SqlServer 2005 T-SQL Query 学习笔记（8）

OVER关键字允许你去请求基于窗口的计算，也就是，整个计算在一个查询窗口完成。

 

比如下面的例子：

SELECT stor_id, ord_num, title_id,
  CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), ord_date, 120) AS ord_date, qty,
  CAST(1.*qty / sumqty * 100 AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS per,
  CAST(qty - avgqty AS DECIMAL(9, 2)) as diff
FROM dbo.sales,
  (SELECT SUM(qty) AS sumqty, AVG(1.*qty) AS avgqty
   FROM dbo.sales) AS AGG;

 

因为要计算平均值和总计值，并把这2个值放进一个查询窗口进行计算，这样就难免要单独进行一个平均值和总计值的查询，上面的代码就是这样。

 

但是，我们考虑下，这样进行查询，需要对一个表查询2次，这是非常低效的，能不能进行一次查询就完成上面的功能呢？

 

那么OVER关键字就可以方便我们解决这一问，比如，下面的代码：

SELECT stor_id, ord_num, title_id,
  CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), ord_date, 120) AS ord_date, qty,
  CAST(1.*qty / SUM(qty) OVER() * 100 AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS per,
  CAST(qty - AVG(1.*qty) OVER() AS DECIMAL(9, 2)) AS diff
FROM dbo.sales;

 

所以，类似的，我们可以把计算和普通查询连到一起，代码上显得简单，效率也更高：

SELECT stor_id, ord_num, title_id,
  SUM(qty)   OVER() AS sumqty,
  COUNT(qty) OVER() AS cntqty,
  AVG(qty)   OVER() AS avgqty,
  MIN(qty)   OVER() AS minqty,
  MAX(qty)   OVER() AS maxqty
FROM dbo.sales;

 

截止这里，上面的计算是基于整个集合的，如果我们加入PARTITION BY呢？加入这个关键字之后，我们的结果会按PARTITION BY的字段进行分组，那么SUM和AVG就只会在同一组内进行计算。

SELECT stor_id, ord_num, title_id,
  CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), ord_date, 120) AS ord_date, qty,
  CAST(1.*qty / SUM(qty) OVER(PARTITION BY stor_id) * 100
    AS DECIMAL(5, 2)) AS per,
  CAST(qty - AVG(1.*qty) OVER(PARTITION BY stor_id)
    AS DECIMAL(9, 2)) AS diff
FROM dbo.sales
ORDER BY stor_id;

 

总的一句话，OVER关键字允许更短更快的查询。

 

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