Django之缓存

　　由于Django是动态网站，所有每次请求均会去数据进行相应的操作，当程序访问量大时，耗时必然会更加明显，最简单解决方式是使用：缓存，缓存将一个某个views的返回值保存至内存或者memcache中，5分钟内再有人来访问时，则不再去执行view中的操作，而是直接从内存或者Redis中之前缓存的内容拿到，并返回。

Django中提供了6种缓存方式：

开发调试
内存
文件
数据库
Memcache缓存（python-memcached模块）
Memcache缓存（pylibmc模块）

1、配置

a、开发调试

# 此为开始调试用，实际内部不做任何操作
    # 配置：
        CACHES = {
            'default': {
                'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.dummy.DummyCache',     # 引擎
                'TIMEOUT': 300,                                               # 缓存超时时间（默认300，None表示永不过期，0表示立即过期）
                'OPTIONS':{
                    'MAX_ENTRIES': 300,                                       # 最大缓存个数（默认300）
                    'CULL_FREQUENCY': 3,                                      # 缓存到达最大个数之后，剔除缓存个数的比例，即：1/CULL_FREQUENCY（默认3）
                },
                'KEY_PREFIX': '',                                             # 缓存key的前缀（默认空）
                'VERSION': 1,                                                 # 缓存key的版本（默认1）
                'KEY_FUNCTION' 函数名                                          # 生成key的函数（默认函数会生成为：【前缀:版本:key】）
            }
        }


    # 自定义key
    def default_key_func(key, key_prefix, version):
        """
        Default function to generate keys.

        Constructs the key used by all other methods. By default it prepends
        the `key_prefix'. KEY_FUNCTION can be used to specify an alternate
        function with custom key making behavior.
        """
        return '%s:%s:%s' % (key_prefix, version, key)

    def get_key_func(key_func):
        """
        Function to decide which key function to use.

        Defaults to ``default_key_func``.
        """
        if key_func is not None:
            if callable(key_func):
                return key_func
            else:
                return import_string(key_func)
        return default_key_func

View Code

b、内存

# 此缓存将内容保存至内存的变量中
    # 配置：
        CACHES = {
            'default': {
                'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
                'LOCATION': 'unique-snowflake',
            }
        }

    # 注：其他配置同开发调试版本

View Code

c、文件

# 此缓存将内容保存至文件
    # 配置：

        CACHES = {
            'default': {
                'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.filebased.FileBasedCache',
                'LOCATION': '/var/tmp/django_cache',
            }
        }
    # 注：其他配置同开发调试版本

View Code

d、数据库

# 此缓存将内容保存至数据库

    # 配置：
        CACHES = {
            'default': {
                'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
                'LOCATION': 'my_cache_table', # 数据库表
            }
        }

    # 注：执行创建表命令 python manage.py createcachetable

View Code

e、Memcache缓存（python-memcached模块）

# 此缓存使用python-memcached模块连接memcache

    CACHES = {
        'default': {
            'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
            'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:11211',
        }
    }

    CACHES = {
        'default': {
            'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
            'LOCATION': 'unix:/tmp/memcached.sock',
        }
    }   

    CACHES = {
        'default': {
            'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
            'LOCATION': [
                '172.19.26.240:11211',
                '172.19.26.242:11211',
            ]
        }
    }

View Code

f、Memcache缓存（pylibmc模块）

# 此缓存使用pylibmc模块连接memcache
    
    CACHES = {
        'default': {
            'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache',
            'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:11211',
        }
    }

    CACHES = {
        'default': {
            'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache',
            'LOCATION': '/tmp/memcached.sock',
        }
    }   

    CACHES = {
        'default': {
            'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyLibMCCache',
            'LOCATION': [
                '172.19.26.240:11211',
                '172.19.26.242:11211',
            ]
        }
    }

View Code

2、应用

a. 全站使用

使用中间件，经过一系列的认证等操作，如果内容在缓存中存在，则使用FetchFromCacheMiddleware获取内容并返回给用户，当返回给用户之前，判断缓存中是否已经存在，如果不存在则UpdateCacheMiddleware会将缓存保存至缓存，从而实现全站缓存

    MIDDLEWARE = [
        'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',
        # 其他中间件...
        'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware',
    ]

    CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS = ""
    CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS = ""
    CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX = ""

View Code

b. 单独视图缓存

方式一：
        from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

        @cache_page(60 * 15)
        def my_view(request):
            ...

    方式二：
        from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

        urlpatterns = [
            url(r'^foo/([0-9]{1,2})/$', cache_page(60 * 15)(my_view)),
        ]

View Code

c、局部视图使用

a. 引入TemplateTag

        {% load cache %}

    b. 使用缓存

        {% cache 5000 缓存key %}
            缓存内容
        {% endcache %}

View Code

应用代码：

"""
Django settings for s4day118_django_cache project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '83gn4u-qg#%7w7z&ghoqqm(d=y4x6#-fv%wou5^ljmlmw*a66t'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware',
]
from django.middleware.cache import FetchFromCacheMiddleware
from django.middleware.cache import UpdateCacheMiddleware
ROOT_URLCONF = 's4day118_django_cache.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,  'templates'),],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 's4day118_django_cache.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

CACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
        'TIMEOUT': 5,
        'LOCATION': [('192.168.11.81:12000',1),]
    }
}


CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS = 5

settings.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
import time
# from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
#
#
# @cache_page(5)
# def index(request):
#     ctime = time.time()
#     return render(request,'index.html',{'ctime': ctime})


def index(request):
    ctime = time.time()
    return render(request,'index.html',{'ctime': ctime})


def new(request):
    ctime = time.time()
    return HttpResponse(ctime)

views.py

{% load cache %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h3>{{ ctime }}</h3>
    {% cache 5 "kkkkkkkk" %}
            <h3>{{ ctime }}</h3>
    {% endcache %}

</body>
</html>

index.html

更多：猛击这里

posted @ 2017-09-05 17:37 luchuangao 阅读(145) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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