Rails3 Route 用法集锦

默认路由：

# Rails3:
match '/:controller(/:action(/:id))'
# Rails2:
map.connect ':controller/:action/:id'

正则路由：

# Rails3:
match 'products/:id', :to => 'catalog#view'
# Rails2:
map.connect 'products/:id', :controller => 'catalog', :action => 'view'

命名路由：

# Rails3:
match 'logout', :to => 'sessions#destroy', :as => 'logout'
# Rails2:
map.logout 'logout', :controller => 'sessions', :action => ''

根路由：

# Rails3:
root => 'welcome#show'
# Rails2:
map.root :controller => 'welcome', :action => 'show'

路由简写技巧：
:to 键的省略:

match 'account' => 'account#index'
# 相当于：
match 'account', :to => 'account#index'
match 'info' => 'projects#info', :as => 'info'

注意：
:as 在rails3中是改变 helper， 在rails2中是改变 path

当路径和控制器(及action)一至时，可省略指派控制器部分

match 'account/overview'
# 相当于：
match 'account/overview', :to => 'account#overview'

Verb路由
当需要限制http请求方法的时候通过键 :via ，也可以直接把方法写在最前面：

get 'account/overview'
# 相当于：
match 'account/overview', :via => 'get'
match 'account/setup', :via => [:get, :post]
# 支持get\post\put\delete四种HTTP方法

resources路由： 

resources :posts, :except => [:index]
resources :posts, :only => [:new, :create]
# edit_post GET    /posts/:id/modify(.:format) {:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
resources :posts, :path_names => { :edit => 'modify' }
resources :projects do
  resources :tasks, :people
end
resources :products do
  collection do
    get  :sold
    post :on_offer, :search
  end
  get :buy, :on => :member
  post :batch, :on => :collection
end
resource :session do
  get :create
end

:shallow用法：
Rails3中的shallow用法与Rails2中一致

resources :blogs, :shallow => true do
  resources :comments
end

使用:shallow前后相同部分：

blog_comments	GET	/blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"index"}
blog_comments	POST	/blogs/:blog_id/comments(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"create"}
new_blog_comment	GET	/blogs/:blog_id/comments/new(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"new"}
blogs	GET	/blogs(.:format)	{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"index"}
blogs	POST	/blogs(.:format)	{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"create"}
new_blog	GET	/blogs/new(.:format)	{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"new"}
edit_blog	GET	/blogs/:id/edit(.:format)	{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"edit"}
blog	GET	/blogs/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"show"}
blog	PUT	/blogs/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"update"}
blog	DELETE	/blogs/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"blogs", :action=>"destroy"}

使用:shallow前后不同部分：
不使用shallow选项：

edit_blog_comment	GET	/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id/edit(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"}
blog_comment	GET	/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"}
blog_comment	PUT	/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"}
blog_comment	DELETE	/blogs/:blog_id/comments/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}

使用shallow选项后：

edit_comment	GET	/comments/:id/edit(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"edit"}
comment	GET	/comments/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"show"}
comment	PUT	/comments/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"update"}
comment	DELETE	/comments/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"comments", :action=>"destroy"}

可以看出使用shallow选项后，对于已经存在的资源使用简化方式操作，具体行为涉及到 edit\show\update\destroy 四种
另外，shallow选项的有效范围是对自身及嵌套的资源都有效，如下面这个例子：

resources :publishers do
  resources :magazines do
    resources :albums, :shallow => true do
      resources :photos do
        resources :images
      end
    end
  end
end

这个例子中 albums、photos、images 都会使用简化方式，而 magazines 不会。特别注意：这种嵌套方式极不推荐，一般嵌套的层级最好不要超过一级

scope路由
:path 改变Path，:module 改变Controller, :name_prefix || :as 改变 helper

scope 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 行当于：
scope :path => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：

posts	GET	/admin/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
posts	POST	/admin/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post	GET	/admin/posts/new(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post	GET	/admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
post	GET	/admin/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
post	PUT	/admin/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
post	DELETE	/admin/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}

scope :module => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
resources :posts, :module => 'admin'

生成路由：

posts	GET	/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
posts	POST	/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_post	GET	/posts/new(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_post	GET	/posts/:id/edit(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
post	GET	/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
post	PUT	/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
post	DELETE	/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}

scope :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
resources :posts, :name_prefix => 'admin'

生成路由：

admin_posts	GET	/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts	POST	/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post	GET	/posts/new(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post	GET	/posts/:id/edit(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post	GET	/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post	PUT	/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post	DELETE	/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"posts", :action=>"destroy"}

scope 'admin', :module => 'admin', :name_prefix => 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end
# 相当于：
namespace 'admin' do
  resources :posts
end

生成路由：

admin_posts	GET	/admin/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"index"}
admin_posts	POST	/admin/posts(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"create"}
new_admin_post	GET	/admin/posts/new(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"new"}
edit_admin_post	GET	/admin/posts/:id/edit(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"edit"}
admin_post	GET	/admin/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"show"}
admin_post	PUT	/admin/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"update"}
admin_post	DELETE	/admin/posts/:id(.:format)	{:controller=>"admin/posts", :action=>"destroy"}

在路由中定义跳转：

match "/posts/github" => redirect("http://github.com/rails.atom")
# 地址 /foo/1 会自动跳转到 /bar/1s
match "/foo/:id", :to => redirect("/bar/%{id}s")
# /account/proc/inosin 会自动跳转到 /inosins
match 'account/proc/:name', :to => redirect {|params|
"/#{params[:name].pluralize}" }
match "/stories" => redirect {|p, req| "/posts/#{req.subdomain}" }

路由中的限制：

# 限制 id 只能为数字
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/
match "/posts/show/:id", :to => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}
# 限制子域名
match "photos", :constraints => {:subdomain => "admin"}
# 限制访问者 IP
constraints(:ip => /127.0.0.1/) do
  match  '/questions', :to => redirect("http://www.stackoverflow.com/")
end
# 当访问者 ip 是 192.168.1.* 的来访者访问 子域名为 "test"
match "/ttt" => proc{|env| [200, {}, ["hello test"]]}, \
    :constraints => {:subdomain => "test", :ip => /192\.168\.1\.\d+/}

路由通配符：

resources :photos, :id => /\d+/
match 'photos/*other' => 'photos#unknown'
#上面这两行路由则会把不符合7种path的其他url全部解析到PhotoController#unknown中去处理，params[:other]可得到path中/photos/之后的部分，注意这两行的顺序不能颠倒
match 'books/*section/:title' => 'books#show'
# 例如：books/some/section/last-words-a-memoir 中 params[:section] = "some/section", params[:title] = "last-words-a-memoir".
match '*a/foo/*b' => 'test#index'
# 例如：zoo/woo/foo/bar/baz 中 params[:a] = "zoo/woo", params[:b] = "bar/baz"

Rack:

match "/foo", :to => proc {|env| [200, {}, ["Hello world"]] }
match 'rocketeer.js' => ::TestRoutingMapper::RocketeerApp
RocketeerApp = lambda { |env|
  [200, {"Content-Type" => "text/html"}, ["javascripts"]]
}

参考文档：
http://www.engineyard.com/blog/2010/the-lowdown-on-routes-in-rails-3/
http://www.railsdispatch.com/posts/rails-routing
http://guides.rails.info/routing.html
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/203-routing-in-rails-3
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/231-routing-walkthrough
http://asciicasts.com/episodes/232-routing-walkthrough-part-2