MFC程序运行流程

->进入入口函数_tWinMain()

程序首先进入文件AppModul.cpp，找到_tWinMain()函数运行，调用其中的AfxWinMain()函数。

由于为了支持UNICODE,C运行库对WinMain其实区分了UNICODE版和ANSI版.对UNICODE版的程序,C运行库将调用wWinMain,而对于ANSI版的应用,则调用WinMain.

文件tchar.h定义:

...
#ifdef  _UNICODE
...
#define _tmain      wmain
#define _tWinMain   wWinMain
...
 
#else   /* ndef _UNICODE */
...
#define _tmain      main
#define _tWinMain   WinMain
...

MFC的代码设计时是自动支持UNICODE的,所以,MFC的WinMain在APPMODUL.CPP被定义为_tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)，无论用户#define _UNICODE与否,MFC的WinMain都会被调用.

extern "C" int WINAPI
_tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    _In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
#pragma warning(suppress: 4985)
{
    // call shared/exported WinMain
    return AfxWinMain(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow);
}

hInstance:表示该程序当前运行的实例句柄，它是一个数值。当程序在Windows下运行时，它唯一标识运行中的实例。

hPrevInstance:父窗口句柄。这个参数在Win32下已经不起作用了。

lpCmpLine:指定传递给应用程序的命令行参数。

nCmdShow:指定程序窗口如何显示，例如最大化、最小化、隐藏等。

->进入AfxWinMain()

int AFXAPI AfxWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    _In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    ASSERT(hPrevInstance == NULL);
 
    int nReturnCode = -1;
    CWinThread* pThread = AfxGetThread();//返回指向theApp的指针
    CWinApp* pApp = AfxGetApp();//返回指向theApp的指针
 
    // AFX internal initialization
    if (!AfxWinInit(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow))//<strong>初始化应用程序内部环境，设置MFC</strong>
        goto InitFailure;
 
    // App global initializations (rare)
    if (pApp != NULL && !pApp->InitApplication())//<strong>初始化应用程序内部环境，设置MFC</strong>
        goto InitFailure;
 
    // Perform specific initializations
    if (!<strong>pThread->InitInstance</strong>())//<strong>完成应用程序相关工作：设计窗口类、注册窗口类、创建窗口类、显示窗口类、更新窗口类</strong>
    {
        if (pThread->m_pMainWnd != NULL)
        {
            TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Destroying non-NULL m_pMainWnd\n");
            pThread->m_pMainWnd->DestroyWindow();
        }
        nReturnCode = pThread->ExitInstance();
        goto InitFailure;
    }
    nReturnCode = pThread->Run();//<strong>进入消息循环，处理系统消息。</strong>

<strong>//Run()调用PumpMessage函数,通过调用GetMessage、TranslateMessage、DispatchMessage等建立了消息循环并投递消息。</strong>
 
InitFailure:
#ifdef _DEBUG
    // Check for missing AfxLockTempMap calls
    if (AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock != 0)
    {
        TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Temp map lock count non-zero (%ld).\n",
            AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock);
    }
    AfxLockTempMaps();
    AfxUnlockTempMaps(-1);
#endif
 
    AfxWinTerm();
    return nReturnCode;
}

->pThread->InitInstance()

这是个虚函数，pThread指向的是theApp，调用的是子类C***App类中的InitInstance函数。

KuaiPaiClient项目中的该函数为：

BOOL CKuaiPanClientApp::InitInstance()
{
    // InitCommonControlsEx() is required on Windows XP if an application
    // manifest specifies use of ComCtl32.dll version 6 or later to enable
    // visual styles.  Otherwise, any window creation will fail.
    INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX InitCtrls;
    InitCtrls.dwSize = sizeof(InitCtrls);
    // Set this to include all the common control classes you want to use
    // in your application.
    InitCtrls.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
    InitCommonControlsEx(&InitCtrls);
 
    CWinAppEx::InitInstance();
 
 
    // Initialize OLE libraries
    if (!AfxOleInit())
    {
        AfxMessageBox(IDP_OLE_INIT_FAILED);
        return FALSE;
    }
 
    AfxEnableControlContainer();
 
    EnableTaskbarInteraction(FALSE);
 
    // AfxInitRichEdit2() is required to use RichEdit control    
    // AfxInitRichEdit2();
 
    // Standard initialization
    // If you are not using these features and wish to reduce the size
    // of your final executable, you should remove from the following
    // the specific initialization routines you do not need
    // Change the registry key under which our settings are stored
    // TODO: You should modify this string to be something appropriate
    // such as the name of your company or organization
    SetRegistryKey(_T("Local AppWizard-Generated Applications"));
    LoadStdProfileSettings(4);  // Load standard INI file options (including MRU)

    InitContextMenuManager();
 
    InitKeyboardManager();
 
    InitTooltipManager();
    CMFCToolTipInfo ttParams;
    ttParams.m_bVislManagerTheme = TRUE;
    theApp.GetTooltipManager()->SetTooltipParams(AFX_TOOLTIP_TYPE_ALL,
        RUNTIME_CLASS(CMFCToolTipCtrl), &ttParams);
 
    // Register the application's document templates.  Document templates
    //  serve as the connection between documents, frame windows and views
    CSingleDocTemplate* pDocTemplate;
    pDocTemplate = new CSingleDocTemplate(
        IDR_MAINFRAME,
        RUNTIME_CLASS(CKuaiPanClientDoc),
        RUNTIME_CLASS(CMainFrame),       // main SDI frame window
        RUNTIME_CLASS(CKuaiPanClientView));
    if (!pDocTemplate)
        return FALSE;
    AddDocTemplate(pDocTemplate);//<strong>将Doc类、CMainFrame和CView三个类用文档模板关联到一起，装载到当前应用程序的全局对象theApp中。</strong>
 
    // Parse command line for standard shell commands, DDE, file open
    CCommandLineInfo cmdInfo;
    ParseCommandLine(cmdInfo);
 
    // Dispatch commands specified on the command line.  Will return FALSE if
    // app was launched with /RegServer, /Register, /Unregserver or /Unregister.
    if (!<strong>ProcessShellCommand</strong>(cmdInfo))//<strong>主要完成：设计窗口类、注册窗口类、创建窗口类</strong>
        return FALSE;
 
    // The one and only window has been initialized, so show and update it
    m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);//显示窗口
    m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow();//更新框架窗口
    // call DragAcceptFiles only if there's a suffix
    //  In an SDI app, this should occur after ProcessShellCommand
    return TRUE;
}

->ProcessShellCommand()调用了LoadFrame()注册并创建窗口

1	`ProcessShellCommand()——>OnCmdMsg()——>AfxDispatchCmdMsg()——>pfn_Command()——>OnFileNew()——>OpenDocumentFile()——>CreateNewFrame()——>LoadFrame()`

1	`多次调用PreCreateWindow、CreateEx、AfxEndDeferRegisterClass 注册工具栏、状态栏等.`

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BOOL CWinApp::ProcessShellCommand(CCommandLineInfo& rCmdInfo)
{
    BOOL bResult = TRUE;
    switch (rCmdInfo.m_nShellCommand)
    {
    case CCommandLineInfo::RestartByRestartManager:
        // Re-register with the restart manager using the restart identifier from the command line
        RegisterWithRestartManager(SupportsApplicationRecovery(), rCmdInfo.m_strRestartIdentifier);
 
        // Call RestartIntance, which should reopen any previously opened document(s) and
        // optionally load the autosaved versions after querying the user about loading.
        if (RestartInstance())
            break;
        // If RestartInstance returns FALSE, then fall through to FileNew case, so
        // a new document is created--otherwise the main frame will not be created.
 
    case CCommandLineInfo::FileNew:
        if (!AfxGetApp()->OnCmdMsg(ID_FILE_NEW, 0, NULL, NULL))
            <strong>OnFileNew</strong>();
        if (m_pMainWnd == NULL)
            bResult = FALSE;
        break;
 
    // If we've been asked to open a file, call OpenDocumentFile()
    case CCommandLineInfo::FileOpen:
        if (!OpenDocumentFile(rCmdInfo.m_strFileName))
            bResult = FALSE;
        break;
 
    // If the user wanted to print, hide our main window and
    // fire a message to ourselves to start the printing
    case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrintTo:
    case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrint:
        m_nCmdShow = SW_HIDE;
        ASSERT(m_pCmdInfo == NULL);
        if(OpenDocumentFile(rCmdInfo.m_strFileName))
        {
            m_pCmdInfo = &rCmdInfo;
            ENSURE_VALID(m_pMainWnd);
            m_pMainWnd->SendMessage(WM_COMMAND, ID_FILE_PRINT_DIRECT);
            m_pCmdInfo = NULL;
        }
        bResult = FALSE;
        break;
 
    // If we're doing DDE print or print to, start up without a new document and hide ourselves
    case CCommandLineInfo::FileDDENoShow:
        m_pCmdInfo = (CCommandLineInfo*)(UINT_PTR)m_nCmdShow;
        m_nCmdShow = SW_HIDE;
        break;
 
    // If we're doing DDE open, start up without a new document, but don't hide ourselves -- this causes the
    // icon in the Windows 7 taskbar to start in the wrong position and slide into the right position.
    case CCommandLineInfo::FileDDE:
        break;
 
    // If we've been asked to register, exit without showing UI.
    // Registration was already done in InitInstance().
    case CCommandLineInfo::AppRegister:
        {
            Register();            
            bResult = FALSE;    // that's all we do
 
            // If nobody is using it already, we can use it.
            // We'll flag that we're unregistering and not save our state
            // on the way out. This new object gets deleted by the
            // app object destructor.
 
            if (m_pCmdInfo == NULL)
            {
                m_pCmdInfo = new CCommandLineInfo;
                m_pCmdInfo->m_nShellCommand = CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister;
            }
            break;
        }
 
    // If we've been asked to unregister, unregister and then terminate
    case CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister:
        {
            BOOL bUnregistered = Unregister();
 
            if (!rCmdInfo.m_bRunEmbedded)
            {
                if (bUnregistered)
                    AfxMessageBox(AFX_IDP_UNREG_DONE);
                else
                    AfxMessageBox(AFX_IDP_UNREG_FAILURE);
            }
            bResult = FALSE;    // that's all we do
 
            // If nobody is using it already, we can use it.
            // We'll flag that we're unregistering and not save our state
            // on the way out. This new object gets deleted by the
            // app object destructor.
 
            if (m_pCmdInfo == NULL)
            {
                m_pCmdInfo = new CCommandLineInfo;
                m_pCmdInfo->m_nShellCommand = CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister;
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    return bResult;
}

->CreateEx()

BOOL CWnd::CreateEx(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCTSTR lpszClassName,
    LPCTSTR lpszWindowName, DWORD dwStyle,
    int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
    HWND hWndParent, HMENU nIDorHMenu, LPVOID lpParam)
{
    ASSERT(lpszClassName == NULL || AfxIsValidString(lpszClassName) || 
        AfxIsValidAtom(lpszClassName));
    ENSURE_ARG(lpszWindowName == NULL || AfxIsValidString(lpszWindowName));
     
    // allow modification of several common create parameters
    CREATESTRUCT cs;
    cs.dwExStyle = dwExStyle;
    cs.lpszClass = lpszClassName;
    cs.lpszName = lpszWindowName;
    cs.style = dwStyle;
    cs.x = x;
    cs.y = y;
    cs.cx = nWidth;
    cs.cy = nHeight;
    cs.hwndParent = hWndParent;
    cs.hMenu = nIDorHMenu;
    cs.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
    cs.lpCreateParams = lpParam;
 
    if (!<strong>PreCreateWindow</strong>(cs))//<strong>此处调用的PreCreateWindow，事实上调用的是C***App的成员函数，虚函数，可以在C***App中重写，这样可以在窗口被创建前通过结构体CREATESTRUCT更改窗口风格等
    {
        PostNcDestroy();</strong>
        return FALSE;
    }
 
    AfxHookWindowCreate(this);
    HWND hWnd = ::AfxCtxCreateWindowEx(cs.dwExStyle, cs.lpszClass,//<strong>开始创建窗口</strong>
            cs.lpszName, cs.style, cs.x, cs.y, cs.cx, cs.cy,
            cs.hwndParent, cs.hMenu, cs.hInstance, cs.lpCreateParams);
 
#ifdef _DEBUG
    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Window creation failed: GetLastError returns 0x%8.8X\n",
            GetLastError());
    }
#endif
 
    if (!AfxUnhookWindowCreate())
        PostNcDestroy();        // cleanup if CreateWindowEx fails too soon
 
    if (hWnd == NULL)
        return FALSE;
    ASSERT(hWnd == m_hWnd); // should have been set in send msg hook
    return TRUE;
}

->AfxEndDeferRegisterClass()

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BOOL AFXAPI AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(LONG fToRegister)
{
    // mask off all classes that are already registered
    AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();
    fToRegister &= ~pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses;
    if (fToRegister == 0)
        return TRUE;
 
    LONG fRegisteredClasses = 0;
 
    // common initialization
    WNDCLASS wndcls;
    memset(&wndcls, 0, sizeof(WNDCLASS));   // start with NULL defaults
    wndcls.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//<strong>使窗口类的窗口过程为系统的默认窗口过程。</strong>
    wndcls.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
    wndcls.hCursor = afxData.hcurArrow;
 
    INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX init;
    init.dwSize = sizeof(init);
 
    // work to register classes as specified by fToRegister, populate fRegisteredClasses as we go
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WND_REG)
    {
        // Child windows - no brush, no icon, safest default class styles
        wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWnd;
        if (<strong>AfxRegisterClass</strong>(&wndcls))//<strong>注册窗口</strong>
            fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WND_REG;
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG)
    {
        // OLE Control windows - use parent DC for speed
        wndcls.style |= CS_PARENTDC | CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndOleControl;
        if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
            fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG;
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG)
    {
        // Control bar windows
        wndcls.style = 0;   // control bars don't handle double click
        wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndControlBar;
        wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);
        if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
            fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG;
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG)
    {
        // MDI Frame window (also used for splitter window)
        wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS;
        wndcls.hbrBackground = NULL;
        if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndMDIFrame, AFX_IDI_STD_MDIFRAME))
            fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG;
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG)
    {
        // SDI Frame or MDI Child windows or views - normal colors
        wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
        wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
        if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndFrameOrView, AFX_IDI_STD_FRAME))
            fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG;
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG)
    {
        // this flag is compatible with the old InitCommonControls() API
        init.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK);
        fToRegister &= ~AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK;
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_TREEVIEW_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_TAB_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_LISTVIEW_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_HOTKEY_CLASS;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_BAR_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_ANIMATE_CLASS;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_INTERNET_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_COOL_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_USEREX_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_DATE_CLASSES;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LINK_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_LINK_CLASS;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LINK_REG);
    }
    if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PAGER_REG)
    {
        init.dwICC = ICC_PAGESCROLLER_CLASS;
        fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PAGER_REG);
    }
 
    // save new state of registered controls
    pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= fRegisteredClasses;
 
    // special case for all common controls registered, turn on AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG
    if ((pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses & AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK) == AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK)
    {
        pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
        fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
    }
 
    // must have registered at least as mamy classes as requested
    return (fToRegister & fRegisteredClasses) == fToRegister;
}