C#笔记25:比较和排序(IComparable和IComparer以及它们的泛型实现)
C#笔记25:比较和排序(IComparable和IComparer以及它们的泛型实现)
本文摘要:
1:比较和排序的概念;
2:IComparable和IComparer;
3:IComparable和IComparer的泛型实现IComparable<T>和IComparer<T>;
1:比较和排序的概念
比较:两个实体类之间按>,=,<进行比较。
排序:在集合类中,对集合类中的实体进行排序。排序基于的算法基于实体类提供的比较函数。
基本型别都提供了默认的比较算法,如string提供了按字母进行比较,int提供了按整数大小进行比较。
2:IComparable和IComparer
当我们创建了自己的实体类,如Student,默认想要对其按照年龄进行排序,则需要为实体类实现IComparable接口。
class Student:IComparable { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } #region IComparable Members public int CompareTo(object obj) { Student student = obj as Student; if (Age > student.Age) { return 1; } else if (Age == student.Age) { return 0; } else { return -1; } //return Age.CompareTo(student.Age); } #endregion }
PS:注意上面代码中CompareTo方法有一条注释的代码,其实本函数完全可以使用该注释代码代替,因为利用了整形的默认比较方法。此处未使用本注释代码,是为了更好的说明比较器的工作原理。
接下来写一个测试用例:
public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); studentList = new ArrayList(); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 1, Name = "a1" }); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 5, Name = "g1" }); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 4, Name = "b1" }); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 2, Name = "f1" }); } ArrayList studentList; private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { studentList.Sort(); foreach (Student item in studentList) { this.textBox1.Text += item.Name + "----" +item.Age.ToString() + "\r\n" ; } }
运行结果:
a1----1
f1----2
b1----4
g1----5
OK,疑问来了。如果不想使用年龄作为比较器了,那怎么办。这个时候IComparer的作用就来了,可使用IComparer来实现一个自定义的比较器。如下:
class SortName: IComparer { #region IComparer Members public int Compare(object x, object y) { Student s1 = x as Student; Student s2 = y as Student; return s1.Name.CompareTo(s2.Name); } #endregion }
这个时候,我们在排序的使用为Sort方法提供此比较器:
studentList.Sort(new SortName());
运行的结果是:
a1----1
b1----4
f1----2
g1----5
3:IComparable和IComparer的泛型实现IComparable<T>和IComparer<T>
如果我们稍有经验,我们就会发现上面的代码我们使用了一个已经不建议使用的集合类ArrayList。当泛型出来后,所有非泛型集合类已经建议不尽量使用了。至于原因,从上面的代码中我们也可以看出一点端倪。
注意查看这个Compare函数,如:
public int Compare(object x, object y) { Student s1 = x as Student; Student s2 = y as Student; return s1.Name.CompareTo(s2.Name); }
我们发现这个函数进行了装箱和拆箱。而这是会影响性能的。如果我们的集合中有成千上万个复杂的实体对象,则在排序的时候所耗费掉的性能就是客观的。而泛型的出现,就可以避免掉拆箱和装箱。
故上文代码中的ArrayList,应该换成List<T>,对应的,我们就该实现IComparable<T>和IComparer<T>。最终的代码应该像:
public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); studentList = new List<Student>(); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 1, Name = "a1" }); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 5, Name = "g1" }); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 4, Name = "b1" }); studentList.Add(new Student() { Age = 2, Name = "f1" }); } List<Student> studentList; private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { studentList.Sort(new SortName()); foreach (Student item in studentList) { this.textBox1.Text += item.Name + "----" +item.Age.ToString() + "\r\n" ; } } } class Student:IComparable<Student> { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } #region IComparable<Student> Members public int CompareTo(Student other) { return Age.CompareTo(other.Age); } #endregion } class SortName: IComparer<Student> { #region IComparer<Student> Members public int Compare(Student x, Student y) { return x.Name.CompareTo(y.Name); } #endregion }
Age objects can be sorted. Which code segment should you use?
A. public class Age { public int Value;
public object CompareTo(object obj)
{ if (obj is Age)
{ Age _age = (Age) obj;
return Value.CompareTo(obj); }
throw new ArgumentException("object not an Age"); } }
B. public class Age {
public int Value;
public object CompareTo(int iValue) {
try {
return Value.CompareTo(iValue); }
catch {
throw new ArgumentException ("object not an Age"); } } }
C. public class Age : IComparable {
public int Value;
public int CompareTo(object obj)
{ if (obj is Age) {
Age _age = (Age) obj;
D. public class Age : IComparable {
public int Value;
public int CompareTo(object obj) {
try {
return Value.CompareTo(((Age) obj).Value); }
catch {
return -1; } } }
Answer: C
You need to implement the IComparable<string> interface. Which code segment should you use?
A. public class Person : IComparable<string>{ public int CompareTo(string other){ ... }}
B. public class Person : IComparable<string>{ public int CompareTo(object other){ ... }}
C. public class Person : IComparable<string>{ public bool CompareTo(string other){ ... }}
D. public class Person : IComparable<string>{ public bool CompareTo(object other){ ... }}
Answer: A