愁.png"},
                   new Singer(){ SingerId=12, SingerName="大山",SingerHeader=@"Images/庾澄庆/大山.png"},
                }
            });
        }
    }

 有了数据集合,我们就可以在Xaml中编写我们的 HierarchicalDataTemplate 模版了,我们定义两个模版,一个TeacherTemplate 代表导师节点,一个SingerTemplate 代表歌手节点,并把TeacherTemplate中的ItemTemplate指定为SingerTemplate,具体代码如下: 

<common:HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="SingerTemplate">        
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="24">
            <Image Source="{Binding SingerHeader}" Height="24" Width="24"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding SingerName}" Margin="2,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="12" Foreground="Green" />           
        </StackPanel>
</common:HierarchicalDataTemplate>
    
<common:HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="TeacherTemplate" ItemsSource="{Binding SingerList}" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource SingerTemplate}">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="24">
            <Image Source="{Binding TeacherHeader}" Height="24" Width="24" />
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding TeacherName}" Margin="2,0,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Center"  FontSize="14" Foreground="Blue"/>
        </StackPanel>
</common:HierarchicalDataTemplate>

 在Silverlight下,需要在Xaml代码中添加如下命名空间:xmlns:common="clr-namespace:System.Windows;assembly=System.Windows.Controls" 

在此之后,在主界面MainPage.xaml 中添加一个TreeView控件,并给该控件增加一个根节点,命名为 RootItem,并把该根节点的ItemTemplate指定为我们刚刚编写的层级模版中的 TeacherTemplate:

<sdk:TreeView x:Name="GoodVoiceTree" Width="200" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch">
    <sdk:TreeViewItem x:Name="RootItem" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource TeacherTemplate}" IsExpanded="True">
         <sdk:TreeViewItem.HeaderTemplate>
              <DataTemplate>
                 <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                    <Image Source="images/中国好声音.png" Height="24" Width="24"/>
                    <TextBlock Text="中国好声音" Margin="2,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="16" Foreground="Red" />
                 </StackPanel>
              </DataTemplate>
         </sdk:TreeViewItem.HeaderTemplate>
   </sdk:TreeViewItem>
</sdk:TreeView>

 接下来,我们为该树控件的根节点RootItem绑定我们的数据集合就可以展现我们的树形控件了:

this.RootItem.ItemsSource = GoodVoice.GoodVoiceData;

 运行结果如下图:

其实在我们的实际开发项目中有些数据的层级结构是固定的,比如上面的例子,就固定了导师和歌手两个层级,固定的层级的话我们可以对每一层的样式方便的进行控制(直接在每层的模版中制作就可以)。但还有很多的时候,数据的层级是不固定的,我们也来进行一下简单的演示:

首先定义个TreeNode类,代表每层的数据模型:

TreeNode 代码
    public class TreeNode
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 节点名称
        /// </summary>
        public string  NodeName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 节点图片
        /// </summary>
        public string NodeImage { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否展开
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsOpen { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 子节点
        /// </summary>
        public ObservableCollection<TreeNode> ChildNode { get; set; }
    }

 同样用代码组织一个层级数据集合:

TreeNodeData
    public class TreeNodeData
    {
        public static ObservableCollection<TreeNode> TreeNodeList;
        
        static TreeNodeData()
        {
            TreeNodeList = new ObservableCollection<TreeNode>();
            //根节点
            TreeNode RootNode = new TreeNode()
            {
                NodeName = "根节点",
                NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Root.png",
                IsOpen = true,
                ChildNode = new ObservableCollection<TreeNode>()               
            };

            //子节点A
            TreeNode Node_A = new TreeNode()
            {
                NodeName = "子节点A",
                NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Node.png",
                IsOpen = false,
                ChildNode = new ObservableCollection<TreeNode>()
            };
            Node_A.ChildNode.Add(new TreeNode() { NodeName = "叶子节点A-1", NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Leaf.png", IsOpen = false });
            Node_A.ChildNode.Add(new TreeNode() { NodeName = "叶子节点A-2", NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Leaf.png", IsOpen = false });
            Node_A.ChildNode.Add(new TreeNode() { NodeName = "叶子节点A-3", NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Leaf.png", IsOpen = false });
            
            //子节点B
            TreeNode Node_B = new TreeNode()
            {
                NodeName = "子节点B",
                NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Node.png",
                IsOpen = true,
                ChildNode = new ObservableCollection<TreeNode>()
            };
            Node_B.ChildNode.Add(new TreeNode() { NodeName = "叶子节点B-1", NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Leaf.png", IsOpen = false });
            Node_B.ChildNode.Add(new TreeNode() { NodeName = "叶子节点B-2", NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Leaf.png", IsOpen = false });

            //节点B 子节点B-3
            TreeNode Node_B_3 = new TreeNode()
            {
                NodeName = "子节点B-3",
                NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/SubNode.png",
                IsOpen = false,
                ChildNode = new ObservableCollection<TreeNode>()
            };
            Node_B_3.ChildNode.Add(new TreeNode() { NodeName = "叶子节点B-3-1", NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Leaf.png", IsOpen = false });
            Node_B_3.ChildNode.Add(new TreeNode() { NodeName = "叶子节点B-3-2", NodeImage = @"Images/Tree/Leaf.png", IsOpen = false });

            Node_B.ChildNode.Add(Node_B_3);         
            RootNode.ChildNode.Add(Node_A);
            RootNode.ChildNode.Add(Node_B);

            TreeNodeList.Add(RootNode);
            
        }
    }

在Xaml中编写的层级模版:

<common:HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="TreeNodeTemplate" ItemsSource="{Binding ChildNode}" >
    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="24">
        <Image Source="{Binding NodeImage}" Height="24" Width="24" />
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding NodeName}" Margin="2,0,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Center"  FontSize="12" Foreground="Blue"/>
    </StackPanel>
</common:HierarchicalDataTemplate>

在这里我们需要注意一个问题:我们在TreeNode类的时候定义个一个布尔值属性 IsOpen,就是利用这个属性来控制我们这棵树的节点的展开闭合状态的:True 代表该节点展开,False 代表该节点闭合。如果不这么做我们对 TreeView控件进行绑定后,树的初始状态都是闭合的,但是这种方法仅限于WPF 和 Silverlight 5 ,Silverlight4 及以下版本是不灵滴,不知道是不是Silverlight的一个Bug。

<sdk:TreeView x:Name="MyTree" Width="200" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"  ItemTemplate="{StaticResource TreeNodeTemplate}"            
                      HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch">
        <sdk:TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
            <Style TargetType="sdk:TreeViewItem">
                 <Setter Property="IsExpanded" Value="{Binding IsOpen}"/>
            </Style>
        </sdk:TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>           
</sdk:TreeView>

 这里我们就利用了上一篇提到的TreeView的ItemContainerStyle属性,对TreeView中的所有TreeviewItem的IsExpander属性进行了绑定。

同样将我们的数据集合绑定到我们的这个TreeView控件上: 

this.MyTree.ItemsSource = TreeNodeData.TreeNodeList;

 由于我们在数据集合中对 根节点 和 子节点B 的IsOpen属性设置为了True,因此这两个节点是展开的,运行结果如下图:

至此,在Silverlight下利用HierarchicalDataTemplate 层级模版绑定TreeView控件的使用方式,演示完毕,至于如何获取TreeView 节点的数据,我们可以在TreeView控件中的SelectedItemChanged事件中进行获取,这里就不贴代码了,大家可以下载源码参看。

源码下载

posted @ 2012-10-24 22:19  Rising_Sun  阅读(8543)  评论(12编辑  收藏  举报