使用函数接口和枚举实现配置式编程(Java与Scala实现)

概述###

做报表时，有时需要根据不同的业务生成不同的报表。这样，需要能够动态地配置列字段，并根据列字段来输出对应的报表。使用函数接口结合枚举可以比较优雅地实现配置式编程。

问题描述如下：

假设有对象 Student, Teacher ，它们均有属性 Id, Name, Able 。要求：(1) 打印这些 Student, Teacher 的字段 (Id, Name) 的内容 ; (2) 打印这些 Student, Teacher 的字段 (Name, Able) 的内容。

Java代码示例###

直接上代码。应该能看懂。需要 Java1.8 才能正常运行。

接口定义####

package zzz.study.function;

/**
 * Created by shuqin on 17/3/30.
 */
public interface Person {

    String getId();
    String getName();

    String able();
}

对象定义####

类 Student ：

package zzz.study.function;

/**
 * Created by shuqin on 17/3/30.
 */
public class Student implements Person {

    private String studentId;
    private String name;
    private String able;

    public Student(String studentId, String name, String able) {
        this.studentId = studentId;
        this.name = name;
        this.able = able;
    }

    @Override
    public String getId() {
        return studentId;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @Override
    public String able() {
        return able;
    }
}

类 Teacher :

package zzz.study.function;

/**
 * Created by shuqin on 17/3/30.
 */
public class Teacher implements Person {

    private String teacherId;
    private String name;
    private String able;

    public Teacher(String teacherId, String name, String able) {
        this.teacherId = teacherId;
        this.name = name;
        this.able = able;
    }

    @Override
    public String getId() {
        return teacherId;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @Override
    public String able() {
        return able;
    }
}

字段定义配置####

字段定义配置是核心。这里结合了枚举和函数式接口。这里之所以写成 FieldEnum(fieldName, fieldTitle, fieldValueGetMethod) 的定义方式，是为了便于管理。同样可以采用两个 Map 来实现：Map<fieldName, fieldTitle>, Map<fieldName, fieldValueGetMethod>，这样更适用于 Java1.6 , 不过要把两个 Map 拼起来才是完整的字段定义视图。 Person::getName 是方法引用，(Person p) -> p.getName() 的简写形式。

package zzz.study.function;

import java.util.function.Function;

/**
 * Created by shuqin on 17/3/30.
 */
public enum FieldConf {

    Id("Id", "编号", Person::getId),
    Name("Name", "姓名", Person::getName),
    Able("Able", "能力", Person::able);

    private String name;
    private String title;
    private Function<Person, String> method;

    FieldConf(String name, String title, Function<Person,String> method) {
        this.name = name;
        this.title = title;
        this.method = method;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public Function<Person, String> getMethod() {
        return method;
    }
}

字段定义伴生类####

FieldConfAccompany 是 FieldConf 的伴生类，从 Scala 的伴生对象借鉴而来，体现了类变量、方法与实例变量、方法分离的设计思想，使得两者各司其责，都比较简洁。

package zzz.study.function;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * Created by shuqin on 17/3/30.
 * FieldConf 的伴生对象, 从Scala借鉴而来
 */
public class FieldConfAccompany {

    private static Map<String, FieldConf> fieldConfMap = new HashMap<String, FieldConf>();
    private static List<String> allFields = new ArrayList<>();

    static {
        for (FieldConf fc: FieldConf.values()) {
            fieldConfMap.put(fc.name(), fc);
            allFields.add(fc.getName());
        }
    }

    public static FieldConf getInstance(String name) {
        return fieldConfMap.get(name);
    }

    public static List<String> getAllFields() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(allFields);
    }
}

客户端使用####

这里使用了 java8 Stream api 。并没有什么特别的，只是针对列表的批量流式处理，具备延迟计算特性。

package zzz.study.function;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

/**
 * Created by shuqin on 17/3/30.
 */
public class Report {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        report(Arrays.asList(new String[] {"Id", "Name"}), getPersons());
        report(Arrays.asList(new String[] {"Name", "Able"}), getPersons());
    }

    public static void report(List<String> fields, List<Person> persons) {
        String reportTitles = fields.stream().map(
                field -> FieldConfAccompany.getInstance(field).getTitle()
        ).collect(Collectors.joining(","));

        List<String> rows = persons.stream().map(
                p -> fields.stream().map(
                        field -> FieldConfAccompany.getInstance(field).getMethod().apply(p)
                ).collect(Collectors.joining(","))
        ).collect(Collectors.toList());

        System.out.println(reportTitles);
        System.out.println(String.join("\n",rows));

    }

    private static List<Person> getPersons() {
        Person s1 = new Student("s1", "liming", "Study");
        Person s2 = new Student("s2", "xueying", "Piano");
        Person t1 = new Teacher("t1", "Mr.Q", "Swim");
        Person t2 = new Teacher("t2", "Mrs.L", "Dance");
        return Arrays.asList(new Person[] {s1, s2, t1, t2});
    }

}

输出：

编号,姓名
s1,liming
s2,xueying
t1,Mr.Q
t2,Mrs.L
姓名,能力
liming,Study
xueying,Piano
Mr.Q,Swim
Mrs.L,Dance

Scala代码示例###

业务类####

同样先定义业务类 Person, Student, Teacher 。可以看到 Scala 的类定义比 Java 类定义的语法形式简洁不少，相当于语言层面实现了 lombok 的功能。

package scalastudy.extend

/**
  * Created by shuqin on 17/4/10.
  */
trait Person {
  def getId: String
  def getName: String
  def getAble: String
}

class Student(studentId: String, name:String, able:String) extends Person {
  override def getId: String = studentId
  override def getName: String = name
  override def getAble: String = able
}

class Teacher(teacherId: String, name:String, able:String) extends Person {
  override def getId: String = teacherId
  override def getName: String = name
  override def getAble: String = able
}

字段配置####

Scala 没有直接支持枚举类型，而是提供了 Enumeration 助手类。可是这个类也不支持定义方法字段，因此，采用样例对象来模拟枚举功能。这里 apply 实现了静态构造器的功能，通过指定名称获取对应的样例对象。Scala 的 Case 功能非常强大，可以匹配常量、变量、容器结构及元素、类对象、正则表达式等各种对象，并赋值给相应的变量。

package scalastudy.extend

/**
  * Created by shuqin on 17/4/10.
  * Scala 实现枚举; 由于 Enumeration 不支持枚举含有方法字段，因此采用样例对象模拟实现。
  */
sealed class FieldConf(name:String, title:String, able: (Person)=>String) {
  def getTitle = title
  def getAble = able
}

object FieldConf {

  def apply(name: String): FieldConf = {
    name match {
      case "Id" => Id
      case "Name" => Name
      case "Able" => Able
      case _ => Unknown
    }
  }
}

case object Id extends FieldConf("Id", "编号", p => p.getId)
case object Name extends FieldConf("Name", "姓名", p => p.getName)
case object Able extends FieldConf("Able", "能力", p => p.getAble)
case object Unknown extends FieldConf("Unknown", "未知", p => "")

报表输出####

Scala 提供了相当多的助手方法，可以方便地实现常用功能，比如对列表拼接字符串。在 Java 中就要难受地一次次编写无聊的 new StringBuilder , append, return sb.toString 这种套话，而在 Scala 只要使用 mkString 即可，类似于 Python 的 join 方法。 Scala 的 lambda 表达式也很简洁，如果只有单变量的话，不必显式写出 p => doFor(p) 的形式，而是直接可写成 doFor(_) 。

package scalastudy.extend

/**
  * Created by shuqin on 17/4/10.
  */
object ExtendedReport extends App {
  launch()

  def launch(): Unit = {
    report(List("Id", "Name"), getPersons())
    report(List("Name", "Able"), getPersons())
  }

  def report(fields:List[String], persons:List[Person]):Unit = {
    val titles = fields.map(FieldConf(_).getTitle).mkString(",")
    println(titles)
    val rows = persons.map(
      p => fields.map(FieldConf(_).getAble.apply(p)).mkString(",")
    ).mkString("\n")
    println(rows)
  }

  def getPersons():List[Person] = {
    List(new Student("s1", "liming", "Study"), new Student("s2", "xueying", "Piano"),
         new Teacher("t1", "Mr.Q", "Swim"), new Teacher("t2", "Mrs.L", "Dance"))
  }

}

posted @ 2017-03-30 22:39 琴水玉阅读(2631) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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编程大观园

Enjoy programming, Enjoy life ~~~　设计，诗歌与爱

使用函数接口和枚举实现配置式编程(Java与Scala实现)

概述###

Java代码示例###

接口定义####

对象定义####

字段定义配置####

字段定义伴生类####

客户端使用####

Scala代码示例###

业务类####

字段配置####

报表输出####

公告

编程大观园

Enjoy programming, Enjoy life ~~~ 设计，诗歌与爱

使用函数接口和枚举实现配置式编程(Java与Scala实现)

概述###

Java代码示例###

接口定义####

对象定义####

字段定义配置####

字段定义伴生类####

客户端使用####

Scala代码示例###

业务类####

字段配置####

报表输出####

公告

Enjoy programming, Enjoy life ~~~　设计，诗歌与爱