LINQ-to-SQL那点事~线程共享的DbContext与私有的DbContext
在使用Linq to Sql做为底层ORM时,它为我们提供的数据上下文为DataContext对象,实现上我们通过拖动生成的DBML文件,它们都是继承自 System.Data.Linq.DataContext类型的,所以DataContext就是LINQ数据对象的基类,有时,我们可以通过这种类的多态性来动态创建DB的实例。
在每个DataContext类中,它有几个实例的构造方法,用来让你创建DataContext的实例,如下:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 使用默认的连接串创建实现(每拖一次数据库,就会产生一个连接串) 3 /// </summary> 4 public DataClasses1DataContext() : 5 base(global::test.Properties.Settings.Default.EEE114ConnectionString, mappingSource) 6 { 7 OnCreated(); 8 } 9 /// <summary> 10 /// 使用指定的连接串,可能配置在config文件里 11 /// </summary> 12 /// <param name="connection"></param> 13 public DataClasses1DataContext(string connection) : 14 base(connection, mappingSource) 15 { 16 OnCreated(); 17 } 18 /// <summary> 19 /// 使用使用了IDbConnection接口的对象创建实例 20 /// </summary> 21 /// <param name="connection"></param> 22 public DataClasses1DataContext(System.Data.IDbConnection connection) : 23 base(connection, mappingSource) 24 { 25 OnCreated(); 26 } 27 /// <summary> 28 /// 使用连接串和数据库的映射文件来建立实例,mappingSource可能是一个XML文件 29 /// </summary> 30 /// <param name="connection"></param> 31 /// <param name="mappingSource"></param> 32 public DataClasses1DataContext(string connection, System.Data.Linq.Mapping.MappingSource mappingSource) : 33 base(connection, mappingSource) 34 { 35 OnCreated(); 36 }
而我们在实现项目开发中,可能用第二种比较多,即
1 DataClasses1DataContext db=new LINQ.DataClasses1DataContext(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["XXB"].ToString())
这样,在开发环境与生成环境只要配置一个CONFIG文件即可。灵活。
而今天的主题是线程共享的DbContext与私有的DbContext,所以开始书归正转了,对于ado.net架构中,我们往往使用一个static全局对象来完成数据访问工作,而在linq to sql中,如果你建立一个static对象,它会出现很多问题,这在实现开发过程中才可以体会到,所以,今天要说的不是static对象。
一 线程共享的DbContext,说清楚一点就是在一个线程内,你的DataContext对象是共享的,是一个对象,不是new出很多个datacontext对象来,这事实上是一种单例模式的体现,这没有问题,它解决了static对象所产生的问题,而又满足了多表关联查询时出现(不能实现不同数据上下文件的引用,linq to sql和Ef都是这样的)的问题。
代码:
datacontext生成工厂:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 数据库建立工厂 3 /// Created By : 张占岭 4 /// Created Date:2011-10-14 5 /// Modify By: 6 /// Modify Date: 7 /// Modify Reason: 8 /// </summary> 9 internal sealed class DbFactory 10 { 11 #region Fields 12 static System.Timers.Timer sysTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(10000); 13 volatile static Dictionary<Thread, DataContext[]> divDataContext = new Dictionary<Thread, DataContext[]>(); 14 #endregion 15 16 #region Constructors 17 /// <summary> 18 /// 类构造方法 19 /// </summary> 20 static DbFactory() 21 { 22 sysTimer.AutoReset = true; 23 sysTimer.Enabled = true; 24 sysTimer.Elapsed += new System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler(sysTimer_Elapsed); 25 sysTimer.Start(); 26 } 27 #endregion 28 29 #region Static Methods 30 31 /// <summary> 32 /// 订阅Elapsed事件的方法 33 /// </summary> 34 /// <param name="sender"></param> 35 /// <param name="e"></param> 36 static void sysTimer_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e) 37 { 38 List<Thread> list = divDataContext.Keys.Where(item => item.ThreadState == ThreadState.Stopped).ToList(); 39 for (int index = 0; index < list.Count; index++) 40 { 41 for (int refer = 0; refer < divDataContext[list[index]].Length; refer++) 42 if (divDataContext[list[index]][refer] != null) 43 { 44 divDataContext[list[index]][refer].Dispose(); 45 divDataContext[list[index]][refer] = null; 46 } 47 divDataContext.Remove(list[index]); 48 list[index] = null; 49 } 50 } 51 /// <summary> 52 /// 通过工厂的制造模式获取相应的LINQ数据库连接对象 53 /// </summary> 54 /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称(需要与真实数据库名称保持一致)</param> 55 /// <returns>LINQ数据库连接对象</returns> 56 public static DataContextIntance(string dbName) 57 { 58 return Intance(dbName, Thread.CurrentThread, 1, 0); 59 } 60 61 /// <summary> 62 /// 通过工厂的制造模式获取相应的LINQ数据库连接对象 63 /// </summary> 64 /// <param name="dbName"></param> 65 /// <param name="dbCount"></param> 66 /// <param name="dbIndex"></param> 67 /// <returns></returns> 68 public static DataContextIntance(string dbName, int dbCount, int dbIndex) 69 { 70 return Intance(dbName, Thread.CurrentThread, dbCount, dbIndex); 71 } 72 73 /// <summary> 74 /// 通过工厂的制造模式获取相应的LINQ数据库连接对象 75 /// </summary> 76 /// <param name="dbName">数据库名称(需要与真实数据库名称保持一致)</param> 77 /// <param name="thread">当前线程引用的对象</param> 78 /// <param name="dbCount">linq to sql数据库数量</param> 79 /// <param name="dbIndex">当前索引</param> 80 /// <returns>LINQ对象上下文</returns> 81 public static DataContextIntance(string dbName, Thread thread, int dbCount, int dbIndex) 82 { 83 if (!divDataContext.Keys.Contains(thread)) 84 { 85 divDataContext.Add(thread, new DbContext[dbCount]); 86 } 87 if (divDataContext[thread][dbIndex] == null) 88 { 89 divDataContext[thread][dbIndex] = new DbContext(dbName); 90 } 91 return divDataContext[thread][dbIndex]; 92 } 93 94 /// <summary> 95 /// 通过工厂的制造模式获取相应的LINQ数据库连接对象 96 /// </summary> 97 /// <param name="dbName"></param> 98 /// <param name="thread"></param> 99 /// <returns></returns> 100 public static DataContextIntance(string dbName, Thread thread) 101 { 102 return Intance(dbName, thread, 1, 0); 103 } 104 #endregion 105 106 }
具体领域数据对象创建时代码如下:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// XXB数据库基类 3 /// </summary> 4 public class XXB_DataBase : DataBase 5 { 6 private readonly static string _conn; 7 static XXB_DataBase() 8 { 9 if (ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["XXB"] == null) 10 throw new Exception("请设置XXB配置字符"); 11 else 12 _conn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["XXB"].ToString(); 13 } 14 public XXB_DataBase() 15 : base(DbFactory.Intance(_conn, 2, 1)) 16 { } 17 18 }
二 私有的DbContext,它要求你为每个表都建立一个repository对象,用户对表进行CURD操作,而它们都继承一个database,在 database里有唯一创建datacontext的入口,这样在做多表关联时,使用的是同一个datacontext对象,所以不会出现“不能实现不同数据上下文件的引用”这种问题,但这样方式感觉很不爽,因为你必须把所有多表关联的业务逻辑,写在DAL层,这是很郁闷的,因为一般我们会把它放在BLL层(更有利于业务的组合与重用)。
代码:
具体领域数据基类:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// XXB数据基类 3 /// </summary> 4 public abstract class XXBBase : DataBase 5 { 6 public XXBBase() 7 : base(new LINQ.DataClasses1DataContext(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["XXB"].ToString())) 8 { } 9 }
统一数据基类:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 标准数据操作基类 3 /// </summary> 4 public abstract class DataBase : IRepository 5 { 6 /// <summary> 7 /// 数据访问对象(只对子类可见) 8 /// </summary> 9 protected DataContext DB; 10 11 #region Constructors 12 public DataBase(DataContext db) 13 : this(() => { return db; }) 14 { } 15 public DataBase(Func<DataContext> func) 16 { 17 this.DB = func(); 18 } 19 #endregion 20 21 #region DBContext SubmitChanges 22 /// <summary> 23 /// XXB默认提交【重写时候可能需要写入自定义的类似约束的逻辑】 24 /// </summary> 25 protected virtual void SubmitChanges() 26 { 27 ChangeSet cSet = DB.GetChangeSet(); 28 if (cSet.Inserts.Count > 0 29 || cSet.Updates.Count > 0 30 || cSet.Deletes.Count > 0) 31 { 32 try 33 { 34 DB.SubmitChanges(System.Data.Linq.ConflictMode.ContinueOnConflict); 35 } 36 catch (System.Data.Linq.ChangeConflictException) 37 { 38 foreach (System.Data.Linq.ObjectChangeConflict occ in DB.ChangeConflicts) 39 { 40 occ.Resolve(System.Data.Linq.RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues); 41 occ.Resolve(System.Data.Linq.RefreshMode.KeepCurrentValues); 42 occ.Resolve(System.Data.Linq.RefreshMode.KeepChanges); 43 } 44 DB.SubmitChanges(); 45 } 46 } 47 } 48 49 #endregion 50 51 #region IRepository 成员 52 53 public virtual void Update<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class 54 { 55 this.SubmitChanges(); 56 57 } 58 59 public virtual void Update<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> list) where TEntity : class 60 { 61 list.ToList().ForEach(entity => 62 { 63 this.Update<TEntity>(entity); 64 }); 65 } 66 67 public virtual void Insert<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class 68 { 69 DB.GetTable<TEntity>().InsertOnSubmit(entity); 70 this.SubmitChanges(); 71 } 72 73 public virtual void Insert<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> list) where TEntity : class 74 { 75 DB.GetTable<TEntity>().InsertAllOnSubmit<TEntity>(list); 76 this.SubmitChanges(); 77 } 78 79 public virtual TEntity InsertGetIDENTITY<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class 80 { 81 this.Insert<TEntity>(entity); 82 return GetModel<TEntity>(i => i == entity).FirstOrDefault(); 83 } 84 85 public virtual void Delete<TEntity>(TEntity entity) where TEntity : class 86 { 87 DB.GetTable<TEntity>().DeleteOnSubmit(entity); 88 this.SubmitChanges(); 89 } 90 91 public virtual void Delete<TEntity>(IEnumerable<TEntity> list) where TEntity : class 92 { 93 DB.GetTable<TEntity>().DeleteAllOnSubmit<TEntity>(list); 94 this.SubmitChanges(); 95 } 96 97 public virtual IQueryable<TEntity> GetModel<TEntity>() where TEntity : class 98 { 99 return this.DB.GetTable<TEntity>(); 100 } 101 102 public virtual IQueryable<TEntity> GetModel<TEntity>(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate) where TEntity : class 103 { 104 return GetModel<TEntity>().Where(predicate); 105 } 106 107 public virtual TEntity Find<TEntity>(params object[] keyValues) where TEntity : class 108 { 109 var mapping = DB.Mapping.GetTable(typeof(TEntity)); 110 var keys = mapping.RowType.IdentityMembers.Select((m, i) => m.Name + " = @" + i).ToArray(); 111 TEntity entityTEntity = DB.GetTable<TEntity>().Where(String.Join(" && ", keys), keyValues).FirstOrDefault(); 112 if (entityTEntity != null) 113 DB.Refresh(System.Data.Linq.RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues, entityTEntity); 114 return entityTEntity; 115 } 116 117 #endregion 118 }
而用户模块User_InfoRepository在做多表关联时,是这样完成的:
1 public class User_InfoRepository : XXBBase 2 { 3 /// <summary> 4 /// 需要把Join的表关系写在这里 5 /// </summary> 6 /// <returns></returns> 7 public IQueryable<User_Info> GetDetailModel() 8 { 9 var linq = from data1 in base.GetModel<User_Info>() 10 join data2 in base.GetModel<User_Profile>() on data1.UserID equals data2.UserID 11 select data1; 12 return linq; 13 } 14 }
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