IOS的开发零基础之Linux的基本命令（一）

本文目录：

      说明：本专题是为了帮助新人更好地掌握上课所学的知识，中英文对照的原因是因为

原文是全英的国外原版教材。当然也是为了提高自己的英语水平。如果你不喜欢这种

风格或对本文的内容已经熟知，可以略过。

1. The  History of Unix/Linux     
2. The  Basic Knowledge           
3. The  General  Command        
4. Unix Shell                            
5. Makefile

 

一、The History of Unix/Linux  (Linux 的发展史)   

• In 1969, a team of developers in the Bell Labs laboratories developed a new operating system:       

           －Simple and elegant.

           －Written in the C programming language instead of in assembly code. 

                 －Able to recycle code. 

• 1969年，在贝尔实验室，有一支开发团队开发出一种新的操作系统。它简洁而优雅，它用C语言来代替用汇编语言来写。
• 能够进行代码的复用。

 

• The systems Bell Labs developed is named as "UnixSystemV".
  Computer Systems Research Group of  California University at Berkeley（CSRG）studied Unix OS and developed BSD Unix. BSD Unix has considerable influence in the historical development of Unix.
• 贝尔实验室开发的这款操作系统被命名为  "UnixSystemV"
• 在美国加利福尼亚州的伯克利大学， 一些计算机操作系统的爱好者们，他们学习，研究 Unix OS.并且开发 BSD Unix.
• BSD Unix 被认为，在很大程度上对今天的Unix的发展影响深远。

 

 

• None of UNIX were truly free
  Linus, a young man studying computer science at the university of Helsinki, thought it would be a good idea to have some sort of freely available academic version of UNIX, and promptly started to code.
  All the features of UNIX were added over the next couple of years, resulting in the mature operating system Linux has become today.
  Linux is a full UNIX clone, fit for use on workstations as well as on middle-range and high-end servers. 
• 没有那个UNIX 是真正免费的。
• 一个名叫Linus的在芬兰的赫尔辛基大学计算机专业的学生，他有一个好的想法，那就是利用学院里能够自由使用的UNIX版本的计算机的机会，开始写一个操作系统。在随后的数年里，UNIX不断的增加新的功能,最终发展成为一个成熟的操作系统，也就是我们今天的Linux。
• Linux 就是UXIX的克隆，它很好的适应在工作站上就像在中高端服务器上工作。

 

• GNU Plan and the Free Software Foundation( FSF) was created by Richard M. Stallman in 1984.
  It aims to develop an OS similarly like Unix, and a complete free software operating system: GNU OS.
  GNU Project have developed many high level quality free softwares, including emacs edit system、bash shell 、gcc 、gdb etc.
  Linux is only a kernel of an OS, without GNU software environment, it can not go any more.
  Shell: System command interpreter, between the middle of the kernel and user, it explains the user’s instruction to the kernel