JPA的查询语言—JPQL的命名查询@NamedQuery
Posted on 2012-06-01 23:42 CN.programmer.Luxh 阅读(14819) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报JPA的命名查询实际上就是给查询语句起个名字,执行查询的时候就是直接使用起的这个名字,避免重复写JPQL语句,使查询在代码中得到更多的重用。我不怎么喜欢使用命名查询,因为我不想把查询语句写在实体中,使得实体看起来变得复杂臃肿。
1、使用@NamedQuery注解在实体类中定义命名查询。
@NamedQuery(name="findAllUser",query="SELECT u FROM User u")
@NamedQuery中的属性name指定命名查询的名称,query属性指定命名查询的语句。
如果要定义多个命名查询,需要使用@NamedQueries。
@NamedQueries({
@NamedQuery(name="findAllUser",query="SELECT u FROM User u"),
@NamedQuery(name="findUserWithId",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.id = ?1"),
@NamedQuery(name="findUserWithName",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.name = :name")
})
2、定义好命名查询后,可以使用EntityManager的createNamedQuery方法传入命名查询的名称创建查询。例如:createNamedQuery("findAllUser");
3、一个简单的例子。
简单的User实体:
package com.cndatacom.jpa.entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.NamedQueries; import javax.persistence.NamedQuery; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name="t_user") @NamedQueries({ @NamedQuery(name="findAllUser",query="SELECT u FROM User u"), @NamedQuery(name="findUserWithId",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.id = ?1"), @NamedQuery(name="findUserWithName",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.name = :name") }) public class User { /** * 主键 */ @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; /** * 名字 */ @Column(name="name") private String name; /** * 密码 */ @Column(name="password") private String password; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
简单的测试:
package com.cndatacom.jpa.test; import java.util.List; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory; import javax.persistence.Persistence; import javax.persistence.Query; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.cndatacom.jpa.entity.User; public class TestNamedQuery { EntityManagerFactory emf = null; @Before public void before() { //根据在persistence.xml中配置的persistence-unit name 创建EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJPA"); } @After public void after() { //关闭EntityManagerFactory if(null != emf) { emf.close(); } } @Test public void testNamedQuery1() { EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); List<User> users = em.createNamedQuery("findAllUser").getResultList();//根据User实体中定义的命名查询 } @Test public void testNamedQuery2() { EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); Query query = em.createNamedQuery("findUserWithId");//根据User实体中定义的命名查询 query.setParameter(1, 2L); List<User> users = query.getResultList(); } @Test public void testNamedQuery3() { EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); Query query = em.createNamedQuery("findUserWithName");//根据User实体中定义的命名查询 query.setParameter("name", "李坏"); List<User> users = query.getResultList(); } }