Django之内置Admin
Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:
依赖APP:
django.contrib.auth
django.contrib.contenttypes
django.contrib.messages
django.contrib.sessions
模板的context_processors:
django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages
中间件:
django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware
django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
一、配置路由
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), ]
当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:
/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/
/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/
二、定制Admin
在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:
方式一: class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表 方式二: @admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如
1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') def xxxxx(self, obj): return "xxxxx"
2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx') list_display_links = ('pwd',)
3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd') class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter): title = _('decade born') parameter_name = 'xxxxxx' def lookups(self, request, model_admin): """ 显示筛选选项 :param request: :param model_admin: :return: """ return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title') def queryset(self, request, queryset): """ 点击查询时,进行筛选 :param request: :param queryset: :return: """ v = self.value() return queryset.filter(ug=v) list_filter = ('user',Ugg,)
4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related
5. 分页相关
# 分页,每页显示条数 list_per_page = 100 # 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部) list_max_show_all = 200 # 分页插件 paginator = Paginator
6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',) list_editable = ('ug',)
7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')
8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): date_hierarchy = 'ctime'
9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件
10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”
11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑
save_as_continue = True # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。 # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。 New in Django 1.10.
12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮
13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline extra = 0 model = models.UserInfo class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title',) inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]
14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # 定制Action行为具体方法 def func(self, request, queryset): print(self, request, queryset) print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action')) func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions" actions = [func, ] # Action选项都是在页面上方显示 actions_on_top = True # Action选项都是在页面下方显示 actions_on_bottom = False # 是否显示选择个数 actions_selection_counter = True
15. 定制HTML模板
add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None
16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)
17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ('user',)
18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): exclude = ('user',)
19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ('user',)
20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = ( ('基本数据', { 'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',) }), ('其他', { 'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty' 'fields': ('user', 'pwd'), }), )
21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)
22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ordering = ('-id',) 或 def get_ordering(self, request): return ['-id', ]
23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
view_on_site = False 或 def view_on_site(self, obj): return 'https://www.baidu.com'
24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL
25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total) # show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all) search_fields = ('user',)
26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件
from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.html import format_html class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget): def __init__(self, attrs=None): # Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'} if attrs: default_attrs.update(attrs) super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs) def render(self, name, value, attrs=None): if value is None: value = '' final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name) return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value) @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): formfield_overrides = { models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea}, }
27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}
PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充
28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
from app01 import models from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import fields class MyForm(ModelForm): others = fields.CharField() class Meta: model = models = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" @admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = MyForm
29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示" list_display = ('user','pwd','up') def up(self,obj): return obj.user up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"