将不确定变为确定~接口应该是什么
接口到底是什么,应该如何去使用它呢?
书上说:“接口规定了一组操作的规范,它将一些不相关的对象联系在一起”,说是这样说,但在实际当中我们应该如何去用接口,如何去用好接口呢?
事实上,我一直认为,在面向对象中,接口就是大哥大,用好接口,理解好接口,你对面向对象的认识也将上升一个新的台阶,接口不可遗忘的功能就是它实现了面向对象的多态性,多态,即一种对象,在接受指定信息时,实现指定的对象实例,这其实就是我对多态的比较直观的理解。
一个用户操作的接口可能是这样被定义:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 用户相关接口规范 3 /// </summary> 4 public interface IUserRepository : Data.IRepository<UserBases> 5 { 6 /// <summary> 7 /// 注册流程 8 /// </summary> 9 /// <param name="entity"></param> 10 VMessage RegisterUser(UserBases entity); 11 12 void UpdateUser(UserBases entity); 13 /// <summary> 14 /// 登陆 15 /// </summary> 16 /// <param name="entity"></param> 17 /// <returns></returns> 18 VMessage Login(UserBases entity); 19 20 /// <summary> 21 /// 修改密码 22 /// </summary> 23 /// <param name="entity"></param> 24 /// <returns></returns> 25 VMessage ChangePassword(UserBases entity); 26 }
但对于它的实现,我们可以有多种,如可以是sqlserver的,而对于sqlserver来说,又可以是linq to sql的,ado.net的及ef的等等。
而对于一个用户操作的实现类,它将被动的去实现IUserRepository的基接口IRepository,代码如下:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 用户操作实现类 3 /// sqlserver-linq to sql实现 4 /// </summary> 5 public class UserRepository : Car_RentalRepositoryBase, IUserRepository 6 { 7 8 #region IUserRepository 成员 9 10 public VMessage RegisterUser(UserBases entity) 11 { 12 entity.Password = Utility.EncryptString(entity.Password, Utility.EncryptorType.MD5); 13 VMessage vm = new VMessage(); 14 try 15 { 16 base.InsertEntity(entity); 17 vm.IsComplete = true; 18 } 19 catch (Exception) 20 { 21 vm.IsComplete = false; 22 throw; 23 } 24 return vm; 25 26 } 27 28 public void UpdateUser(UserBases entity) 29 { 30 DB.SubmitChanges(); 31 } 32 33 public VMessage Login(UserBases entity) 34 { 35 VMessage vm = new VMessage(); 36 try 37 { 38 entity = this.GetModel().Where(i => i.Name == entity.Name && i.Password == Utility.EncryptString(entity.Password, Utility.EncryptorType.MD5)).FirstOrDefault(); 39 if (entity != null) 40 { 41 vm.IsComplete = true; 42 vm.Entity = entity; 43 } 44 else 45 vm.IsComplete = false; 46 } 47 catch (Exception) 48 { 49 vm.IsComplete = false; 50 throw; 51 } 52 return vm; 53 } 54 55 public VMessage ChangePassword(UserBases entity) 56 { 57 VMessage vm = new VMessage(); 58 try 59 { 60 vm = this.Login(entity); 61 62 if (vm.IsComplete) 63 { 64 entity = vm.Entity as UserBases; 65 entity.Password = Utility.EncryptString(entity.NewPassword, Utility.EncryptorType.MD5); 66 this.Update(entity); 67 vm.IsComplete = true; 68 } 69 else 70 vm.IsComplete = false; 71 } 72 catch (Exception) 73 { 74 vm.IsComplete = false; 75 throw; 76 } 77 return vm; 78 } 79 #endregion 80 81 #region IRepository<UserBases> 成员 82 83 public void Update(UserBases entity) 84 { 85 base.UpdateEntity(entity); 86 } 87 88 public void Update(IList<UserBases> list) 89 { 90 list.ToList().ForEach(entity => { this.Update(entity); }); 91 } 92 93 public void Insert(UserBases entity) 94 { 95 base.InsertEntity(entity); 96 } 97 98 public void Insert(IList<UserBases> list) 99 { 100 list.ToList().ForEach(entity => { this.Insert(entity); }); 101 } 102 103 public UserBases InsertGetIDENTITY(UserBases entity) 104 { 105 base.InsertEntity(entity); 106 return base.Find<UserBases>(entity.UserID); 107 } 108 109 public void Delete(UserBases entity) 110 { 111 base.DeleteEntity(entity); 112 } 113 114 public void Delete(IList<UserBases> list) 115 { 116 list.ToList().ForEach(entity => { this.Delete(entity); }); 117 } 118 119 public IQueryable<UserBases> GetModel() 120 { 121 return base.GetEntities<UserBases>().Select(item => new UserBases_Ext 122 { 123 CreateDate = item.CreateDate, 124 Email = item.Email, 125 Name = item.Name, 126 Status = item.Status, 127 UpdateDate = item.UpdateDate, 128 UserID = item.UserID, 129 Password = item.Password, 130 ConfirmCode = item.ConfirmCode, 131 ConfirmPassword = item.ConfirmPassword, 132 IDNumber = item.IDNumber, 133 IDType = item.IDType, 134 QQ = item.QQ, 135 Tel = item.Tel, 136 TelVerify = item.TelVerify, 137 }); 138 } 139 140 public UserBases Find(params object[] keyValues) 141 { 142 return base.Find<UserBases>(keyValues); 143 } 144 145 #endregion 146 }
而在业务层去调用时,你可以使用IOC去建立实例,也可以在程序里写死,但它为业务层开放时,尽量是“构架方法”注入式的,以下是商品业务模块的代码片断:
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 商品模块实现 3 /// </summary> 4 public class ProductService : ServiceBase, IProductService 5 { 6 IProductRepository iProductRepository = null; 7 /// <summary> 8 /// 默认构造方法 9 /// </summary> 10 public ProductService() 11 : this(new ProductRepository()) 12 { 13 14 } 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 构造方法,可以在建立实例时进行实现方式的选择 17 /// </summary> 18 /// <param name="_iProductRepository"></param> 19 public ProductService(IProductRepository _iProductRepository) 20 { 21 iProductRepository = _iProductRepo
而这样,在上一层就可以转入接口的一个实现就可以了,这样是否方便TDD呢,呵呵。